Nanocomposite Films Research Articles

Green synthesis and characterization of silver anchored ZnO nanoparticle as the antimicrobial reinforcement for polylactide films

AbstractThe aqueous extract of endophytic fungi (Periconia sp.) was effectively used as a reducing agent to anchor Ag nanoparticles on the ZnO surface. The XRD, UV‐Vis, SEM‐EDX and TEM analyses were performed to ensure the formation of AgNP@ZnO architecture. TEM analysis confirmed that the 4–20 nm sized Ag nanoparticles were anchored evenly on the surface of ZnO with 16–78 nm in size. The antimicrobial study showed the superior performance of AgNP@ZnO functional nanoparticles than the pristine ZnO against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (gram‐positive) and Escherichia coli (gram‐negative). Hence, AgNP@ZnO functional particles were effectively explored as antimicrobial reinforcement for fabricating composite films using polylactic acid (PLA) as a matrix. The obtained nanocomposite films showed excellent antibacterial activity, which increases with increasing AgNP@ZnO loading.

Tuning thermoelectric performance with N-annulated perylene-based small molecules and single-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite films

Two N-annulated perylene (NP)-based organic small molecules (OSMs) with end groups of di-p-tolylamine (DTA) and phenyl-di-p-tolylamine (PhDTA), namely DDTANP and DPhDTANP, are incorporated into single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to fabricate nanocomposite thin films for thermoelectric (TE) application. The weight ratios of OSMs to SWCNTs range from 1:1 to 1:4. The inherent planar structures of these novel OSMs facilitate strong π-π interactions and charge transfer with SWCNTs. Specifically, the DDTANP/SWCNT nanocomposite films, due to its lower HOMO, induces pronounced energy filtering and, thus, a high Seebeck coefficient (S). At the optimized weight ratio of 1:3, DDTANP/SWCNT nanocomposite thin film exhibits an electrical conductivity (σ) of 214.7 S cm−1, and S of 59.8 μV K−1. The flat structure of DPhDTANP enhances its adhesion to SWCNTs, thereby improving dispersion and increasing σ. Similarly, the DPhDTANP/SWCNT (1:3) nanocomposite thin film achieves 256.4 S cm−1, and an S of 55.8 μV K−1. The DPhDTANP/SWCNT (1:3) nanocomposite film exhibits higher σ, resulting in a power factor (PF) of 79.8 μW m−1 K−2, surpassing the PF of 76.7 μW m−1 K−2 for the DDTANP/SWCNT (1:3) nanocomposite film. These findings offer valuable insights into molecular design for SWCNTs-based composite TE research and contributed to enhancing TE applications.

New polymeric nanocomposite thin films for transparent optoelectronics: Impact of In(acac)3 on the structural, optical and photoelectrical characteristics of PVA films

Concerning the rapid progress in elastic and transparent optoelectronics, the need for cost-effective materials for transparent optoelectronic devices has become a mainstream research trend. Therefore, this report aimed to explore the modifications of the PVA characteristics due to In(acac)3 doping. New PVA:In(acac)3 nanocomposite thin films were fabricated using a cost-effective and facile spin-coating technique with varying the In(acac)3 loading concentration. The structural and molecular feature variations of PVA have been tracked using XRD and FTIR techniques, respectively. Furthermore, by varying In(acac)3′s concentration, the fabricated films' linear/nonlinear optical properties have been investigated symmetrically using the UV–visible-NIR spectrophotometric technique. The measured transmittance spectra of the prepared films showed the tunability of the energetic position of the fundamental edge while conserving the high transparency. The energy gap and Urbach energy of the prepared thin films have been calculated as a function of doping concentration. The nonlinear refractive index and optical susceptibilities were estimated for all the fabricated films. On the other hand, the photodetection response of the fabricated Schottky barrier devices was tested. The fabricated devices showed pronounced UV response, where the photocurrent density was significantly enhanced under UV illumination up to 0.1 mA/cm2 for the 20 wt.% In(acac)3 doped films. The photodetection performance of the manufactured nanocomposite thin films under repeatable On/Off switching cycles was tested. The optimum doping concertation of In(acac)3 was determined in terms of the analyzed optical and photodetection characteristics to be 20 wt.%. The obtained results support the careful reconsideration of the possibility of exploiting some cheap polymers as important components in advanced optoelectronic applications.

