Nanomaterials In Industry Research Articles

Interfacial engineering of 0D–2D hierarchical MXene@PEI@AgNC nanohybrids to achieve flame retardant, mechanical and antibacterial properties of ABS nanocomposites

It is an intractable challenge that the hierarchical MXene-based nanohybrid fillers are intended to modify the inherent flammability and easily breeding bacteria property of ABS polymeric materials, thereby facilitating wide applicability of ABS composites. Here, an interface engineering strategy was proposed, wherein polyethyleneimine (PEI)-modified silver nanocubes (AgNCs) was firmly assembled on MXenes via electrostatic interaction to construct 0D–2D hierarchical MXene-based nanohybrids (MXene@PEI@AgNC). The MXene was protected and the interface compatibility between MXene-based nanohybrid and ABS matrix was enhanced. Results revealed that the unique hierarchical structure of the composite promoted enhanced dispersion of MXene@PEI@AgNC in the ABS matrix. Combustion tests showed that 1.0 wt%MXene@PEI@AgNC provided the ABS with effective fire safety. Moreover, ABS-1.0 wt%MXene@PEI@AgNC exhibited a 31.88 % decrease in peak heat release rate, a 39.60 % decrease in peak smoke release rate, a 41.50 % decrease in peak CO2 production rate, and a 50.04 % reduction in the smoke factor. Meanwhile, 1.0 wt%MXene@PEI@AgNC improved the tensile strength of ABS-1.0 %MXene@PEI@AgNC (+18.1 %) without reducing the elongation at break. They also enhanced the antibacterial properties of ABS-1.0 %MXene@PEI@AgNC. This study proposed a novel and feasible approach to address the interfacial stability of MXene and to construct MXene-based hierarchical nanoblends, thereby facilitating the wide practical applications of polymeric nanomaterials in industry.

Bridging the gap: Innovative human-based in vitro approaches for nanomaterials hazard assessment and their role in safe and sustainable by design, risk assessment, and life cycle assessment

The application of nanomaterials in industry and consumer products is growing exponentially, which has pressed the development and use of predictive human in vitro models in pre-clinical analysis to closely extrapolate potential toxic effects in vivo. The conventional cytotoxicity investigation of nanomaterials using cell lines from cancer origin and culturing them two-dimensionally in a monolayer without mimicking the proper pathophysiological microenvironment may affect a precise prediction of in vitro effects at in vivo level. In recent years, complex in vitro models (also belonging to the new approach methodologies, NAMs) have been established in unicellular to multicellular cultures either by using cell lines, primary cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and reconstituted into relevant biological dimensions mimicking in vivo conditions. These advanced in vitro models retain physiologically reliant exposure scenarios particularly appropriate for oral, dermal, respiratory, and intravenous administration of nanomaterials, which have the potential to improve the in vivo predictability and lead to reliable outcomes. In this perspective, we discuss recent developments and breakthroughs in using advanced human in vitro models for hazard assessment of nanomaterials. We identified fit-for-purpose requirements and remaining challenges for the successful implementation of in vitro data into nanomaterials Safe and Sustainable by Design (SSbD), Risk Assessment (RA), and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). By addressing the gap between in vitro data generation and the utility of in vitro data for nanomaterial safety assessments, a prerequisite for SSbD approaches, we outlined potential key areas for future development.

A Numerical Simulation of the Magneto-Micropolar Nanofluid Flow Configured by the Stimulus Energies and Chemical Interaction

Inspired by the numerous applications of non-Newtonian nanomaterials in science and industries, the two-dimensional convective hydromagnetic movement in a micropolar nanofluid within an expanding permeable surface with the existence of binary chemical reaction and convective boundary constraints is examined in this study. Thermal radiation, energy generation, and activation energy interactions are employed to handle the nanofluid flow. The underlying equations are transformed via the similarity transitions into an array of non-linear ODE. The BVP4C MATLAB package is applied to solve the system of equations numerically. The necessary outcomes of the micropolar fluid velocity, micro-rotation, temperature, concentration, friction factor, mass transfer, and heat transfer rates are shown graphically and thoroughly analyzed quantitatively. The micropolar nanofluid’s mobility is reduced by the heating and solutal Grashof numbers. It is noted that the magnetic coefficient decreases velocity, it has the opposite impact on the degree of temperature. The plotted outcomes also show that the temperature increases as the increase in stimulation radiation variable. Meanwhile, the thermal field exhibits strengthen as the intensity of Biot number and Eckert number responses enhances. The growth of the activation energy leads to a noticeable enrichment in the concentration profile.

