Representing a practical criterion for sorting captured circulating tumor cells (CTCs) based on the cancer progression stage is a new approach that recently received traction. High-throughput, rapid, and cost-effective microfluidic systems that allow for high-efficiency separation and continuous inertial focusing are needed. The goal of the present study is to design of such systems via computational modeling and experimental tests. We propose a new microfluidic device that uses magnetic nanoparticles to label surface biomarkers on CTCs to isolate, focus and sort CTCs based on their cancer progression stage. By eliminating sheath flow interference that may result in harming cell survival, the proposed microchip can successfully determine the progression of cancer by arranging cells in one step. Additionally, the proposed device allows for rapid, efficient separation of the blood cells (RBCs and WBCs) and CTCs in the shortest length of the channel.