Weight Fraction Of Nanoparticles Research Articles

A Numerical Model of Microstructure Formation Considering Nanoparticle Distribution During Selective Laser Melting Process

Abstract One of the widely used metal additive manufacturing processes, named Selective laser melting (SLM), can facilitate the printing of novel metal matrix nanocomposites through the fusion of metallic powders with nanoparticles. The current study proposes a novel numerical model to simulate microstructure formation considering local nanoparticle distribution during the SLM process. The proposed model formulates a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model with Lagrangian particle tracking to simulate a single-track, single-layer SLM process of aluminum alloy reinforced with titanium diboride (chemical formula: TiB2) nanoparticles in ANSYS FLUENT. A very low weight fraction (0.0009%) of nanoparticles was considered due to the computational limitations of the software package. The temperature distribution and particle distribution results were first calculated by the 3D CFD model. Then, the results were one-way coupled to a 2D Cellular Automata (CA) model to predict the microstructure evolution using matlab. The coupled CFD-CA model and Lagrangian particle tracking were separately validated in this study. The results showed that the nanoparticles migrate within the recirculation zones formed by both Marangoni and natural convection in the fluid of the molten pool. The microstructure predicted by this model showed that the introduction of the nanoparticles increased bulk nucleation during solidification. The growth of large columnar grains is interrupted by the formation of randomly oriented small equiaxed grains. The average grain diameter decreased by 40% when nanoparticles were present compared to microstructures without nanoparticles.

Thermal characteristics enhancement of Paraffin Wax Phase Change Material (PCM) for thermal storage applications

This study investigates the integration of graphene nanoplatelets and nano SiO2 into paraffin wax to enhance its thermal energy storage capabilities. Dispersing graphene nanoplatelets and nano SiO2 nanoparticles at weight percentages of 0.5 and 1.0 respectively, in paraffin wax yielded mono and hybrid phase change materials (HYB). Transmission electron microscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to determine the size and phases of secondary particles of graphene nanoplatelets and nano SiO2. Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Thermogravimetric Analysis and Thermal Conductivity Measurement were employed to investigate the impact of hybrid nanoparticles on thermo physical characteristics of paraffin wax. The weight fraction of nano particles distributed in the PCMs is directly related to the enhancement of thermal conductivity of hybrid PCM. The highest enhancement in thermal conductivity was observed when hybrid nanoparticles were present at a weight fraction of 1 %. The analysis shows that mixing graphene nanoplatelets and nano SiO2 with paraffin wax was uniform and the hybrid nanoparticles boosted its thermal conductivity by 38 %, 42 %, and 50 %, respectively. Experimental evidence indicate that the addition of nanoparticles can decrease the melting temperature and increase the solidification temperature of hybrid phase change materials (PCMs). When dispersed in large quantities, nanoparticles can alter properties like latent heat, specific heat, and viscosity. These promising findings suggest that graphene nanoplatelets and nano SiO2 can enhance paraffin wax's thermal properties for thermal storage application.

Sensing characteristics and EPIR Studies on composite manganites: Role of nanoparticles in the micronsized matrix lattice

In the present communication, the electrical transport properties have been investigated for manganite-based composites consisting of different weight fractions of nanoparticles of LaMnO3 (LMO) and polycrystalline La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (LCMO). A complex phase separation scenario has been proposed to understand the hysteretic resistive nature exhibited by manganite matrix composites. The role of complex phase separation has been discussed for the manganite composite resistivity and temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) dependence on temperature, thermal cycle, current and LMO content as well as their sensitivity for voltage and current have also been examined. Observed electric pulse-induced resistance (EPIR) switching in these composites under different applied voltages and magnetic fields have been understood based on a complex phase separation scenario and the formation–rupture of conducting filamentary paths. Tuning of magnetic field-dependent resistance and magnetoresistance (MR) with the influence of different resistance states of LMO–LCMO composites has been understood in depth.