Applications of Advanced Nanomaterials in Biomedicine, Pharmaceuticals, Agriculture, and Food Industry

Applications of Advanced Nanomaterials in Biomedicine, Pharmaceuticals, Agriculture, and Food Industry

The Future of Protection: Unleashing the Power of Nanotech against Corrosion

Corrosion and nanomaterials application gives a complete understanding of corrosion, a pervasive and costly problem that affects a variety of industries worldwide. This study investigates the negative effects of corrosion on infrastructure, safety, and product durability by examining its natural processes and various forms. Regardless of their relative effectiveness, intrinsic restrictions typically limit conventional corrosion control techniques. This article aims to investigate the topic of nanomaterials, which are rapidly emerging and have the potential to significantly reduce corrosion. This abstract delves into the fascinating world of nanomaterials, which range in size from 1 to 100 nanometres, and explores their remarkable powers. Nanomaterials offer substantial advancements in corrosion management, such as better coatings, self-healing mechanisms, and even "smart" coatings with sensing capabilities. The article focuses on the potential benefits of employing nanoparticles for corrosion management, drawing on recent research and imaginative applications. Nanotechnology enables the creation of novel solutions like superior barriers, increased durability, self-repairing capabilities, and targeted corrosion avoidance. However, hurdles remain as the abstract investigates the complexities of manufacturing costs, uncertainty about long-term efficiency, potential environmental effects, and scalability problems associated with adding nanomaterials to corrosion control systems. Understanding corrosion and nanomaterial applications provides essential insights into the fundamental mechanics of corrosion, as well as the significant impact of nanotechnology. This abstract aims to encourage academics, engineers, and policymakers to use nanomaterials to address the ongoing problem of corrosion. Its goal is to promote the use of nanomaterials in diverse industries by giving interdisciplinary insights and forward-thinking ideas that improve durability, safety, and sustainability. Corrosion, a relentless degrader of infrastructure and industrial assets, necessitates novel approaches to mitigate its negative impacts. Nanotechnology has lately emerged as a promising frontier in corrosion mitigation, presenting unrivalled opportunities for improved protection and a longer service life. This paper examines the current state of nanotechnology-based corrosion protection, discusses key obstacles and prospects, and makes recommendations for future advances. Nanotechnology's ability to manipulate materials at the atomic and molecular level has transformed the field of corrosion protection. Nanomaterials, which include nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and nanocoatings, have distinct features that make them particularly effective in inhibiting corrosion start-up and propagation. Nanotech-based solutions outperform conventional coatings in terms of adhesion, barrier characteristics, and chemical resistance, thanks to precise engineering and surface modification approaches. Despite tremendous advancements, broad implementation of nanotechnology-based corrosion prevention confronts challenges. Standardisation and regulation are critical for ensuring the safety, reliability, and environmental sustainability of nanomaterials and coatings. Academics, industry, and regulating authorities must work together to provide comprehensive criteria for material synthesis, characterization, and application. Initiatives that promote education and awareness are critical for accelerating the use of nanotechnology in corrosion protection. Training programmes and knowledge-sharing platforms can provide engineers and industry experts with the necessary skills and competence to properly implement nanotech-based solutions. Public communication efforts emphasizing the benefits of nanotechnology in maintaining infrastructure integrity can garner support from stakeholders and governments. The future possibilities for nanotech-based corrosion prevention are very promising. Advances in nanomaterial production techniques provide unparalleled control over material properties, paving the way for the creation of tailored coatings with superior performance characteristics. Integration with other emerging technologies, like artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things (IoT), has the potential to improve corrosion monitoring and management approaches. Furthermore, the creation of self-healing nanoparticles constitutes a significant advancement in corrosion protection. Inspired by biological systems, self-healing nanocomposites can repair corrosion-induced damage on their own, prolonging the service life of infrastructure assets and lowering lifecycle costs. Continued investment in research and development is crucial to realising nanotechnology's full promise for corrosion protection and ushering in a new era of resilience and dependability. Nanotechnology provides transformative corrosion control solutions that have the potential to revolutionise a variety of industrial sectors. By addressing important obstacles and capitalising on emerging opportunities, we can use nanotechnology to protect infrastructure, conserve resources, and assure long-term growth for future generations.

Exploring the Effects of Graphene-Based Nanoparticles on Early Salmonids Cardiorespiratory Responses, Swimming and Nesting Behavior.

