Nanocomposite Cotton Research Articles

The Influence of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles and UV Radiation on the Electrical Properties of PEDOT:PSS-Coated Cotton Fabrics.

With the rapid growth of electronic textiles, there is a need for highly conductive fabrics containing fewer conductive materials, allowing them to maintain flexibility, low cost and light weight. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), is one of the most promising conductive materials for the production of conductive fabrics due to its excellent properties such as solubility, relatively high conductivity, and market availability. Moreover, its electrical conductivity can be enhanced by polar solvents or acid treatment. The aim of this work was to fabricate conductive cotton fabrics with a small fixed amount of PEDOT:PSS and to investigate how titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles affect the electrical, thermal and structural properties of PEDOT:PSS-coated cotton fabrics. The change in electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite fabric was then related to morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. We found that the sheet resistance of the nanocomposite cotton fabric depends on the TiO2 concentration, with a minimum value of 2.68 Ω/□ at 2.92 wt% TiO2. The effect of UV light on the sheet resistance of the nanocomposite cotton fabric was also investigated; we found that UV irradiation leads to an increase in conductivity at an irradiation time of 10 min, after which the conductivity decreases with increasing irradiation time. In addition, the electrical behavior of the nanocomposite cotton fabric as a function of temperature was investigated. The nanocomposite fabrics exhibited metallic behavior at high-TiO2 concentrations of 40.20 wt% and metallic semiconducting behavior at low and medium concentrations of 11.33 and 28.50 wt%, respectively. Interestingly, cotton fabrics coated with nanocomposite possessed excellent washing durability even after seven steam washes.

Highly Conductive Flexible Conductor Based on PEDOT:PSS/MWCNTs Nano Composite

Flexible textiles with strong electrical conductivities have enormous potential as active components in wearable electronics. In this study, we fabricated highly flexible electrical conductors based on cotton fabrics using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) nanocomposites. We propose that mixing and drop-casting with different amounts of MWCNTs and a fixed amount of doped PEDOT:PSS using a cotton fabric provides a wide range of conductivities depending on the amount of MWCNTs in the mixture. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that the distribution of MWCNTs in the PEDOT:PSS films coated the surface of the cotton fabric, thereby increasing its electrical conductivity. We found that the amount of MWCNTs significantly affected the electrical properties of the nanocomposite cotton in two ways. First, the sheet resistance of the nanocomposite cotton decreased from 78.35 Ω/□ to 2.86 Ω/□ when the concentration of the nanocomposite was increased from 9.21 wt% to 60.27 wt%. This implies that the electrical properties of the nanocomposite cotton can be adjusted by controlling the amount of MWCNTs in the blend. Moreover, we found that the relationship between the sheet resistance and nanocomposite concentration obeys the power law with an exponent α ~ 1.676. Second, the study of the effect of temperature on the resistance indicates that the conductive nanocomposite exhibits semiconductor behavior in the temperature range 24–120 °C and obeys the variable range hopping model. The characteristic temperatures, resistance prefactor, and density of localized states and activation energies depend on the concentration of MWCNTs and can be described by power laws with exponents of 0.470, −1.292, −0.470 and 0.118, respectively. The novel nanocomposite cotton fabric developed in this study exhibits suitable electrical and thermal properties and good long-term electrical stability, which make the nanocomposite cotton fabric a potential flexible conductor with a wide range of electrical conductivities, making it suitable for various applications.

Preparation of Antibacterial Cellulose Fabric via Copper (II) Oxide and Corn Silk (Stigma maydis) Nanocomposite

AbstractConcerning the increasing demand for antibacterial nature‐based textiles, this work deals with the modification of cotton fabric with corn silk as a natural polymer together with the in situ synthesis of copper (II) oxide nanoparticles. Copper acetate is used as a precursor of copper (II) oxide and ascorbic acid as an environmentally friendly reducing agent. The copper (II) oxide/corn silk nanocomposite cotton fabrics are evaluated by FESEM, XRD, FTIR, water absorption, and antibacterial analysis. The treated fabrics exhibit higher water absorption and FESEM images along with EDX spectra confirm the formation of copper (II) oxide nanoparticles and corn silk layer on the fabric surface. FTIR analysis also establishes effective assembling of CuO/corn silk on the cotton surface. Moreover, the antimicrobial efficiency of the nanocomposite is verified to be higher than 90% against Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive model bacteria comprising Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and antifungal properties against Candida albican. Consequently, the fabrication of copper (II) oxide/corn silk nanocomposites on the cotton fabric could be potentially applied for the preparation of antibacterial medical textiles.