Impact of Different Weight Fractions of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Polyaniline/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites for Thermoelectric Applications

Impact of Different Weight Fractions of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Polyaniline/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites for Thermoelectric Applications

Effect of Water-Based Nanofluids on the Generation of Entropy in a Shell and Helical Coil Heat Exchanger

A forced convection finding proves that entropy was generated as a result of the heat transfer between the fluids on the coil and the fluids on the shell side. It was found that entropy generation was affected by nanofluid concentration, coil-side fluid flow rate, shell-side fluid temperature, and agitator speed (500 rpm, 1000 rpm, and 1500 rpm) in this paper. The nanoparticle (Al2O3, CuO, and TiO2) weight fractions ranged from 0.3 to 2%. This paper investigates the friction entropy generation rate, the entropy generation ratio, and the thermal entropy generation rate of various nanofluids in laminar and turbulent flow conditions, using existing correlations to guide the investigation. The results revealed that the generation of entropy increased as the Dean number, SS, and fluid temperature on the shell side of the reactor were increased in the laboratory. And, found that the maximum entropy generation rate of Al2O3/water, CuO/water, and TiO2/water nanofluids occurred at 56.4 percent by weight of the nanofluid, 62.1 percent by weight of the nanofluid, and 48.1 percent by weight of the nanofluid.

Green synthesized 3D coconut shell biochar/polyethylene glycol composite as thermal energy storage material

Developing stable, economic, safer and carbon-based nanoparticles from agro solid waste facilitates a new dimension of advancement for eco-friendly nanomaterials in competition to existing nanoparticles. Herewith, a three dimensional highly porous honeycomb structured carbon-based coconut shell (CS) nanoparticle is prepared through green synthesis technique using tube furnace to energies organic phase change material (PCM). CS nanoparticle synthesis using a green approach is incorporated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) using a two-step technique to develop PEG/CS nanocomposite PCM. Thermophysical features of the nanocomposites are characterized using transient hot bridge (ThB), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), whereas optical property and chemical stability is evaluated using UV–Vis and FTIR spectrometers. Resulting nanocomposite demonstrates higher thermal conductivity by 114.5 % (improved from 0.24 W/m⋅K to 0.515 W/m⋅K). Energy storage enthalpy increased from 141.2 J/g to 150.1 J/g with 1.0 % weight fraction of CS nanoparticles. Optical absorbance of the nanocomposite is improved by 2.14 times compared to base PCM. The developed nanocomposite samples exhibit extreme thermal stability up to 215 °C. The 3D porous structure of CS nanoparticles shows better contact area with PEG, causing low interfacial thermal resistance for improved thermal network channels and pathways for extra heat transfer and phonon propagation.

Studies on the thermal characteristics of nano-enhanced paraffin wax phase change material (PCM) for thermal storage applications

The purpose of this research is to improve the thermal energy storage properties of paraffin wax by adding nanoparticles, such as Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) and nano SiO2.Dispersing MWNCTs and SiO2 nanoparticles at weight percentages of 0.5 and 1.0 respectively, in paraffin wax resulted in mono and hybrid nanoparticles enhanced PCM (HnPCMs). Transmission Electron Microscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, and X-ray Diffraction were used to characterize the nanoparticles and fabricated PCMS. Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Thermogravimetric Analysis, and Thermal Conductivity Measurement are employed to investigate how hybrid nanoparticles impact the thermo physical characteristics of paraffin wax. The weight fraction of nanoparticles dispersed in the PCMs is directly proportional to the improvement of the heat conductivity of the composite. To get the most benefit from an increase in thermal conductivity, use a weight fraction of hybrid nanoparticles that is equal to or >1 %. The results of the analysis indicate that the fusion of SiO2 and MWNCTs nanoparticles with paraffin wax was homogeneous and the nanoparticles enhanced the thermal conductivity of the paraffin wax to 32 %, 40 %, and 46 %, respectively with HnPCM 2 to HnPCM 4. The melting and solidification temperatures of PCM can be lowered and raised, respectively, by dispersing nanoparticles, as demonstrated experimentally. Other properties, such as latent heat, specific heat, and viscosity may be impacted by the dispersion of excessive nanoparticles. These promising findings demonstrated that nanoparticles, specifically MWCNT and SiO2 might be employed to improve paraffin wax's thermal characteristics for thermal energy storage.

