Polyethylene Nanocomposites Research Articles

Linear low-density polyethylene nanocomposites reinforced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with hyperbranched poly(ether-ketone)s

Linear low-density polyethylene nanocomposites reinforced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with hyperbranched poly(ether-ketone)s

Polyaniline as a dual flame retardant and electrostatic dissipative additive in polyethylene nanocomposites

AbstractPolyolefins, such as polyethylene (PE), are highly flammable and electrically insulative, limiting their applicability. The study explored the flame‐retardancy and electrical conductivity of PE/polyaniline (PE/PANI) nanocomposites containing undoped PANI, PANI doped, and co‐doped with various acids and PANI modified with a double layered hydroxide or ammonium polyphosphate (APP). The nanocomposites were synthesized through in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline and compression molding. Flame retardancy was evaluated using UL 94 tests and cone calorimetry. All nanocomposites, except the de‐doped PANI nanocomposite, attained a UL 94 V2 rating. Cone calorimeter results showed that PANI doped with H3PO4 reduced the peak heat release rate by 20% compared to neat PE, whereas co‐doping PANI with H3PO4 and phytic acid reduced it by 31%. The nanocomposites exhibited volume resistivity for suitable for electrotactic dissipation applications but showed marginally reduced mechanical properties. This study demonstrates the potential to develop electrostatic dissipative and flame‐retardant PE nanocomposites incorporating PANI.Highlights PE/PANI nanocomposites were synthesized. PANI doped with H3PO4 reduced the peak HRR by 20%. Co‐doping PANI with H3PO4 and phytic acid further reduced peak HRR. Nanocomposites attained a UL 94 V2 rating. PE/PANI nanocomposites were electrostatic dissipative.

Optimization through combined compromise solution and weight determination through SHANNON-ENTROPY for multi criteria decision making in tribological testing of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene nano-composite in SBF environment and compression testing with it’s invitro analysis

Aluminium oxide and graphene reinforced with ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composites offer significant potential for prosthetic and implant applications due to their unique combination of properties. In this article, a series of aluminium oxide and graphene reinforced with ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composites were successfully fabricated through compression moulding. The average hardness of all the composites was observed to be higher than the UHMWPE (6.1 Hv). Composite U-15A-5 G was found to be the hardest with hardness of 10.5 Hv owing to strong bond between Al2O3 and UHMWPE. The compression strength of the U-15A-5 G material was about 81.936 MPa, which is 40.9% better than the pure UHMWPE. The compression modulus was about 330 MPa which is 22.2% higher than neat UHMWPE. Composite samples were tribo tested under simulated body fluid (SBF) lubricating environment. Using combined entropy-COCOSO method it was found that 50 mm/s speed, 200N load and 5% graphene are the optimum tribological parameters. with Cof of 0.04 and wear rate of 4.8745*10−4 mm3/Nm. Microstructure analysis indicated that long-range structured lamellar structures and microfibers were created between the crystals with the assistance of graphene layers. Apatite layer was also found on the sample. The apatite layer included phosphate and carbonate ions, which is good for in vitro bioactivity on polymeric films. This composite is a good candidate for prosthetics and implant components.

Enhancing polyethylene‐based nanocomposites through ethylene plasma polymerization of carbon nanotubes and sequential ultrasound dispersion with melt mixing method

AbstractThis study investigates the enhancement of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) nanocomposites with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT) at concentrations of 1, 3, and 6% w/w. To improve the interfacial interaction between the CNT and the polymeric matrix, CNT were treated using ethylene cold plasma (P‐CNT) in a rotary reactor. The incorporation of CNT into the polymer was carried out by a melt mixing process (MMP) and a sequential ultrasound dispersion method followed by melt mixing (UDM‐MMP). The thermal stability of nanocomposites with 6% P‐CNT increased by 45°C compared to pristine LLDPE. Electrical conductivity reached 2.5 × 10−2 S/cm for nanocomposites with 6% CNT. The elastic modulus increased from 519.52 MPa (LLDPE) to 714.63 MPa (6% CNT) and 795.43 MPa (6% P‐CNT), which further improving to 731.42 MPa (6% CNT) and 841.27 MPa (6% P‐CNT) using UDM‐MMP. Additionally, yield stress rose from 16.35 MPa to 21.28 MPa (6% CNT) and 22.06 MPa (6% P‐CNT), reaching 21.47 MPa and 22.28 MPa with UDM‐MMP. Tensile strength increased from 21.31 MPa to 25.15 MPa (6% CNT) and 25.9 MPa (6% P‐CNT), achieving 26.82 MPa (6% P‐CNT) with UDM‐MMP. These results highlight a significant improvement in conductivity, rigidity, and mechanical strength, emphasizing their potential for advanced applications.