Nanocomposite Cotton Fabrics with In Situ Formed Gold Nanoparticles Using Citrus Lemon Leaf Extract as Reducing Agent

ABSTRACT Using citrus lemon leaf extract and different concentrated gold chloride source solutions, the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were in situ formed in cotton fabrics. The nanocomposite cotton fabrics (NCCFs) were analyzed by SEM, FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray, thermal and antibacterial tests. The AuNPs formed in NCCFs were with size between 50 and 120 nm. The x- ray test indicated the formation of AuNPs. The thermal properties of NCCFs were slightly lower than the matrix. The NCCFs showed good antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative and hence can be considered for potential antibacterial medical fabrics for hospital bed materials, aprons, face/nose masks, etc.

Nanocomposite cotton gauze cloth with in situ generated silver, copper and their binary metal nanoparticles by bioreduction method

In the present work, the authors prepared nanocomposite cotton gauze cloth (NCGC) by in situ generating the nanoparticles of silver (ANPs) and copper (CuNPs) and their binary metallic nanoparticles (BMNPs) using aqueous extraction of Azadirachta indica leaves as a reducing agent. The NCGCs had roughly spherical AgNPs, CuNPs and BMNPs in the size range of 50–120 nm. The corresponding mean size of the spherical AgNPs, CuNPs and BMNPs was 94, 89 and 87 nm respectively. The participation of the hydroxyl and amino groups of the leaf extract in the generation of the metal nanoparticles in the NCGCs was established by studying the chemical interactions. All the NCGC specimens exhibited significant antibacterial activity. However, the NCGCs with BMNPs had higher antibacterial efficiency when compared to those with homo metal nanoparticles. Hence, the NCGC with generated BMNPs can be effectively used as antibacterial wound dressing material.

Nanocomposite cotton fabrics with in situ formed copper nanoparticles using citrus lemon leaf extract as reducing agent

Nanocomposite cotton fabrics (NCCFs) with in situ formed copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using aqueous extraction of citrus lemon leaves as reducing agent have been made. The NCCFs have been analyzed by SEM, FTIR, XRD and TGA techniques and antibacterial test. The CuNPS have been roughly spherical in shape with a mean size in the range of 82-114 nm. The OH and C-OH groups of leaf extract has played an important role in the generation of the CuNPs in the NCCFs as established by the FTIR spectral analysis. The XRD analysis has indicated that the formation of CuNPs in NCCFs lowered the crystallinity of NCCFs. The thermal stability of NCCFs has been lowered by the CuNPs. However, the NCCFs with in situ generated CuNPs exhibited higher antibacterial activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and hence can be effectively used as antibacterial wound dressing and hospital bed materials.

Flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors based on PPy/rGO nanocomposite on cotton fabric

Polypyrrole (PPy) has high electrochemical activity and low cost, so it has great application prospects in wearable supercapacitors. Herein, we have successfully prepared polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide (PPy/rGO) nanocomposite cotton fabric (NCF) by chemical polymerization, which exhibits splendid electrochemical performance compared with the individual. The addition of rGO can block the deformation of PPy caused by the expansion and contraction. The as-prepared PPy-0.5/rGO NCF electrode exhibits the brilliant specific capacitance (9300 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2) and the capacitance retention with 94.47% after 10 000 cycles. At the same time, the superior capacitance stability under different bending conditions and reuse capability have been achieved. All-solid-state supercapacitor has high energy density of 167 μWh cm−2 with a power density of 1.20 mW cm−2. Therefore, the PPy-0.5/rGO NCF electrode has a broad application prospect in high-performance flexible supercapacitor fabric electrode.

In situ generation of antibacterial silver nanocomposite cotton fabrics by bio route

Antibacterial silver nanocomposite cotton fabrics were generated by in situ method using Senna auriculata (SA) leaf broth as reductant. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized on cotton fabrics (nanocomposite cellulose fabrics [NCCFs]) were analyzed by different spectral characteristics like FTIR, SEM correlated with EDX and XRD. The SEM analysis revealed that the generated AgNPs on NCCFs were spherical in shape with a mean size of 100 nm. The XRD studies showed that the biosynthesized NCCFs are exhibiting FCC crystalline lattice structure. The FTIR spectra indicated that the hydroxyl functional group in leaf extract is responsible for bioreduction of silver ions into metallic silver. The TG-DTG and DSC analysis showed higher thermal stability and the deterioration in stages. The biogenerated AgNPs in NCCFs exhibited good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. The NCCFs also exhibited good mechanical strength. The NCCFs with bio generated AgNPs can be considered for medical and packing applications.