Enhanced optical, dielectric, and mechanical properties of starch-based nanocomposite films reinforced with layered double hydroxide

Enhanced optical, dielectric, and mechanical properties of starch-based nanocomposite films reinforced with layered double hydroxide

Fabrication, surface characterization and effect of oxygen irradiation on polymeric nanocomposite films

This study addressed the preparation of nanocomposites consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and titanium oxide (TiO2) for utilization in optoelectronics technologies. PVA/10%TiO2 nanocomposite samples with a mean thickness of 0.1[Formula: see text]mm were created using the solution casting method. The PVA/TiO2 films are irradiated with oxygen fluences of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ions/cm2. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR methodologies were employed to investigate the impact of ion bombardment on the structural characteristics and functional groups of PVA/TiO2 substrates. Diffraction peaks are 20.1° for PVA and 25.4° for TiO2, indicating the successful PVA/TiO2 nanocomposite construction. The absorbance (A) of unirradiated and irradiated samples was measured using UV–Vis spectroscopy within a wavelength range of 200–1100[Formula: see text]nm. Band gaps ([Formula: see text]) were calculated using Tauc’s formula for PVA/TiO2 films, exhibiting a decrease from 4.56[Formula: see text]eV for unirradiated PVA/TiO2 film to 4.16, 3.95 and 3.88[Formula: see text]eV at ion fluences of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ions/cm2, respectively. Furthermore, the Ubrach tail has a rise of 1.23[Formula: see text]eV for unirradiated PVA/TiO2 to 1.28[Formula: see text]eV, 1.4[Formula: see text]eV and 1.77[Formula: see text]eV for irradiated films with ion fluences of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ions/cm2, respectively. Additionally, following ion irradiation, the PVA/TiO2 absorption edge [Formula: see text], which was 3.56[Formula: see text]eV, decreased to 3.48, 3.37 and 3.23[Formula: see text]eV, with increasing ion beam fluences. This study demonstrated that the optical behaviors of the PVA/TiO2 films were altered under bombardment, suggesting their potential applicability in optical devices.

Structural, linear/non-linear optical, and optoelectrical properties of PVB/Bi2WO6 nanocomposite for industrial applications

Nanocomposite films composed of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and Bi2WO6 were produced through solution casting. The goal of this investigation was to examine the effects of different Bi2WO6 concentrations (0%, 2%, and 4% wt.) on the linear/non-linear optical and optoelectrical properties, as well as the structure and dispersion of films of PVB/Bi2WO6 nanocomposite. The direct band gap Eg1 value falls from 5.1 eV to 3.83 eV with the progressive increase in Bi2WO6 content from 0% to 4% wt., while indirect band gap Eg2 decreased from 4.1 eV to 2.89 eV. Conversely, the PVB + 4% Bi2WO6 nanocomposite increased Urbach’s energy (EU) from 1.00 eV for pure PVB to 1.97 eV. Moreover, our research has documented the impact of different concentrations of Bi2WO6 on a range of optical properties, including the refractive index ( n), extinction coefficient ( k), and other pertinent parameters. Utilizing the real and imaginary components of the dielectric constants εr and εi, an investigation was carried out into the dielectrics’ behavior and the optoelectrical parameters’ calculation. Furthermore, investigations were performed on the linear optical susceptibility, the non-linear refractive index, and the third-order non-linear optical susceptibility concerning the concentrations of Bi2WO6. In addition, the results indicated that varying Bi2WO6 concentrations substantially affect the oscillator strength, average oscillator wavelength, and optical conductivity. The nanocomposite films of PVB/Bi2WO6 concentrations exhibited favorable associations between their optoelectrical and non-linear/linear optical parameters, rendering them viable candidates for implementation in flexible electronic devices and radiation shielding.