Experimental study on the flexural, hardness, and tensile properties of pineapple and jute fiber-reinforced composite with SiC nanoparticles

This scientific investigation delves into the effects of minuscule particles created from a mixture of silicon and carbon, known as SiC nanoparticles, on the flexural, hardness, and tensile properties of composites made from fibers obtained from pineapple and jute. The researchers used a manual layering technique to make these composites, by blending varying amounts of fibers and SiC nanoparticles. Then proceeded to subject the composites to a series of tests to determine their resistance to bending, strength, and ability to bear tensile forces before breaking. The findings of the research reveal that the inclusion of SiC nanoparticles in the composites made from pineapple and jute fibers led to a significant improvement in their mechanical properties such as strength, stiffness, and toughness. The composites made using a greater proportion of fibers and nanoparticles exhibited the most substantial strength and stiffness. The addition of SiC nanoparticles also contributed to an increase in the composites' hardness, with the jute fiber composite displaying more improvement than the pineapple fiber composite. In terms of tensile strength and toughness, the composites with higher weight fractions of fibers and SiC nanoparticles displayed superior performance, with the jute fiber composite outperforming the pineapple fiber composite. These results suggest that utilizing SiC nanoparticles in composites made from natural fibers like pineapple and jute holds promise for producing premium quality materials that could serve multiple industries. Nevertheless, further studies are essential to refine the fabrication process and evaluate the long-term durability and performance of these composites. Overall, this research demonstrates the potential of using natural fiber-reinforced composites with nanoparticles to create sustainable, high-performance materials.

Influence of SiC nanoparticle contents on microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior of AZ91D magnesium matrix composites synthesised through a combination of a master pellet feeding technique and stir casting assisted by ultrasonic vibration

In this current study, an integrated approach involving a master pellet feeding technique and stir casting assisted by ultrasonic treatment processing was employed to fabricate AZ91D magnesium matrix nanocomposites reinforced with various concentrations of SiC nanoparticles (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt%). The influence of the nanoparticle feeding method and the weight fraction of reinforcement on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91D/SiC composites was thoroughly examined. The microstructural analysis revealed that the implementation of a master pellet feeding approach resulted in a relatively uniform dispersion of SiC nanoparticles within the primary α–Mg phase, whereas the original nanoparticle feeding method led to noticeable particle agglomeration in the microstructure. Additionally, with an increasing weight fraction of SiC nanoparticles, the primary α-Mg grain became finer and the β-Mg17Al12 intermetallic phase turned smaller. The hardness and tensile properties of AZ91D/SiC composites were significantly enhanced with increasing SiC contents. The addition of 2.0 wt% SiC reinforcements to the AZ91D magnesium alloy resulted in a maximal hardness increase of 41 %. Nevertheless, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation (%EL) decreased when the SiC content exceeded 2.0 wt% due to the presence of increased porosity content and particle clusters in the microstructure. Notably, the AZ91D/1.5 wt% SiC composite exhibited promising tensile properties, with yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation (%EL) values of 151 MPa, 192 MPa, and 4.54 %, respectively.

Bio-waste mediated synthesis of zirconium nanoparticle fuel: Energy management strategy for performance evaluation in a diesel engine

The impact of biosynthesized zirconium nanoparticles originated from biological waste, blended in diesel fuel processed through bio-refining strategy and its combustion, emissions, and overall diesel engine performance towards safety has been examined. Different weight fractions of zirconia nanoparticles were combined with crude diesel at 10, 20, and 30 mg/L values. According to the engine tests, Zirconia (20 nm) added to pure diesel at a concentration of 30 parts per million incremented thermal efficiencies by 4.9% compared to regular diesel fuel. The average reduction in specific fuel consumption for clean diesel fuel when the engine was operating at full power was 2.9%, 3.9%, and 4.9%. Diesel smoke, hydrocarbon, CO, and NOx emissions were reduced by 13%, 20%, 25%, and 29%, respectively, when nano additives were used at a concentration of 30 ppm.Nanoparticles enhance fuel stability, overcome detonation difficulties, and avoid fouling spark plugs. The pressure within cylinder, the temperature, and the rate at which heat is released was improved when alumina nanoparticles were appended to diesel fuel. However, both the length of the combustion and further delay in ignition were cut down. The ideal concentration of zirconia nanoparticles for improving combustion, efficiency, and emissions along with safety attainment in an internal combustion engine is recorded at 30 ppm.