Conductive Nanocomposite Cotton Thread Strands for Wire and Industrial Applications

This paper reports the synthesis of conducting cotton thread strands obtained by dip coating in sodium dodecyl-benzene sulfonate (SDBS) surfactant with dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), as a promising candidate for energy storage applications. The effect of the dispersion and SDBS in the dissolved SWCNT solution was detected using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD confirms that there was good dispersion of SWCNTs on the cotton thread strands obtained by doping employing ethylene glycol (EG) which lowers the corrugation of the cotton thread. FE-SEM images obtained at different magnifications show micro-fibril structure. Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis confirms the presence of only C, Na and S, ruling out the presence of any elemental impurity. A strong decrease from 3.587Ω to 0.01257Ω in electrical resistance was observed when the concentration of SWCNTs was increased from 0.008049 wt.% to 1.07269 wt.%, indicating that the SWCNTs induced conductive properties in the cotton thread strands. The study shows that sodium dodecyl benzyl sulfonate (SDBS) has the best dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes in water when used along with ethylene glycol. The results show that the coated threads can have great industrial applications as conduction wire substitute.

Green Synthesis of Antibacterial Cotton Nanocomposites with In Situ Generation of Copper Nanoparticles Using Senna auriculata Leaf Extract as Reductant

Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were bio synthesized instantaneously in nanocomposite cotton fabrics (NCFs), utilizing aqueous Senna auriculata (SA) plant leaves solution as reductant. These NCFs with in situ generation of CuNPs were analyzed with different spectrophotometers such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) combined with electron dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Thermogravimetric and Derivative thermogravimetric analysis (TGA and DTA), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The formed CuNPs were tested for their antibacterial and mechanical properties. The SEM results revealed that the bio synthesized CuNPs were spherical in shape and most of them with a mean size of 100 nm. The XRD studies explained the crystalline nature of CuNPs. These NCFs exhibited high thermal stability, good induced mechanical properties and acted as pathogenic killing agent against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The Young's modulus value was found to be 65.81 MPa. The enhanced properties and immediate generation of CuNPs in NCFs can be utilized in medical applications such as antibacterial beds in hospitals, napkins and to make packing materials.

In situ generation of antibacterial bimetallic silver and copper nanocomposites using Tinospora cordifolia leaf extract as bio reductant

The method of in situ generation was employed to produce binary silver and copper bimetallic nanocomposites (BNCFs) using lesser emission pollutant biological plant species i.e., Tinospora cordifolia (TC) leaf broth as reducing agent. The generated BNCFs were confirmed by different spectrophotometric studies i.e. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) along with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Primary and Secondary thermogravimetric (TG & DTG) analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The bio synthesized nanocomposite cotton fabrics (NCFs) were found to be spherical in shape and with an average size of 80nm from SEM analysis. The elements silver and copper were confirmed by observing peaks at 3keV and 1keV, respectively, from EDX spectra. The XRD studies revealed the crystalline nature of BNCFs. TG and DTG analysis explained the catalytic activity of silver and copper with lesser thermal stability. The BNCFs showed good tensile properties, using universal testing machine. The BNCFs also exhibited good antibacterial activity against disease producing G+ve and G-Ve bacteria. The BNCFs mat be considered to make bandage cloths, napkins etc., in the medical field.

Preparation and properties of cotton nanocomposite fabrics with in situ generated copper nanoparticles using Red sanders powder extract as a reducing agent

Nanocomposite cotton fabrics with in situ generated copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were prepared using Pterocarpus santalinus (Red sanders) aqueous extraction as a reducing agent. The nanocomposite cotton fabrics made using different concentrated aqueous CuSO4.5H2O source solutions were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and antibacterial tests. The SEM analysis of nanocomposites indicated the presence of spherical CuNPs in the size range of 71–190 nm. FTIR spectra indicated the involvement of hydroxyl and ether groups of aqueous extraction of Red sanders powder in the in situ generation of CuNPs. These nanocomposite fabrics showed good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria. These nanocomposite cotton fabrics with in situ generated CuNPs can be considered in the medical field for wound cleaning and wound dressing purpose and for making aprons.