Strong and flexible MXene-based nanocomposite films for atomic oxygen resistance and electromagnetic interference shielding

MXene has garnered considerable attention as a promising candidate for multifunctional artificial materials, owing to its exceptional mechanical performance and superior electric conductivity. However, macroscopically layered films assembled by MXene nanosheets are usually accompanied by serious degradation of mechanical properties. Moreover, there is a notable paucity of investigations on MXene in low Earth orbit (LEO) environment. Inspired by the layered structure of nacre, we applied polyurethane (PU) as an interfacial crosslinking agent to improve the mechanical properties of MXene films. The optimized MXene/PU (MP) nanocomposite film exhibited a tensile strength of 298.02 MPa and a toughness of 13.81 MJ m−3, surpassing those of the pure MXene film by 260 % and 1300 %, respectively. The atomic oxygen (AO) erosion yield of MP was approximately one order of magnitude lower than that of commercial Kapton films, which was attributed to the shielding effect of MXene against AO attacks. Remarkably, the MP nanocomposite film demonstrated exceptional retention of tensile strength under various extreme conditions including AO irradiation, cryogenic-high temperature, cyclic thermal shock and hot water. Contributed by multi-layer structural design and high conductivity, the MP exhibited a high electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 48 dB and a specific SE divided by thickness (SSE/t) of 13,479 dB cm2 g−1 at the thickness of 20 μm. Consequently, the nacre-like MP nanocomposite film with exceptional mechanical properties and high-level functional performance holds substantial promise as a multifunctional space material for LEO environments.

Investigation of isothermal entropy change, relative cooling power, and refrigerant capacity of GdCoAl nanocomposite thin film by changing the Al ratio at low magnetic fields of 100 Oe and 1000 Oe

There are two challenges with magnetocaloric materials (MCMs): the production of low-cost materials and the applicability of MCMs at low magnetic fields. Due to the abundance of Al, the effects of Al composition in GdCoAl nanocomposite thin film alloys were investigated by fabricating Gd19.60Co20.00Al60.40 and Gd38.62Co28.43Al32.95 alloys. Nanometric grains were seen in the surface images with different grain dimensions by changing the Al ratio. With an increase in the Al ratio, the Z-height dimension decreased. The grains were homogeneous and small for the ternary thin film with a high Al ratio. It was established that the alloy with a higher amount of Al had a higher Curie temperature at a lower (100 Oe) magnetic field; it performed worse when compared to the low Al ratio sample regarding RCP and RC due to the small full width at half maxima. However, Gd19.60Co20.00Al60.40 at a higher magnetic field intensity of 1000 Oe, performed better.

Synthesis of an ultrathin, self-adhesive, tough, and frigostable BP@PVP/TPU ionogel for strain sensors by electrospinning

Intelligent wearable strain sensors are indispensable for monitoring human locomotion and human–machine interactions. Herein, we present a nanocomposite ionogel film (thickness of 0.2 mm) prepared using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyurethane (TPU), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, and black phosphorus (BP) in a dimethylformamide solution, referred to as BP@PVP/TPU, using the electrostatic spinning. While the ionogel film exhibited exceptional properties, including excellent self-adhesiveness, high tensile strength (1866 %), and high fracture strength (0.59 MPa), at room temperature, it displayed high tensile strength (940 %) and high fracture strength (3.01 MPa) even when stored at −35 °C for up to 15 days. Subsequently, a self-adhesive strain sensor was fabricated from the BP@PVP/TPU ionogel using copper wire. After 1000 pull-up cycles under 30 % strain, the sensing signal remained essentially unchanged, and the sensor exhibited satisfactory adhesion to different substrates (e.g., an impressive adhesion strength of up to 299 kPa to iron sheets). The excellent performance of the BP@PVP/TPU ionogel enabled the developed sensor to monitor various human body movements in real time. This approach is both economical and convenient and provides an innovative avenue for developing next-generation wearable strain sensors.

Enhanced Energy Storage in PVDF-Based Nanocomposite Capacitors through (00l)-Oriented BaTiO3 Single-Crystal Platelets.

Flexible nanocomposite dielectrics with inorganic nanofillers exhibit great potential for energy storage devices in advanced microelectronics applications. However, high loading of inorganic nanofillers in the matrix results in an inhomogeneous electric field distribution, thereby hindering the improvement of the energy storage density (Ue) of the dielectrics. Herein, we proposed a strategy that utilized (00l)-oriented barium titanate (BT) single-crystal platelets to fabricate trilayered nanocomposite dielectrics for energy storage applications. The trilayered nanocomposites consisted of two high-permittivity layers of (Ta2O5, Al2O3) codoped TiO2 nanoparticles (Ta-Al@TiO2 nps) dispersed in a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix to facilitate large electric displacement and a middle layer of (00l)-oriented BT single-crystal platelets to provide high breakdown strength. Hence, the trilayered PVDF/Ta-Al@TiO2 nps/BT single-crystal platelet nanocomposite film attains an outstanding Ue of 16.9 J cm-3 at 370 kV mm-1, which is ∼625% higher than that of the single-layer PVDF/Ta-Al@TiO2 nps film. Finite element simulation further clarified that the successive inner layer of highly (00l)-oriented BT single-crystal platelets could effectively restrain the propagation of electrical treeing in trilayered nanocomposites. This research offers an effective approach for developing flexible dielectric capacitors with an excellent energy storage performance.

