Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Biogenic synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Eucalyptus globulus Leaf Extract and its impact on germination and Phytochemical composition of Lactuca sativa

Green nanomaterials are increasingly used to improve plant growth and phytochemical traits. This study employed Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract, a medicinal plant, as a bio-reductant and capping agent to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs), which were applied as seed primers for Lactuca sativa (lettuce), an annual species prized for its short germination time and rich bioactive compounds. Characterization of CuO-NPs using FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX confirmed their purity, crystalline structure, and an average particle size of 74.66 nm. The CuO-NPs were applied at concentrations of 0.01 mg/ml, 0.02 mg/ml, 0.03 mg/ml, and 0.04 mg/ml. At the highest concentration (0.04 mg/ml), significant reductions in physical growth parameters were observed, with plant length, height, and width measuring 7.85 cm, 5.50 cm, and 3.48 cm, respectively, compared to 13.70 cm, 11.52 cm, and 11.18 cm in control plants. Phytochemical analysis identified tannins, alkaloids, phytosterols, saponins, flavonoids, and glycosides in all methanolic extracts, while carotenoids were absent at higher concentrations (0.03 mg/ml and 0.04 mg/ml) due to phytotoxicity. FTIR analysis revealed a prominent peak at 858 cm⁻¹ at 0.01 mg/ml, indicating the presence of antioxidant-rich aromatic phenyl compounds. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that CuO-NPs synthesized using Eucalyptus globulus extract enhance phytochemical constituents at optimal concentrations but inhibit growth and reduce key phytochemicals at higher doses. Future research should optimize nanoparticle concentrations to minimize phytotoxicity while maximizing beneficial effects on plant growth and bioactive compounds.

Brain changes following subchronic exposure to copper oxide nanoparticles: animal experimental data analysis

AbstractThe goal of this study was to assess the health effects of (copper oxide nanparticles) CuO NPs on the brain structure and function in rats. Morphology results showed that the number of axons with the damaged myelin sheath in basal ganglia and the proportion of pathologically altered mitochondria in olfactory bulbs and basal ganglia had increased, while the concentration of myelin basic protein in blood serum remained unchanged. We also have observed the lower body weight gain, signs of hemolytic anemia, an increased platelet count, reduced locomotion and exploratory activity. We propose that the central nervous system and haematopoiesis are the targets for toxicity of CuO NPs administered intranasally during six weeks at the total dose of 0.45 mg/kg body weight.

Multifunctional scaffolds of β-tricalcium phosphate/bioactive glass coated with zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles

Incorporating nanoparticles into scaffolds with regenerative potential is a promissory strategy to provide them with antimicrobial activity. Bioceramics, such as β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and bioactive glasses (BGs), stand out among synthetic materials for bone regeneration. In this context, we report the incorporation of zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper oxide/copper nitrate (CuO/Cu2H3NO5) nanoparticles onto the surface of the β-TCP/BG scaffolds. This report addresses the physicochemical characterization of the scaffolds, their antimicrobial activity, and their response to MC3T3-E1 cells. Our findings show that the incorporation of both nanoparticles effectively inhibited S. aureus growth, including its biofilm formation. While the presence of the nanoparticles initially decreased MC3T3-E1 cell viability, cell proliferation improved with prolonged incubation. Overall, the β-TCP/BG_Zn and β-TCP/BG_Cu scaffolds showed an early antimicrobial response, aiding infection eradication, while also supporting cell proliferation over time.

Tecoma stans intermediated green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles, its characterization, paracetamol degradation and biological activities