Preparation of High-Performance Polyethylene Nanocomposites with Oleic Acid-Siloxene-Supported Ziegler-Natta Catalysts.

The addition of two-dimensional inorganic nanomaterials can effectively enhance the properties of polyethylene (PE). In the present study, a series of high-performance PE/oleic acid (OA)-siloxene nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization using OA-siloxene-supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Compared with the conventional Ziegler-Natta catalyst, the polymerization activity of the OA-siloxene-supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst was enhanced to 100 kg/mol-Ti•h, an increase of 56%. The OA-siloxene fillers exhibited excellent dispersion within the PE matrix through the in situ polymerization technique. Compared to pure PE, PE/OA-siloxene nanocomposites containing 1.13 wt% content of OA-siloxene showed 68.3 °C, 126%, 37%, and 46% enhancements in Tdmax, breaking strength, modulus, and elongation at break, respectively.

Reviewing dental materials: Progresses for oral health and restoration

The field of density has made great progress in the modern era, especially in the aspects of developing a variety of novel materials that are used to repair teeth. Compared to traditional c, novel dental restorative materials are devoted to combining practicality and aesthetics, which are under the full consideration of the demands of patients. The emphasis of this review lies in the comparison of different novel dental restorative materials by providing their principles, benefits, disadvantages, and applications. The main advanced materials in this area that are chosen to be researched in this review are Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Nanocomposites, Zirconia-based Composites, Activa Bioactive Restorative, Hydroxyapatite Restoration Materials, Bioprinting Materials, as well as Biomimetic and Tooth Surface Regeneration Materials. Researchers need to innovate in dental restorative materials with continuous pursuit. As these novel materials rapidly develop and are taken actions into application, they have a positive influence on dentistry. Our work involving studies of novel dental restorative materials provides patients with more practical and aesthetic therapy suggestions.

Polymer nanocomposites of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene

Polymer nanocomposites of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene

Production of nanocomposite films based on low density polyethylene/surface activated nanoperlite for modified atmosphere packaging applications

The modified atmosphere packaging films based on polyethylene nanocomposites reinforced with perlite nanoparticles were prepared using a blow molding machine. The perlite particles were first reduced to nano dimensions using an abrasive mill, then the porosity of nanoperlite was increased to improve their efficiency in absorbing ethylene gas. For this purpose, 6 normal sodium hydroxide solution at 50°C temperature was used. Finally, perlite nanoparticles were modified by polymethyl hydrogen siloxane silane compound. In each of the stages of grinding and modifying the perlite surface, the necessary tests including dynamic light diffraction test, nitrogen absorption test and ethylene gas absorption test were performed using gas chromatography method. The results showed that the size of perlite particles was reduced to 500 nm by using an abrasive mill, and the surface modification process increased the specific surface area of perlite by 10 times. Based on this, the amount of ethylene gas absorption in perlite nanoparticles with modified surface increased up to 3 times compared to normal perlite. The results of the gas chromatography test showed that the nanocomposite film based on polyethylene reinforced with 6% by weight of modified perlite nanoparticles has several times the efficiency in absorbing ethylene gas compared to the potassium permanganate sachets The results of the mechanical properties tests of nanocomposite film in comparison with pure polyethylene film showed that nanocomposite film has higher properties than pure polyethylene. The results of shelf-life tests of green tomatoes packed in nanocomposite film based on polyethylene reinforced with modified nanoperlite showed that green tomatoes can be stored for two months using the prepared modified atmosphere packaging.

Effect of synthesized copper oxide nanorods on electrical and thermal properties of compatibilized high‐density polyethylene/carbon nanofiber nanocomposite films

AbstractHigh‐density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposites containing different optimized fractions of carbon nanofiber (CNF) at 6 wt.%, polyethylene glycol (PEG) at 4 wt.%, and copper oxide (CuO) nanorods in concentration ranges of 0.15, 0.5, and 2 wt.% were successfully melt processed using corotating twin extrusion and compression molding technique. The effect of PEG and CuO nanofiller on the HDPE matrix were studied, particularly for the percolation threshold for electrical conductivity, structural morphology, and other properties including thermal stability, thermal conductivity (TC), dielectric, and UV protection properties. It is observed that PEG acts as a good compatibilizer, facilitating better interfacial connection between CNF and HDPE matrix. The optimized composite with 0.15 wt.% CuO nanorods (H/C6/P4/Cu0.15) shows a fine morphology and strong interfacial connections between fillers and the matrix, as observed in FE‐SEM micrographs. This optimized composite exhibits improved thermal stability, higher thermal conductivity (0.0404 W.K−1.m−1), increased dielectric constant, reduced electrical volume resistivity (from 2.1 × 1015 to 2.1 × 106 Ω.cm), and lower optical band gap value (2.74 eV). Additionally, all prepared nanocomposites offer approximately 100% Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) rating for UV protection.Highlights The transformation of insulating HDPE into conducting HDPE composites. The effect of CuO nanorods was investigated in compatibilized HDPE composites. A percolation is achieved in the HDPE composite at 0.15 wt.% of CuO nanorods. PEG and CuO nanorods improved the multifunctional properties of the composite.