Fabrication of cellulose-based antimicrobial films integrated with in situ synthesized silver nanoparticles using Psidium guajava leaf extract

Cellulose-based antibacterial nanocomposite films were prepared by adding silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized in situ using a guava leaf extract. The nanocomposite films were synthesized using the solution casting method and characterized by analytical methods. The FTIR analysis indicated the presence of the carbonyl groups of guava leaf extract and hydroxyl groups of cellulose in the in situ synthesized AgNPs. The XRD analysis confirmed the AgNPs in the nanocomposites. SEM analysis revealed the presence of spherical AgNPs in the size range of 60-90 nm. The addition of AgNPs increased the tensile strength and thermal stability of composites. In addition, the cellulose-based nanocomposite film wasn’t showed very significant antibacterial activity against various foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, the prepared cellulose/AgNPs nanocomposite film is eco-friendly and exhibits excellent tensile strength and thermal stability along with a wide range of antimicrobial activity, so it is considered to be suitable for biomedical and food packaging applications.

Taking a Tailored Approach to Material Design: A Mechanistic Study of the Selective Localization of Phase-Separated Graphene Microdomains.

To achieve multifunctional properties using nanocomposites, selectively locating nanofillers in specific areas by tailoring a mixture of two immiscible polymers has been widely investigated. Forming a phase-separated structure from entirely miscible molecules is rarely reported, and the related mechanisms to govern the formation of assemblies from molecules have not been fully resolved. In this work, a novel method and the underlying mechanism to fabricate self-assembling, bicontinuous, biphasic structures with localized domains made up of amine-functionalized graphene nanoplatelets are presented, involving the tailoring of compositions in a liquid processable multicomponent epoxy blend. Kinetics studies were carried out to investigate the differences in reactivity of various epoxy-hardener pairs. Molecular dynamics simulations and in situ optical photothermal infrared spectroscopy measurements revealed the trajectories of different components during the early stages of polymerization, supporting the migration (phase behavior) of each component during the curing process. Confirmed by the phase structure and the correlated chemical maps down to the submicrometer level, it is believed that the bicontinuous phase separation is driven by the change of the miscibility between various building blocks forming during polymerization, leading to the formation of nanofiller domains. The proposed morphology evolution mechanism is based on combining solubility parameter calculations with kinetics studies, and preliminary experiments are performed to validate the applicability of the mechanism of selectively locating nanofillers in the phase-separated structure. This provides a simple yet sophisticated engineering model and a roadmap to a mechanism for fabricating phase-separated structures with nanofiller domains in nanocomposite films.

In vitro bioactivity of biodegradable films based on chitosan/quince seed mucilage reinforced with ZnO-nanoparticle

AbstractIn this study, biodegradable active films were designed by adding ZnO-NPs to the quince seed mucilage/chitosan matrix. The films were investigated for characterization and in vitro bioactivity. According to the results, a significant decrease in moisture content, water holding capacity and light (L*) occurred with the addition of ZnO-NP. (p < 0.05). FT-IR spectra showed the interaction between ZnO-NPs and N-H quince seed mucilage and chitosan groups. Nanocomposite films containing ZnO-NP showed improved thermal stability. The developed bionanocomposite films were easily buried in soil and subjected to degradation. The minimum degradation of the film in soil after 20 days was 62.02%. The maximum cell viability (%) of C/ZnO-NP and C/QSM/ZnO-NP films were determined as 86.81% and 91.22%, respectively, and the films were found to be non-toxic. Moreover, while the quince seed mucilage film did not show antibacterial performance, chitosan and ZnO NPs showed antibacterial effects against the tested bacteria Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 7644) and Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ATCC 35,150). In this context, the design bionanocomposite films can be used as an active food packaging material for food preservation by controlling food-borne pathogens. In addition, the developed films do not pose a threat to the environment and therefore have great potential for the sustainable food packaging industry.