The main objective of the present research work is to green synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) and to study its potential against various enmities to safeguard our environment and health. Based on this approach, preparation of CuO NPs was accomplished using four different volumes (10, 25, 40, and 50 mL of leaves extract) of Tecoma stansleaves extract. Moreover, all the synthesized CuO NPs were characterized using XRD, UV–visible, FTIR, and SEM with EDS analysis. From the XRD pattern, the structures of all the synthesized CuO NPs were found to be monoclinic in phase. According to the UV–visible studies, the calculated band gap energy values for all the prepared CuO NPs were higher compared to bulk CuO, which was 1.2 eV. Further, the FTIR results showed the presence of CuO bond and SEM with EDS analysis revealed the surface morphology of CuO NPs andthe presence of elements showing the purity of synthesized CuO NPs, respectively. The optimized condition for the preparation of CuO NPs were 50 mL of leaves extract mixed with 50 mL of double distilled water (CuO4 NPs) showed a spheroidal morphology as evident from the HRTEM images. XPS analysis used to find the oxidation state of detected elements especially for copper and oxygen. The predicted BET and Langmuir surface area of CuO4 NPs were calculated to be 40.305 m2/g and 5074.12 m2/g respectively. Photocatalytic degradation of paracetamol (PCM) using CuO4 NPs was investigated, and the effect of parameters such as pH, initial concentration of PCM solution, and catalyst dosage were studied under UV light irradiation. The highest removal of 95.15 % had been achieved at 120 min under optimized reaction conditions. Additionally, CuO4 NPs also exhibited exemplary antibacterial activity against bacillus subtilis bacteria with a zone of inhibition of 26 mm. Further, in vitro cytotoxic behaviour of CuO4 NPs was estimated using A549 cancer cells by MTT assay. Thus, the green synthesis of CuO NPs using Tecoma stans leaves extract has the capacity to participate in photocatalytic and biological activities.

Fabrication of a Random Laser by Embedding Copper Oxide Nanoparticles in Nonmetallic Host Media.

In this work, a simple, low-cost method for fabricating random gain media from Rhodamine B dye solution containing highly-pure CuO nanoparticles in transparent resin hosts is proposed. The spectroscopic characteristics of the dye solution samples were investigated with varying dye concentrations, along with nanoparticles of different particle sizes and concentrations. The fabricated samples were excited using two laser sources (405 and 530 nm) to record the fluorescence spectra. Our findings indicate that nanoparticles ranging in size from 15 to 78 nm may not have a significant impact on the fluorescence intensity or the peak wavelength at which maximum fluorescence occurs. Additionally, the fluorescence peak width, centered around 595 nm showed minimal sensitivity to the variation in particle size. The optimal concentration of nanoparticles in the dye solution was determined based on the optimum values of scattering spectral width and anisotropy parameter. Subsequently, the gain coefficient was calculated and correlated with these two parameters. It was found that the samples with the highest fluorescence intensity can be achieved using dye dissolved in transparent resin at a molar concentration of 5 × 10-5 M, containing 0.03-0.04 mg of CuO nanoparticles with a particle size of 78 nm.

Potential of dehydroepiandrosterone and quercetin to ameliorate copper oxide nanoparticles induced hepatotoxicity in albino wistar rats.

The current investigation was designed as an experimental endeavor to explore the protective efficacy of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and quercetin against hepatotoxicity induced by copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles. Rats were subjected to CuO nanoparticle intoxication through intraperitoneal injection of 150mg/kg b.w. for three weeks, followed by the administration of the aforementioned antioxidants for an additional three weeks. This study systematically tracked alterations in liver enzymatic activity, antioxidant levels, apoptotic markers, and histopathological changes using the comet assay. CuO nanoparticle-intoxicated rats exhibited a significant increase in serum alanine transaminase aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and bilirubin levels, coupled with a noteworthy reduction in serum albumin. Moreover, there was a marked rise in serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels, concomitant with a significant decline in serum hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Caspase-3 and Bax mRNA levels in the serum showed a substantial increase, while serum Bcl-2 mRNA levels witnessed a significant decrease. Liver tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NOx) experienced a significant elevation, and DNA damage was observed through the comet assay. Histopathological examination of the liver tissue substantiated these aforementioned findings. Administration of the antioxidants DHEA or quercetin, either individually or in combination, mitigated the parameters of hepatotoxicity to varying extents. In summary, the hepatic genotoxicity induced by CuO nanoparticles demonstrated improvement following the administration of either DHEA or quercetin. Additionally, their combined administration exhibited a more potent protective potential.

Photoelectrochemical properties of TiO2 nanofibers coated by copper oxide nanoparticles using sputtering and chemical bath deposition

Photoelectrochemical properties of TiO2 nanofibers coated by copper oxide nanoparticles using sputtering and chemical bath deposition

Green Synthesis of Sucrose-Mediated Copper Oxide Nanoparticles: a Comprehensive Study on Photocatalytic Efficiency, Antioxidant Potential, and Antimicrobial Properties

Green Synthesis of Sucrose-Mediated Copper Oxide Nanoparticles: a Comprehensive Study on Photocatalytic Efficiency, Antioxidant Potential, and Antimicrobial Properties

Nature-Inspired Antimicrobial Agents: Cinnamon-Derived Copper Oxide Nanoparticles for Effective Aspergillus Niger Control.