Graphene-based nanomaterials are exceptionally attractive for a wide range of applications, raising the likelihood of the release of graphene-containing nanoparticles into aquatic environments. The growing use of these carbon nanomaterials in different industries highlights the crucial need to investigate their environmental impact and evaluate potential risks to living organisms. The current investigation evaluated the nanotoxicity of graphene (nanoflakes) and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles on the cardiorespiratory responses (heart rate, gill ventilation frequency), as well as the swimming and nesting behavioral parameters of early stage larvae and juvenile salmonids. Both short-term (96 h) and long-term (23 days) exposure experiments were conducted using two common species: brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The findings demonstrated notable alterations in fish nesting behavior, swimming performance, and cardiorespiratory functions, indicating the potential toxicity of nanoparticles. This impact was observed at both physiological and whole-organismal levels in salmonids at early stages. Future investigations should explore different types of nanocarbons and their potential enduring effects on fish population structure, considering not only individual survival but also broader aspects of development, including feeding, reproductive, and other social dynamics.

Assessing nanosafety protocols: a tool for evaluating effectiveness and identifying areas for improvement: TI: ASUN

The increasing use of nanomaterials in industries has heightened concerns regarding workplace safety and risk management. Exposure to nanomaterials is associated with health risks, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurodegenerative disorders, necessitating the implementation of nanosafety protocols by companies. However, assessing the effectiveness of nanosafety systems poses challenges due to the specialized nature of this field. This study introduces a novel nanosafety assessment tool designed to evaluate workplace nanosafety systems. The tool consists of 47 carefully crafted questions aligned with the European Union’s nanosafety recommendations. These questions underwent rigorous evaluation by a panel of five experts in the field to ensure relevance and effectiveness. This assessment tool serves as a valuable resource for companies to conduct preliminary evaluations of their nanosafety practices, enabling the identification of areas requiring improvement.

A comprehensive study on applications of nanomaterials in petroleum upstream and downstream industry.

Nanotechnology has emerged as a revolutionary technology that has been applied in the oil and gas industry for over a decade, spanning the upstream, midstream, and downstream sectors. Nanotechnology has made significant contributions to the exploration of crude oil and natural gas, both in underground and deep-water environments. It has also played a crucial role in improving the drilling process, enabling the extraction of oil and gas resources from beneath the Earth's surface. Nanoparticles, with their unique physical and chemical properties, such as high specific surface area, high pore volume, and small size, have demonstrated considerable potential in the oil industry. Extensive research has been conducted to explore various types of nanoparticles for advanced applications, including oil exploration, drilling, production, and enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Moreover, nanomaterials have found applications in downstream and intermediate sectors, such as crude oil refining, natural gas processing, and transportation and storage of petroleum products. Ongoing advancements in nanomaterial synthesis methods, the exploration of new nanomaterial uses, and understanding the remarkable properties of nanomaterials will continue to make them increasingly valuable in the oil and gas sector. The oil and gas industry recognises the potential of nanotechnology and nanoparticles and is investing significantly in research and development in this area. This comprehensive review aims to summarise successful applications of nanotechnology while addressing associated challenges. It serves as a valuable resource for future research and application endeavours in the field, highlighting the potential of nanotechnology in the oil and gas industry.

Carbon nanofibers caused oxidative stress and disrupted anti-predator responses in common spiny loach

Carbon nanofibers, recently recognized pollutants, have been heavily used among the nanomaterials in many industries. Due to the poor suspension-stability, carbon nanofibers tend to sediment at the bottom of waterbodies and hence can be consumed by the bottom-dwellers. The current investigation evaluates the impact of carbon nanofibers at concentrations between 0.1 and 10 mg L−1 on the common bottom dweller spiny loach Lepidocephalichthys thermalis inhabiting Indian rivers. Carbon nanofiber exposure elevated the activities of the hepatic antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase, as oxidative stress markers. The fish behaviour patterns were examined by testing the effect of carbon nanofibers on predator recognition ability using kairomones, conspecific alarm cues, and dietary cues. The carbon nanofiber-exposed fish showed a loss of predator-recognition abilities. The results collectively demonstrated the carbon nanofiber driven hepatic oxidative damage and impaired predator-recognition ability in L. thermalis. The investigation, first of its kind, highlights the toxic potential of the carbon nanofibers on benthic fishes.

BIOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF COBALT NANOPARTICLES

There is a need for competitive techniques for the synthesis of nanomaterials in the materials science research industry. Nanomaterials have significant relevance in the emerging technologies and cobalt nanoparticle being a modern nanomaterial is in high demand in this regard. In this research, cobalt nanoparticles have been synthesised through a simplified combined chemical-plant based technique which is non-toxic to the environment and most importantly less time consuming. The obtained cobalt nanoparticles were crystalline with uniformly distributed sizes, spherical in shape with little pores along the particles. The technique was simple and it can be replicated in the synthesis of other metal nanoparticles.