Bioactive Dental Resin Composites with MgO Nanoparticles.

Photoactivating dental resin composites have been the most prevailing material for repairing dental defects in various clinical scenarios due to their multiple advantages. However, compared to other restorative materials, the surface of resin-based composites is more susceptible to plaque biofilm accumulation, which can lead to secondary caries and restoration failure. This study introduced different weight fractions (1, 2, 5, 10, and 15%) of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) as antibacterial fillers into dental resin composites. Multifarious properties of the material were investigated, including antibacterial activity against a human salivary plaque-derived biofilm, cytotoxicity on human gingival fibroblasts, mechanical and physicochemical properties as well as the performance when subjected to thermocycling aging treatment. Results showed that the incorporation of MgONPs significantly improved the composites' anti-biofilm capability even at a low amount of 2 wt % without compromising the mechanical, physicochemical, and biocompatibility performances. The results of the thermocycling test suggested certain of aging resistance. Moreover, a small amount of MgONPs possibly made a difference in enhancing photoactivated polymerization and increasing the curing depth of experimental resin composites. Overall, this study highlights the potential of MgONPs as an effective strategy for developing antibacterial resin composites, which may help mitigating cariogenic biofilm-associated secondary caries.

Experimental investigation of thermo-physical and tribological properties of oil-based graphene oxide nano-fluid using two types of polysorbate (tween 20 and tween 80)

In this paper, the effect of adding Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) nano-particles to engine base oil (Poly-Alpha-Olefin-PAO) on the thermo-physical properties of nano-fluid such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, and friction coefficient, are investigated numerically and experimentally. To keep the nano-fluid stable, before using ultrasonic waves, two types of polysorbate (tween 20 and tween 80) as surfactants were added to four concentrations of 0.01, 0.02, 0.0375, and 0.05 wt%, and the effects of nano-particles were studied to find the best combination in terms of viscosity, thermal conductivity, and friction coefficient, which made the nan-fluid quite stable during the tests procedure. The results showed with good accuracy that the final nano-fluid was Newtonian and its viscosity was very similar to the base oil. An increase of 7% was observed between 25 °C and 75 °C and for the concentration of 0.02 wt%. Thermal conductivity was raised in all states with an increase in concentration and the highest effect was 8% in the concentration of 0.05 wt%. The friction tests proved a desirable decrease of as much as 45% in friction coefficient compared to base oil and 28% compared to common anti-friction material used in industry for the optimum concentration which was 0.02 wt%. In addition, experimental data were compared to the models presented in the literature and the models that could describe the behavior of this nano-fluid in the best way were reported, and an empirical equation (for each surfactant) is developed to show the variation of COF with nano-particles weight fraction in the nano-fluid.

Mechanical characterization of nano-CaCO3 inclusions reinforced PPS/GF polymer hybrid composites

The current work investigates the mechanical properties of hybrid composite deals with nano-calcium carbonate compounded with 40 wt. % of glass fiber (GF) incorporated with Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) composites. The primary objective was to evaluate the effect of varying weight fractions of nano-CaCO3 (3%, 5%, and 7%) on the tensile and hardness properties of the composites at ambient conditions. It is found that tensile strength, strain, extension at a breakpoint, energy to break, young’s modulus properties, and hardness of fabricated composites significantly improved with varying in the weight fraction (φf) of the nanoparticle inclusions (3%, 5% and 7%). Tensile properties were enhanced by up to 3% weight fraction of nanoparticles, and hardness was improved by up to 5% weight fraction of nano inclusions. The work’s findings enhanced tensile strength by 8%, tensile strain, and tensile extension at breakpoint strength by 5.42%, improvement of young’s modulus by 40%, tensile energy by 14%, and improvement of brinell hardness number by 3.14%. The fractured surfaces of the composites were analyzed using SEM to study the surface morphology of the ternary composites.