Preparation and characterization studies of modified cellulosic textile fabric composite with in situ-generated AgNPs coating

The growing interest of green technology concept in the field of biomedical application provides the thrust for the development of eco-friendly materials. Accordingly, the eco-friendly nanocomposites were prepared using in situ-generated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in cotton fabrics with various concentrations of aq. AgNO3 solutions (1–5 mM). All these nanocomposites were developed using Cassia alata leaf extract as a reducing agent through simple immersion process. The resulting nanocomposite cotton fabrics (NCFs) were characterized by SEM, EDX, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD and antibacterial activity tests. During and after the generation of AgNPs, the colour of the matrix changed from light brown to dark brown visually indicating the formation of NCFs. The SEM images and EDX spectra revealed the generation of spherical AgNPs in the size range of 20 nm to 119 nm. The X-ray analysis further confirmed the presence of AgNPs in the NCFs under study. These NCFs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria. Further, the NCFs under study also inhibited the growth of bacteria in sewerage water. Based on the antimicrobial activity results, these NCFs can be considered for wound dressing and for biomedical applications.

Antibacterial cotton fabrics with in situ generated silver and copper bimetallic nanoparticles using red sanders powder extract as reducing agent

Using aqueous extraction of red sanders powder as a reducing agent, silver and copper bimetallic nanoparticles were in situ generated in cotton fabrics. Silver and copper nanoparticles were also generated separately for comparison. The resulted nanocomposite cotton fabrics (NCFs) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and antibacterial tests. SEM analysis indicated the generation of more number of nanoparticles when bimetallic source solutions were used. Further, the size range of the generated bimetallic nanoparticles was found to be lower than when individual metal nanoparticles were generated in NCFs. XRD analysis confirmed the in situ generation of silver and copper nanoparticles when equimolar bimetallic salt source solutions were utilized. The NCFs with bimetallic nanoparticles exhibited higher antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and hence can be considered for applications as antibacterial bed and dressing materials.

In Situ Generation of Bimetallic Nanoparticles in Cotton Fabric Using Aloe Vera Leaf Extract, as a Reducing Agent

ABSTRACT In the present work, bimetallic nanoparticles were in situ generated in cotton fabrics using Aloe Vera extract as reducing agent. The nanocomposite cotton fabrics were prepared, individually with 5 mM concentrations of Ag and Cu salt solutions and equi.molar concentration of their combination, characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, and antibacterial tests. FT-IR studies reveal that nitro compounds and hydroxyl groups are involved in reduction of the metal salts into their metal nanoparticles. The nanocomposite cotton fabrics have shown good antibacterial activity for five bacteria. These fabrics can be used for dressing, wound healing, packaging, and medical applications.

Preparation and properties of silver nanocomposite fabrics with in situ-generated silver nano particles using red sanders powder extract as reducing agent

Nanocomposite cotton fabrics with in situ-generated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by using Pterocarpus santalinus (Red sanders) extract in water as a reducing agent. The formation of AgNPs was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The SEM analysis of nanocomposites showed the presence of spherical AgNPs with a size range of 71–90 nm. FTIR spectra showed the involvement of hydroxyl and methylene groups of cellulose matrix in reducing the silver salt into AgNPs in the presence of red sanders powder extract as reducing agent for the in situ generation of AgNPs. These nanocomposite fabrics exhibited good antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.

Antibacterial cotton fabric with in situ generated silver nanoparticles by one-step hydrothermal method

ABSTRACTThe cotton fabrics were immersed in 1–5 mM aqueous silver nitrate solutions maintained at 80°C for 24 h to in situ generate silver nanoparticles. The presence of silver nanoparticles in the nanocomposite films was proved by microscopic observation. Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated the role of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of cotton fabric in reducing the silver salt to nanosilver. The nanocomposite cotton fabrics showed good antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The antibacterial cotton fabrics can be considered for medical applications such as surgical aprons, wound cleaning, and dressing.

Green nanotechnology: A short cut to beneficiation of natural fibers

For the first time worldwide, it is shown that our novel nanocomposite produced from natural fibers vaccinated with glucose – by fully green nanotechnology – possesses surprising reactivity towards urea. Magic super absorbent carbamated nanocomposite cotton fabrics having remarkable distinguished properties were obtained in few minutes. It is well established that carbamates possess antibacterial effects. The produced magic nanocomposite fabrics, we discovered for the first time worldwide, find their use as woven or nonwoven hygienic pads, bandages or paper nanocomposites.