The emergence of resistant bacterial and fungal strains poses significant challenges in various industrial processes including food, medicines, and leather industry. It necessitates the development of novel and effective antimicrobial agents. In the present work, we have developed an ecofriendly and sustainable approach to synthesize silver-doped copper oxide nanoparticles by using cinnamon bark extract (C-CuO/Ag). The nanoparticles were characterized via UV-visible spectroscopy at 190-800 nm, FT-IR, SEM-EDAX, XRD, and further subjected to determine antimicrobial potential, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and anti-biofilm potential against both bacterial and fungal species. UV-visible spectrum showed maximum absorption at 210 nm in ultraviolet range and 419 nm in visible range. Various strong and weak peaks were obtained in FT-IR spectra, which defined the presence of corresponding functional groups in C-CuO/Ag nanoparticles. SEM analysis revealed the tightly packed confirmation, while EDS confirmed the elemental analysis of C-CuO/Ag nanoparticles. XRD spectrum of C-CuO/Ag nanoparticles showed strong diffraction peaks at 2Ө of 31.92˚, 35.67˚, and 48.51˚, which confined with the plane indices of (-110), (111), and (-202), respectively, while weak diffraction peaks at 2Ө of 56.31˚, 58.9˚, and 77.4˚, which leads to the crystal planes of (202), (-220), and (311), respectively. Antimicrobial assays showed clear zones of inhibition against microbial strains as maximum inhibition diameter was observed against Aspergillus niger (31.5 ± 0.7 mm) followed by Escherichia coli (30.1 ± 0.3 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (29.5 ± 0.7 mm). These findings provide support clear evidence that CuO nanoparticles can serve as potent antibacterial and antifungal compounds against highly resistive and pathogenic microbial strains.

Surface-Functionalised Copper Oxide Nanoparticles: A Pathway to Multidrug-Resistant Pathogen Control in Medical Devices

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) offer promising antimicrobial properties against a range of pathogens, addressing the urgent issue of antibiotic resistance. This study details the synthesis of glutamic acid-coated CuONPs (GA-CuONPs) and their functionalisation on medical-grade silicone tubing, using an oxysilane bonding agent. The resulting coating shows significant antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains, while remaining non-toxic to human cells and exhibiting stable adherence, without leaching. This versatile coating method can be applied during manufacturing, or for ad hoc modifications, enhancing the antimicrobial properties of medical devices.

Retraction Note: Copper oxide and copper nanoparticles insertion within a PPy matrix for photodetector applications

Retraction Note: Copper oxide and copper nanoparticles insertion within a PPy matrix for photodetector applications

Green synthesis of copper oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Santalum album leaf extract for enhanced wastewater treatment

Green synthesis of copper oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Santalum album leaf extract for enhanced wastewater treatment

Copper oxide nanoparticles-decorated cellulose acetate: Eco-friendly catalysts for reduction of toxic organic dyes in aqueous media

In this study, we aimed to gain insight into the potential of catalytic reduction using copper oxide nanoparticles decorated cellulose acetate as a biosupport (CuxO@CA) for the removal of specific pollutants. The prepared catalyst was submitted to a series of spectroscopy techniques for characterization purposes. The results of the catalytic tests on methylene orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) solutions suggest that the elimination efficiency may be influenced by several factors, including the catalyst dose and the concentration of the pollutant. Kinetic studies were also carried out, and the value of the rate constant Kapp derived from the pseudo-first-order kinetics was found to be highest for the prepared catalyst in a very short reaction time. The CuxO@CA catalyst was tested on a combination of MO/MB dyes, and the results indicated that it exhibited the highest catalytic activity in reducing and degrading these organic dyes in aqueous solutions, which is an encouraging outcome. Furthermore, the prepared catalyst demonstrated promising catalytic performance and exhibited the potential for recycling multiple times without significant loss of activity, which could be advantageous for large-scale production and practical use in water treatment.