A novel numerical method for stochastic study of fiber-reinforced composites with nanoparticles under impact loading

Nanoparticle-reinforced composites have caught attention due to their enhanced properties and wide potential use. However, the uncertainty in the distribution of nanoparticles during the manufacturing poses several challenges when deterministic numerical methods are used to model their mechanical behavior, following a macro homogeneous approach. In this work, a stochastic numerical method based on finite element modeling is proposed to simulate the inhomogeneous distribution of nanoparticles inside the composite, focusing on low-velocity impact. Each element in the finite element model is regarded as a unit cell with a constant weight fraction of nanoparticles, while the random distribution of nanoparticles is described by a variable weight fraction among elements following a Gaussian distribution. This distribution is related to the mechanical behavior of the unit cell inside the model and it was defined based on material characterization tests for different nanoparticles weight fractions. To validate the proposed model, experimental low-velocity impact tests, at different energy levels, on composites reinforced with nanoparticles (0.5 wt.%) were carried out. The numerical method was assessed by comparing experimental results in terms of mechanical response and damage phenomena. The current numerical methodology was found to contribute to uncertainty investigation based on a mixed experimental-numerical analysis.

Hybrid effect of GNPs, GOs, and CNTs on the flexural and compressive strengths of cement paste

This paper presents the individual and synergic effects of Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs), Graphene Oxides (GOs) and Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) on the flexural and compressive strengths of cement paste. Mixes containing several nanoparticle types and weight fractions were prepared with Polycarboxylate ether (PCE) surfactant and tested after 90 days of curing. After that, the microstructure of the failed samples was studied using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Response Surface Methodologies (RSM) techniques were then employed to determine the strength functions' response to the nanofilaments' types and weight fractions. Finally, a cost analysis was done to evaluate the mixes' performance in-terms of strength and cost. Test results showed that the flexural strength of cement paste could be enhanced by 57.33% when using 0.04 wt % GOs. The results also showed that mixes containing 0.08 wt % GOs and 0.12 wt % CNTs improved the flexural strength by 47.03 and 44.38%, respectively when compared with the control cement paste mix. In-terms of compressive strength, mixes containing 0.04 wt % GNPs attained the highest compressive strength improvement of 15.7% when compared with the control mix. In hybrid mixes containing more than one nanoparticle type, the best synergistic action was generated between 50% CNTs and 50% GOs at a total dosage of 0.04% wt, where the compressive strength increased by 20.2%. The microstructural analysis showed good dispersion qualities and nanoparticles embedment within cement hydration products. On the other hand, RSM analysis showed that the maximum compressive and flexural strength functions' responses are obtained at the lowest nanofilaments’ weight fraction of 0.04 wt %. The desirability analysis confirmed that the compressive and flexural strengths of cement paste could be improved by 7 and 53%, respectively, using the predicted formulas. Finally, the cost analysis showed that GO-modified cement pastes are considerably more expensive than other mixes, yielding the lowest economic index.

The Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Properties and Pressure Drop of a Corrugated Plate Heat Exchanger Using a Chemically Synthesised Zinc Oxide/Alkaline Water Nano Fluid

An experiment is performed to study the effects of chemically synthesized Zinc Oxide-Alkaline/water nanofluid on the pressure drop and heat convection properties of a corrugated plate heat exchanger. Nanofluids are chemically synthesised ZnO nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 200 nm to 99% purity. The weight and Reynolds number of these particles are studied to define the heat transfer properties of the finished products. The heat transfer characteristics of chemically produced ZnO are examined as a work of weight percentage and Reynolds number. In addition, the effect of adding nanoparticles to alkaline water on heat transfer coefficient is studied. The effect of increasing the nanoparticle weight concentrations and Reynolds number on the heat transfer characteristics of chemically produced ZnO-Alkaline/Water nano fluid is investigated. The results show that increasing the weight concentration of nanofluid in the corrugated plate heat exchanger enhances the heat transfer properties. At 0.2%, 0.6%, and 1.0% weight fractions of nanoparticles, the highest argumentation of the nanofluid heat transfer rate is approximately 8.6%, 16.7%, and 29.4%, respectively.