Plants anatomically engineered by nanomaterials

Anatomical characteristics are essential in determining the stress that affects plants. In addition, they provided a piece of evidence for environmental pollution. The increasing use of nanomaterials (EnNos) in industries, medicine, agriculture, and all fields. Nanomaterials also have many uses as a new science; they have toxic effects that have not been studied well. Therefore, this research was interested in recording recent studies on (EnNos) and their impact on the anatomical characteristics of plants. Moreover, the possibility of using anatomical characteristics as evidence of nano contamination (nanotoxicity) in plants comprises a crucial living component of the ecosystem. Studies on the effect of EnNos (carbon) on plant anatomy indicated that excess EnNos content affects the anatomical structure of the plant from the vital structures of the root, stem and leaves. Toxicological effect on xylem and phylum vessels from toxicological studies to date, Toxicological effects on EnNos of various kinds can be toxic if they are not bound to a substrate or freely circulating in living systems. Different types of EnNos, behavior, and plant capacity generate different paths. Moreover, different, or even conflicting, conclusions have been drawn from most studies on the interactions of EnNos with plants. Therefore, this paper comprehensively reviews studies on different types of carbon EnNos and their interactions with different plant species at the anatomical responses. Keywords: Anatomical characteristics, nanomaterials, nanotoxicity, Fullerene and Carbon Nanotubes

Combined analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics on the cumulative effect of nano-titanium dioxide on mulberry seedlings.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are among the most widely used inorganic nanomaterials in industry, medicine and food additives. There are increasing concerns regarding their potential risks to plants and the environment. Mulberry trees are widely grown in China due to their high survival rate and ability to aid ecological recovery. Herein, the effects of TiO2 NPs with different concentrations (100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/L) on the growth and physiology of the mulberry tree were systematically evaluated in aspects of physiology, transcriptomics and metabolomics. Results showed that TiO2 NPs could be absorbed by the mulberry sapling root system and be transferred to the plant shoot. This results in the destruction of mulberry sapling root and leaf tissue. Furthermore, the number of chloroplasts and their pigment contents were reduced and the homeostasis of metal ions was disrupted. The toxic effects of TiO2 NPs attenuated the mulberry sapling's stress resistance, the contents of malondialdehyde in 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L 400 mg/L and 800 mg/L treatment groups increased by 87.70%, 91.36%, 96.57% and 192.19% respectively compared with the control group. The transcriptomic data showed that TiO2 NPs treatment mainly affected the expression of genes related to energy synthesis and transport, protein metabolism, and response to stress. Meanwhile, the results of metabolomics showed that 42 metabolites produced significant differences in mulberry, of which 26 differential metabolites were up-regulated in expression and 16 differential metabolites were down-regulated, mainly including metabolic pathways such as secondary metabolite biosynthesis, citric acid cycle, and tricarboxylic acid cycle, and was not conducive to the seed germination and or growth of the mulberry sapling. This study enriches the understanding of the effects of TiO2 NPs on plants and provides a reference for the comprehensive scientific assessment of the potential risks of nanomaterials on plants.

An Introduction to Scanning Electron Microscopy and Science Communication Skills for Undergraduate Chemistry Students

Despite the growing importance of nanomaterials in numerous industries, most undergraduate chemistry students are unlikely to encounter characterization techniques common in the field during their education. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a common technique for materials characterization widely used in careers chemistry students are likely to pursue. However, this technique, and others like it, are virtually inaccessible to undergraduate students. In this activity, we used an SEM simulator in a Physical Chemistry lab activity to familiarize students with the technique. As the calls for more effective communication skills among chemistry graduates increase, we used a framework for effective SciComm to teach students to interpret the SEM images. To present the images they generated and demonstrate their understanding of SEM and how it works, students created products based on scenarios with different audiences, purposes, and formats. This type of activity could be used to make typically inaccessible techniques accessible to undergraduates and offer an opportunity for students to practice their SciComm skills.

Nanomaterials in food industry for the protection from mycotoxins: an update.