Eco-friendly fabrication of copper oxide nanoparticles using peel extract of Citrus aurantium for the efficient degradation of methylene blue dye

This study presents a simple, sustainable, eco-friendly approach for synthesizing copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles using Citrus aurantium peel extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized CuO and CuO-OP were characterized using various techniques, including surface area measurement (SBET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). DRS analysis determines band gap energy (Eg) of 1.7 eV for CuO and 1.6 eV for CuO-OP. FTIR confirmed the presence of Cu–O bond groups. The XRD and HRTEM results revealed monoclinic and spherical nanostructures, with average particle sizes ranging from 53.25 to 68.02 nm, as determined via Scherer’s equation. EDX analysis indicated incorporation of carbon (1.6%) and nitrogen (0.3%) from the peel extract. The synthesized CuO and CuO-OP NPs exhibited excellent photocatalytic efficiencies for methylene blue dye under UV irradiation, reaching 95.34 and 97.5%, respectively, under optimal conditions; the initial dye concentration was 100 mg/L, the pH was 10, the catalyst dosage was 1 g/L, and the contact time was 120 min. Isothermal studies showed that the adsorption of MB onto the nanoparticles followed the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.97 and 0.96). Kinetic studies indicated that the degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with rate constants (K1) of 0.0255 min−1 for CuO and 0.033 min−1 for CuO-OP. The sorption capacities were calculated as 98.19 mg/g for CuO and 123.1 mg/g for CuO-OP. The energy values obtained from the Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm were 707.11 and 912.87 KJ mol−1, suggesting that chemisorption was the dominant mechanism.

Toxicity assessment of copper oxide nanoparticles: In vivo study

Abstact Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) have wide range of application in many fields of industry, agriculture, cosmetics, and health care with probable risk to human health. The present study was conducted to find the chronic toxicity of these nanoparticles in the vital organs. Male healthy Wister Albino rats were subjected on daily bases to 35 intraperitoneal administration of 25 nm CuO NPs (2 mg/kg). All animals were subjected to morphological, histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural examinations. Exposure to CuO NPs induced reduction in body weight gain, urine retention, back arching, and renal calculi formation. The renal tissues demonstrated tubular hydropic degeneration, glomerular hypercellularity, blood vessels congestion and dilatation, renal interstitial oedema, mitochondrial injury, and lysosomal hypertrophy. Conversely, the liver displayed hepatocyte insultation, sinusoidal dilatation, Kupffer cells hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration, hepatocytes mitochondrial cristolysis, mitochondrial swelling, lysosomal hyperplasia, and nuclear alterations. Furthermore, the cardiac tissues demonstrated congestion, cardiocytes disarray, and disorganization. In addition, the neural tissue exhibited Purkinje cells degeneration and cerebral cortex spongiosis. The results suggest that CuO nanomaterials engage with the vital organs’ components, potentially leading to alterations that could affect the organs function. Further research is encouraged for better understanding the mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of CuO NPs.

Therapeutic activity of curcumin in natural and nano forms on copper oxide nanoparticles induced renal toxicity, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in rat

Therapeutic activity of curcumin in natural and nano forms on copper oxide nanoparticles induced renal toxicity, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in rat

A novel method for biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using banana blossom and E-waste: characterization and application in malachite green dye removal through response surface methodology optimization

Textile dyes pose a significant threat to water resources, adversely affecting living organisms. Treating such contaminated water demands sophisticated technology, often expensive and requiring meticulous care. The use of copper oxide nanoparticles as a photocatalyst for degrading textile dyes is a promising solution. However, conventional chemical synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles can be lengthy and environmentally unfriendly. To address this, a green technology approach was adopted in this research. A novel process was developed by extracting copper sulfate solution from E-waste, utilizing it as a precursor. Simultaneously, banana blossom extract (Musa paradisiaca) acted as a reducing agent in the biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles, serving as a biocatalyst for malachite green dye removal. Optical characterization using a UV–Visible spectrophotometer revealed a peak around ~250 nm, indicating the presence of copper oxide. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy identified chemical groups within the sample, and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy confirmed its crystalline nature. The morphology of the synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles was investigated using transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The potential application of CuO-NP in malachite green dye removal was successfully demonstrated, achieving a dye removal efficiency of 92% under optimal conditions. A quantitative analysis of dye removal was conducted and optimized using response surface methodology and analysis of variance, which indicated significant interactions among the variables. This eco-friendly and cost-effective approach showcases the feasibility of green technology in addressing environmental challenges associated with textile dye contamination.