Structural, Optical, and Thermal Properties of PVA/SrTiO3/CNT Polymer Nanocomposites.

Successful preparation of PVA/SrTiO3/CNT polymer nanocomposite films was accomplished via the solution casting method. The structural, optical, and thermal properties of the films were tested by XRD, SEM, FTIR, TGA, and UV-visible spectroscopy. Inclusion of the SrTiO3/CNT nanofillers with a maximum of 1 wt% drastically improved the optical and thermal properties of PVA films. SrTiO3 has a cubic crystal structure, and its average crystal size was found to be 28.75 nm. SEM images showed uniform distribution in the sample with 0.3 wt% of SrTiO3/CNTs in the PVA film, while some agglomerations appeared in the samples of higher SrTiO3/CNT content, i.e., at 0.7 and 1.0 wt%, in the PVA polymer films. The inclusion of SrTiO3/CNTs improved the thermal stability of PVA polymer films. The direct and indirect optical band gaps of the PVA films decreased when increasing the mass of the SrTiO3/CNTs, while the single-oscillator energy (E0) and dispersion energy (Ed) increased. The films' refractive indices were gradually increased upon increasing the nanofillers' weight. In addition, improvements in the optical susceptibility and nonlinear refractive indices' values were also obtained. These films are qualified for optoelectronic applications due to their distinct optical and thermal properties.

The Effect of Polyvinyl Alcohol Addition on the Optical Properties and Oxygen Detection Performance of Titanium Dioxide and Methylene Blue Nanocomposite Colorimetric Indicators.

In this study, we investigated the impact of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) incorporation on the optical properties and oxygen detection performance of a titanium dioxide/methylene blue (TiO2/MB) nanocomposite colorimetric indicator for packaging applications. The nanocomposite was synthesized via mechanical milling of TiO2 nanoparticles with MB and citric acid. PVA, at varying concentrations (0, 3, 9, and 14 wt%), was introduced during the wet milling process to produce a homogeneous composite film. Spin coating was employed to fabricate TiO2/MB nanocomposite films for oxygen detection evaluation. The influence of PVA loading on the films' chemical functionalities and surface morphologies was assessed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The indicator's activation process, involving a color change between bleached and colored states, and its recovery time were monitored via optical imaging and UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometry. The results revealed that a PVA content of 9 wt% yielded well-defined films with enhanced stability of the TiO2/MB nanocomposite's oxygen detection performance.

Improving the Properties of Gelatin-Based Films by Incorporation of "Pitanga" Leaf Extract and Crystalline Nanocellulose.

Biopolymer-based films can be activated by the incorporation of active compounds into their matrix. Plant extracts are rich in phenolic compounds, which have antimicrobial and/or antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to produce gelatin-based active films and nanocomposite films incorporated with "pitanga" (Eugenia uniflora L.) leaf extract (PLE) and/or crystalline nanocellulose extracted from soybean straw (CN), and to study the physicochemical, functional, microstructural, thermal, UV/Vis light barrier, and antioxidant properties of these materials. PLE enhanced some film properties, such as tensile strength (from 30.2 MPa to 40.6 MPa), elastic modulus (from 9.3 MPa to 11.3 MPa), the UV/Vis light barrier, and antioxidant activity, in addition to affecting the microstructural, surface, and color properties. These improvements were even more significant in nanocomposites simultaneously containing PLE and CN (59.5 MPa for tensile strength and 15.1 MPa for elastic modulus), and these composites also had lower moisture content (12.2% compared to 13.5-14.4% for other treatments) and solubility in water (from 48.9% to 44.1%). These improvements may be the result of interactions that occur between PLE's polyphenols and gelatin, mainly in the presence of CN, probably due to the formation of a stable PLE-CN-gelatin complex. These results are relevant for the food packaging sector, as the activated nanocomposite films exhibited enhanced active, barrier, and mechanical properties due to the presence of PLE and CN, in addition to being entirely produced with sustainable components from natural and renewable sources.