Evaluating the effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on the thermal energy storage characteristics of the inorganic PCM

Thermal storage with phase changing materials (PCM) has got the attention of the researchers in recent days. Among the PCMs, inorganic salt hydrates are having high potential to act as thermal storing medium due to their large latent content. However, they lack large-degree supercooling and have issues with phase segregation. In the present study, the thermal characteristics of sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT) have been studied under the influence of different weight fractions (0.0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0%) of MgO nanoparticles (nano-MgO). Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been used as the thickener, and nano-MgO has been tested as the nucleating medium. The results demonstrated that the use of 0.75% nano-MgO with SAT is suggested as the best composition to augment the thermal characteristics of SAT PCM. With 0.75% nano-MgO, the supercooling of the SAT was reduced to 0.32 °C, and the thermal conductivity of the SAT was enhanced by 40.94%. Nonetheless, the latent heat of the SAT PCM had not been significantly affected by the addition of nano-MgO until its fraction of 0.75%.

Thermal Degradation Studies and Machine Learning Modelling of Nano-Enhanced Sugar Alcohol-Based Phase Change Materials for Medium Temperature Applications

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was utilised to compare the thermal stability of pure phase change material (D-mannitol) to that of nano-enhanced PCM (NEPCM) (i.e., PCM containing 0.5% and 1% multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)). Using model-free kinetics techniques, the kinetics of pure PCM and NEPCM degradation were analysed. Three different kinetic models such as Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), and the Starink were applied to assess the activation energies of the pure and nano-enhanced PCM samples. Activation energies for pure PCM using the Ozawa, KAS, and Starink methods ranged from 71.10–77.77, 79.36–66.87, and 66.53–72.52 kJ/mol, respectively. NEPCM’s (1% MWCNT) activation energies ranged from 76.59–59.11, 71.52–52.28, and 72.15–53.07 kJ/mol. Models of machine learning were utilised to predict the degradation of NEPCM samples; these included linear regression, support vector regression, random forests, gaussian process regression, and artificial neural network models. The mass loss of the sample functioned as the output parameter, while the addition of nanoparticles weight fraction, the heating rate, and the temperature functioned as the input parameters. Experiment-based TGA data can be accurately predicted using the created machine learning models.

Numerical and experimental investigation on the melting heat transfer of nanographene-enhanced phase change material composites for thermal energy storage applications

Phase change materials (PCMs) low thermal conductivity limit the performance of latent heat thermal energy storage systems. To enhance the thermal conductivity of the heat storage medium, highly conductive additives could be added to the base PCM. Hence, the present work aims to perform numerical and experimental investigations on the melting heat transfer of the PCM (OM 65) loaded with highly conductive graphene nanoparticles (GNPs) at weight fractions of 1%, 2%, and 3%. Based on the aforementioned weight fractions of graphene nanoparticles in the PCM, the nanographene-enhanced PCM (NPCM) composites are named NPCM 1, NPCM 2, and NPCM 3 respectively. The temperature-dependant thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity were measured. A transient heat transfer during the melting of the PCM and NPCMs in a two-dimensional rectangular domain heated from the bottom-up configuration was considered for the numerical study. The base temperature was maintained at a constant temperature (Th = 70 °C), and the remaining walls are adiabatic. The transient variation of liquid fraction and temperature were presented. The PCM and NPCMs are experimentally studied using the proposed three-dimensional rectangular test section with twenty-four thermocouples and a temperature logger. Compared to the base PCM, the reduction in melting time from the numerical and experimental study was 37.5% and 36.5% for NPCM 3. It was evident that adding GNPs to PCM enhances its thermal conductivity. However, the higher concentration of GNPs could drastically increase the NPCMs viscosity, as well as cause agglomeration and sedimentation of GNPs during melting. Therefore, adding a maximum of 3wt% GNPs into the PCM was recommended.

Influence of incorporation carbon nanoparticles CNP on the mechanical properties of polystyrene composite

Polymer nanocomposites have recently received a lot of attention as they are anticipated to be used in a variety of applications. In this study, the effect of adding carbon nanoparticles to polystyrene and using Injection molding technique are investigated. The impact of adding different weight fractions of carbon nanoparticles (CNP) on tensile properties, impact strength and hardness performance of polystyrene polymer were measured. Tensile and impact strength increased with the addition of nanoparticles (CNP). The polymer composites with 0.025 wt.% CNP demonstrated maximum tensile and impact strength compared to pure polystyrene. Also, the maximum value of hardness appeared at 0.1 wt.% of CNP finally cracks are found in higher CNP concentration compared with lower percentages of CNP.