Effects of radiation and activation energy on magnetized ternary nanofluid flow produced by a slippery elastic sheet with entropy analysis

This study looks into two-dimensional, incompressible magnetohydrodynamic flow of ternary hybrid nanofluid passing a stretched surface through a porous material taking into consideration activation energy, heat sink, chemical reaction parameter, and viscous dissipation. This study’s aim is to analyse the flow behaviour for temperature, concentration and velocity with entropy in the presence of titanium dioxide, aluminium oxide, and copper oxide nanoparticles. An effective similarity conversion procedure is used to transform partial differential equations to a nonlinear ordinary differential equations system. Employing proper boundary restrictions, the nonlinear equations are solved using the MATLAB bvp4c technique. A number of physical flow parameters including velocity, thermal and concentration profiles are investigated through tables and graphs in order to assess the flow behaviour. The main outcomes indicate that the velocity profile was decreased by the magnetic parameter and porosity parameter. Also, the Brinkmann number rises the entropy generation rate, while radiation and Brinkmann number decrease the Bejan number. The Sherwood number falls with larger activation energy and magnetic parameter, while it improves with increased Schmidt number, radiation parameter and chemical reaction parameter.

Metal nanoparticles in flaxseed and orange Waste: Sustainable Applications as Antimicrobial agents in water treatment systems

The generation of agro-industrial waste has become a growing concern due to the high volume generated, which can result in increased environmental pollution. In this respect, the reuse of these materials as adsorbents would contribute to environmental sustainability. Flaxseed and orange waste are co-products that can be given added value when functionalized with metallic nanoparticles that have an antibacterial action, becoming an alternative for water contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms, an increasingly recurring problem in the world due to the quality of the water consumed and distributed to the population. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to develop adsorbents with brown flaxseed and orange peel waste impregnated with copper and silver nanoparticles using green synthesis to evaluate the antibacterial activity of these adsorbents against two bacterial strains, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in contaminated water. For the synthesis of the nanomaterials, copper and silver nitrates were used as precursors, and Moringa oleifera leaf extract as a reducing agent. For the microbiological tests, MIC and MBC were initially evaluated. Subsequently, adsorption, bacterial growth curve, and time-kill tests were carried out for E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The antibacterial and bactericidal activities of the functionalized materials were demonstrated. The proposed adsorption mechanism reported that increasing the mass favored a higher percentage of bacterial reduction. However, the adsorbents functionalized with copper oxide nanoparticles showed better results against the bacteria under study, using the lowest mass of material (0.05 g), achieving a 99 % reduction of bacterial biomass after 24 h of treatment. In addition, the inhibition of E. coli and P. aeruginosa biomass was effectively observed after 2 h of treatment, demonstrating that these materials have a high potential for controlling these microorganisms in water.

Antiviral properties and molecular docking studies of eco-friendly biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles against alfalfa mosaic virus

BackgroundNanotechnology has been recognized as a viable technology for enhancing agriculture, particularly in the plant pathogen management area. Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) is a global pathogen that affects many plant species, especially economically valuable crops. Currently, there is less data on the interaction of nanoparticles with phytopathogens, particularly viruses. The current study looked into how copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs)-mediated Haloxylon salicornicum aqueous extract can fight AMV infections on tobacco plants.ResultsScanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses showed that CuO-NPs have a spherical and hexagonal structure ranging from 20 to 70 nm in size. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that the produced CuO-NPs have many functional groups and a lot of secondary plant metabolites. Under greenhouse conditions, the foliar application of CuO-NPs (100 ppm) enhanced tobacco growth and decreased viral symptoms. Treatment with CuO-NPs 48 h before (protective treatment) or 48 h after (curative treatment) AMV infection significantly reduced AMV accumulation levels by 97%. Additionally, the levels of total chlorophyll, phenolic, and flavonoid contents, as well as DPPH, exhibited a significant increase in tobacco leaves 30 days after inoculation in comparison to untreated plants. Moreover, considerable differences in levels of different antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, PPO, POX, and CAT, were also observed. On the other hand, the oxidative stress markers (MDA and H2O2) were significantly reduced in CuO-NPs-treated plants compared with non-treated plants. It was also found that the protective treatment increased the expression levels of genes involved in the jasmonic pathway (JERF3 and WRKY1). On the other hand, the curative treatment increased the expression levels of polyphenolic pathway acid (CHI and HQT) and the SA-signaling pathway genes (PR-2 and POD). The study of molecular docking interactions with four AMV target proteins showed that CuO-NPs had high binding energy with the viral replication protein 1a, measured at -3.2 kcal/mol. The binding with these proteins can suppress AMV replication and spread, potentially clarifying the mechanism behind the antiviral effect.ConclusionsThe overall analysis results indicate that the curative treatment is more influential and successful than the protective treatment in combating AMV infection. Consequentially, CuO-NPs could potentially be employed in foliar sprays for the effective and environmentally friendly management of plant virus infections.