The storage of food grains against the fungal infection has been a great challenge to the farmers, but nanotechnology provides a solution to address this problem. The application of nanotechnology for the storage of food grains replaces synthetic fungicides in agriculture. Inorganic nanoparticles such as silver and zinc oxide are well-known for their antifungal activity. Green synthesized nanoparticles show enhanced antimicrobial activity than the chemically synthesized nanoparticles. Extracts and essential oils derived from plants exhibit very good antifungal properties. The synthesized nanoparticles can be impregnated in packaging materials, which are used to store food grains. Natural materials are having advantages like non-toxicity and easier to degrade and are suitable for food safety. This overview discusses the nanomaterials-mediated protection of food materials from mycotoxin and its releases into the open environment.

Research progress of adoption of hyperbranched polymer nano materials in textile industry

Research progress of adoption of hyperbranched polymer nano materials in textile industry

Research progress of adoption of hyperbranched polymer nano materials in textile industry

Research progress of adoption of hyperbranched polymer nano materials in textile industry

Applications of Carbon Dots (CDs) in Drug Delivery

The star of the carbon nanomaterials industry is now carbon dots (C-Dots). C-Dots are a potential tool because of their applications in imaging, environmental, catalytic, biological, and energy fields thanks to their numerous distinctive physicochemical and photochemical characteristics. C-Dots have received plenty of research attention and have shown remarkable application growth to date. Green biomass or sustainable raw materials may be used to create C-Dots since they are economical, cost-effective, and most significantly, they encourage waste reduction. However, there is still a problem that must be solved regarding the production of high-quality C-Dots from biomass waste. Chemotherapy is currently recognized as the most successful way of cancer treatment, although it is known to induce severe side effects in patients due to its non-discriminatory harmful impact on both normal and tumor cells. The fundamental issue in cancer and other complicated disorders of chemotherapy is understanding drug distribution throughout organs and designing a site-specific drug delivery method that targets cancer cells. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to create advanced routes for the targeted and traceable administration of anti-cancer drugs. C-Dots can be produced using top-down or bottom-up approaches, with the latter method being more frequently employed for high-volume and low-cost syntheses. In this comprehensive review article, we mainly discuss the structure of CDs, classification of CDs, their properties, limitations, source of CDs, fabrication techniques, and characterization techniques. More significantly, we bring readers update on the most recent trends of CDs development in health care.

Research on Application of New Carbon-based Nanomaterials in New Energy Automobile Industry

In order to alleviate the serious impact of over-exploitation of fossil energy such as coal, oil and natural gas, people began to turn their attention to other renewable clean energy sources. Energy storage technology can be roughly divided into two routes: physical energy storage and electrochemical energy storage. Supercapacitor is the most commercial technical device in physical energy storage, which is a good supplement to other electrochemical energy storage technologies. Batteries based on traditional chemical reactions, such as lithium ion, lead acid, Ni-MH, Ni-MH and Ferrous lithium phosphate, have been widely used in many fields. These batteries have large capacity and no memory effect, but their charging and discharging currents are small, their life is short, and their charging circuits are complex. For many occasions with high requirements for reliability, working life and specific power, this kind of battery is slightly insufficient. Therefore, it is imperative to study high-performance energy storage devices. This paper introduces the principle and characteristics of supercapacitors, and analyzes the supercapacitors based on new carbon-based nanomaterials and their applications in the new energy automobile industry.

Valuing the Innovation Potential of New Materials

In this paper we address the topic of capital budgeting in highly dynamic and innovative industries, featuring major uncertainties with respect to the future development and acceptance of technologies and end-user products in the market. Focusing on the nanomaterials industry, a model has been developed using empirical data and integrating features of life cycle costing (LCC) and parametric simulation (Monte Carlo). A recursive solution of LCC allows an end-product benchmark costing for the materials, which currently lack commodity market pricing, while the simulation provides a valuation utility for the techno­logy-specific flexibility to switch production. The underlying research offers a broad scope of applications in potentially high-value-added environments.

Sunflower oil quality management based on statistical analysis of its indicators

The consumers’ preferences for various types of vegetable oils have been revealed: 70 % of the Russian population prefer sunflower oil. With the help of a sociological survey, it was found that respondents mostly prefer refined vegetable oil – 68 %. The analysis of the accuracy and stability of the technological process for the production and purification of vegetable oil was carried out. The numerical characteristics of the distribution law of the controlled parameters were estimated. The reasons of oil defects based on claims for the period of 2017-2020 were analyzed, and the analysis of the process stability was carried out. The Ishikawa diagram made it possible to establish the causes of arising problems in terms of the color index which are the applied sorbent and the conditions for oil clarification. It is recommended to use adsorbents in the form of nanomaterials in food industry when clarifying sunflower oil.