Improvement of thermal, mechanical, and electromagnetic interference shielding properties of polyethylene nanocomposites by introducing non‐covalently modified carbon nanotube and reactive polyethylene copolymer

AbstractWe herein report the enhancement of thermal, electrical, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and mechanical performance of polyethylene (PE) nanocomposites by the introduction of non‐covalently modified multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and ethylene‐glycidyl methacrylate (EGMA) copolymer. For this purpose, benzylacetic acid‐functionalized MWCNT (BA‐M) is prepared by ball milling, and it is melt‐mixed with EGMA to prepare a masterbatch. The masterbatch is then melt‐compounded with neat PE to manufacture a series of PE/EGMA/BA‐M nanocomposites with 0.5–5 wt% MWCNTs. Electron microscopic and spectroscopic analyses confirm the successful fabrication of non‐covalently functionalized BA‐M, the uniform dispersity of MWCNTs in the PE matrix, and the chemical reactions between the carboxylic acid groups of BA‐M and the epoxy group of EGMA in the nanocomposites. Scanning calorimetric data reveals that BA‐M acts as an efficient nucleating agent for the crystallization of PE. The excellent dispersity and robust interfacial bonding of BA‐M in the PE matrix result in improved electrical and EMI shielding properties in PE/EGMA/BA‐M nanocomposites. Furthermore, the tensile strength, initial modulus, and impact strength of the nanocomposites gradually rise as the BA‐M content increases. Thus, the PE/EGMA/BA‐M nanocomposite containing 5 wt% MWCNT achieves excellent performance of EMI shielding effectiveness of ~14.7 dB/mm, tensile strength of ~34.5 MPa, initial modulus of ~295.7 MPa, and impact strength of ~539.9 J/m, which represent enhancements of ~265%, ~40%, ~82%, and ~452%, respectively, compared to pristine PE.Highlights Non‐covalently modified MWCNT (BA‐M) was prepared by facile ball milling. PE nanocomposites with BA‐M and EGMA were prepared by masterbatch melt‐mixing. Excellent dispersity and interfacial bonding of MWCNT in the PE matrix were attained. Tensile strength and initial modulus of the nanocomposites were highly improved. EMI shielding effectiveness of the nanocomposite with 5 wt% MWCNT was ~14.7 dB/mm.

DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYETHYLENE AND POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES USING THE METHODS OF MOLECULAR DYNAMICS

Today, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation become an effective method for investigating and predicting the physical and mechanical properties (PMP) of materials at the atomic scale. In this work, initial configurations of molecular systems of pure polyethylene (PE) and carbon nanotube-reinforced nanocomposites (PE-CNT) are created and described by the united atom model and Dreiding force field. Equilibration of the initial configurations of molecular models carried out using NVT and NPT ensembles in LAMMPS. Simulated complex of PMP of PE and PE-CNT includes elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, bulk modulus, shear modulus, yield strength, mass isobaric heat capacity, and coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE). The results verification of the PE molecular model showed the obtained MD simulation data either coincide with available literature data or are close to them. The results justify the use of the same algorithms to obtaine reliable data on the PMP of PE-CNT. Comparing the complex PMP of molecular models of pure PE and PE-CNT, it was established the elastic modulus of PE-CNT α=1.4 % increases by 10.4% at 300 K and by 29.3% at 320 K. The yield strength of PE-CNT α=1.4 % also increases by 33.2 % at a strain rate of 109 s−1 and a temperature of 300 K compared to PE. Meanwhile, mass isobaric heat capacity and CLTE decrease with increasing temperature: mass isobaric heat capacity decreases by 1.3 % at 300 K and by 4.4 % at 320 K; CLTE decreases by 20.2 % at 300 K and by 22.6 % at 320 K. Nonlinear two-parameter dependencies of the PMP of PE-CNT obtained in the temperature range (280–320) K and the volume fraction of fillers (0–1.5) %. These results allow to develop of new composite materials without conducting sufficiently complex and time-consuming numerical experiments based on MD simulation. The obtained data on the complex PMP are necessary for modeling the thermo-elastic-plastic state of products made of PE-CNT under operational conditions in a continuum approximation.

Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Graphene Oxide/ Low Density Polyethylene Nanocomposite

Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Graphene Oxide/ Low Density Polyethylene Nanocomposite

Fabrication and Behavior Study of Natural Fiber Utilized Low-Density Polyethylene Nanocomposite via Injection Mold

Fabrication and Behavior Study of Natural Fiber Utilized Low-Density Polyethylene Nanocomposite via Injection Mold

Effective Utilization of Bast Fiber in High Density Polyethylene Nanocomposite Enriched by Alumina Nanoparticle: Mechanical Performance Evaluation

Effective Utilization of Bast Fiber in High Density Polyethylene Nanocomposite Enriched by Alumina Nanoparticle: Mechanical Performance Evaluation

Development of Low-Density Polyethylene Nanocomposite with CNT Fibre Via Injection Moulding: Performance Study

Development of Low-Density Polyethylene Nanocomposite with CNT Fibre Via Injection Moulding: Performance Study

Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of Stacked and Grafted Graphene/Graphene Oxide-Polyethylene Nanocomposites: A Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Study.

High-performance natural materials with superior mechanical properties often possess a hierarchical structure across multiple length scales. Nacre, also known as the mother of pearl, is an example of such a material and exhibits remarkable strength and toughness. The layered hierarchical architecture across different length scales is responsible for the efficient toughness and energy dissipation. To develop high-performance artificial nacre-like composites, it is necessary to mimic this layered structure and understand the molecular phenomena at the interface. This study uses coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structure-property relationship of stacked graphene-polyethylene (PE) nanocomposites. Uniaxial and oscillatory shear deformation simulations were conducted to explore the composites' mechanical and viscoelastic behavior. The effect of grafting on the glass-transition temperature and the mechanical and viscoelastic behavior was also examined. The two examined microstructures, the stacked and grafted GnP (graphene nanoplatelet)-PE composites, demonstrated significant enhancement in the Young's modulus and yield strength when compared to the pristine PE. The study also delves into the viscoelastic properties of polyethylene nanocomposites containing graphene and graphene oxide. The grafted composite demonstrated an increased elastic energy and improved capacity for stress transfer. Our study sheds light on the energy dissipation properties of layered nanocomposites through underlying molecular mechanisms, providing promising prospects for designing novel biomimetic polymer nanocomposites.

Polyethylene Nanocomposites with Carbon Nanofillers: Similarities and Differences and New Insight on Cavitation in Tensile Drawing

Polyethylene Nanocomposites with Carbon Nanofillers: Similarities and Differences and New Insight on Cavitation in Tensile Drawing

Preparation of Polyethylene Clay Composites via Melt Intercalation Using Hydrophobic and Superhydrophobic Organoclays and Comparison of Their Textural, Mechanical and Thermal Properties.

Polymer clay nanocomposites, which can exhibit many superior properties compared to virgin polymers, have gained increasing interest and importance in recent years. This study aimed to prepare composites of two organoclays with unusual ratios and different degrees of lyophilicity with low-density polyethylene and compare their textural structures and thermal and mechanical properties with those of virgin polymer. For this purpose, firstly, organoclays, hydrophobic and superhydrophobic organoclays (OC and SOC), were prepared by solution intercalation method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide with and without addition of a hydrocarbon substance. Then, using both organoclays, polyethylene organoclay composites were prepared and characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. Additionally, tensile and hardness tests were performed to determine the mechanical properties of the composites, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms were taken to examine their thermal behavior. XRD patterns and HRTEM images of hydrophobic and superhydrophobic organoclays and the composites show that the characteristic smectite peak of the clay shifts to the left and expands, that is, the interlayer space widens and, in the composites, it deforms immediately at low clay ratios. HRTEM images of the composites prepared especially with low clay ratios indicate that a heterogeneous dispersion of clay platelets occurs, indicating that nanocomposite formation has been achieved. On the contrary, in the composites prepared with high clay ratios, this dispersion behavior partially turns into aggregation. In the composites prepared using up to 20% by weight of superhydrophobic organoclay, extremely stable and continuous improvements in all mechanical properties were observed compared to those of the composites prepared using hydrophobic organoclay. This indicates that by using superhydrophobic organoclay, a ductile nanocomposite of polyethylene containing inorganic components in much higher than usual proportions can be prepared.

Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer of Polyethylene Nanocomposites with Carbon Nanotubes

Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer of Polyethylene Nanocomposites with Carbon Nanotubes

Preparation of carbon nanotube-reinforced polyethylene nanocomposites with better anti-scaling and corrosion-resistant properties

Carbon nanotube-reinforced polyethylene nanocomposites have been prepared and show good anti-scaling and corrosion-resistant properties.