CdSe/polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite films for packaging: thermal, mechanical, optical and physico-chemical properties

CdSe/polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite films for packaging: thermal, mechanical, optical and physico-chemical properties

Investigating the synergistic effect of ZnO/GO nanocomposite films for methylene blue removal

AbstractThis study aims to reveal the growth kinetics of ZnO nanoflakes and ZnO/GO nanocomposite films obtained at different Zn precursor salt concentrations by electrochemical deposition method and to evaluate the catalytic performances of the obtained films. The films were grown on FTO substrate with Zn precursor salt concentrations of 0.1 M, 0.125 M, and 0.175 M. Characterization of the obtained films was performed by XRD, SEM, UV–vis–NIR, Raman, and XPS analyses. The strong photocatalytic capabilities of the synthesized ZnO nanoflakes and ZnO/GO nanocomposite films were demonstrated by comparative analyses with the existing literature. Accordingly, photocatalytic experiments carried out under UVA irradiation revealed the high performance of the synthesized samples in the degradation of MB dye. The reaction kinetics were investigated using the Langmuir‐Hinshelwood kinetic model, resulting in high kobs values and R2 coefficients. ZnO nanoparticles showed a kobs of 0.038 min−1 and an R2 value of 0.96, while ZnO/GO nanocomposite films showed a kobs of 0.055 min−1 and an R2 value of 0.92. The significant increase in the degradation percentage shows the significant improvement achieved by the integration of GO, despite a slightly lower R2 value for the ZnO/GO nanocomposite film compared with ZnO nanoflakes films.

Fabrication and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticle-Doped Chitosan/Carboxymethyl Cellulose Nanocomposites for Optoelectronic and Biological Applications.

The synthesis of nanoparticles using environmentally friendly methods for applications in fields such as food packaging and biomedicine has been gaining increasing attention. Organic-inorganic nanostructures offer opportunities to create innovative materials suitable for use in optoelectronics and biological applications. In this study, we focused on producing nanocomposite films by blending carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan (CS) polymers in equal proportions (50/50 wt %) and adding silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) through a solution casting process. Our objective was to examine how the introduction of Ag NPs influenced the structural, optical, mechanical, electrical, and antibacterial properties of the virgin CMC/CS composites. XRD patterns of the prepared samples indicated the presence of crystalline Ag phases within the CMC/CS blend. FT-IR spectroscopy showed the primary vibrational peaks associated with CMC and CS, which exhibited reduced intensity after the addition of Ag NPs. The UV absorption of the nanocomposites exhibited a gradual increase and a shift toward longer wavelengths. The electrical properties are enhanced with higher concentrations of Ag NPs. An increase in the content of Ag NPs resulted in a corresponding enhancement of antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The CMC/CS-Ag-doped films demonstrated significant enhancements in Young's modulus (Y), tensile stress (σt), and elongation at break (εB). These findings suggest that these nanocomposite films hold promise for potential applications in optoelectronics and biological fields.

Characterization of nanocomposite films based on tomato seed mucilage, gelatin and TiO2 nanoparticles

The aim of the present research was to investigate the interaction effect of incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2) (0 %, 0.5 %, and 1 %) nanoparticles and manipulating the proportion of tomato seed mucilage (TSM) and gelatin (Ge) (1: 0, 0.33:0.67, 0.67:0.33, and 0:1) on the physical, mechanical, and microbial characteristics of the film. The findings indicated that the incorporation of TiO2 engendered an augmentation in the surface roughness of the film and an elevation in the film's thickness. The mechanical evaluation results revealed that the incorporation of TiO2 into the TSM-Ge films significantly enhanced (p˂0.05) the tensile strength (TS), (up to 300 %), an elevation of Young's modulus, while concurrently leading to a reduction in the elongation at break (EB). The incorporation of TiO2 resulted in a significant enhancement in various properties of the film (p˂0.05), including opacity, contact angle, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), moisture absorption, moisture content, solubility, and swelling. The rise in the proportion of TSM resulted in a concomitant increase in the color differences (ΔE), and yellowness index (YI). Conversely, there was a decrease in the lightness (L*) and the whiteness index (WI). Additionally, an increase was found in opacity, solubility, moisture content, WVP, OP, swelling, and moisture absorption. It was observed that films without TiO2 exhibited no inhibitory effect. However, upon augmenting the concentration of TiO2 to 1 %, notable inhibitory and lethal effects were observed against various microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger, and Candida glabrata. The results showed that the TSM-Ge composite film containing TiO2, exhibited potential as a viable choice for food packaging susceptible to microbial spoilage.