Aqueous Solutions Of NaNO3 Research Articles

Towards electrochemical machining of powder superalloy René 88DT with high surface integrity in different solvent-based electrolytes

Electrochemical machining (ECM) presents numerous applications in the production of aero-engine components. The effects of current density on surface quality during ECM of René 88DT in NaCl-ethylene glycol and NaNO3-aqueous solutions was investigated here. The results indicated that the René 88DT surface has lower sensitivity to current density and more homogeneous electrochemical dissolution in NaCl-glycol solution than in NaNO3-aqueous solution, which results in the suppression of stray corrosion and consistently high surface quality regardless of current density. These strengths are attributed that C2H5O2- and Cl- ions replace OH– ions and combine with alloy ions to form solubles and complexes, which prevent the formation of obstructive passive film, oxide layer, and insoluble electrolytic products. The electrochemical dissolution model in two solutions was established. Furthermore, the high tensile strength and precision machinability of René 88DT in NaCl-glycol solution were also demonstrated.

Gamma-irradiated janus electrospun nanofiber membranes for desalination and nuclear wastewater treatment

This study presents the fabrication of double-layer electrospun nanofibrous membranes (DL-ENMs) using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyether sulfone (PES) based polymers with different degrees of hydrophilicity (PES, sulfonated PES, and PES with hydroxyl terminals). A comparative analysis was carried out with single-layer electrospun nanofiber membranes (SL-ENM) with a total thickness of about 375 μm. Using feed solutions, including sodium chloride, sodium nitrate, and simulated nuclear wastewater (SNWW), the performance of DL-ENMs was evaluated for desalination and radionuclide decontamination by direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) and air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) techniques. The results showed that DL-ENMs, especially those incorporating a sulfonated PES-based hydrophilic layer, exhibited superior permeate fluxes, reaching values of 72.72 kg/m2.h and 73.27 kg/m2.h in the DCMD using aqueous feed solutions of NaCl and NaNO3, respectively, and 70.80 kg/m2.h and 41.96 kg/m2.h using aqueous feed solutions of SNWW in DCMD and AGMD, respectively. Both SL-ENMs and DL-ENMs exhibited high rejection efficiencies and decontamination factors for the feed solutions (>99.9%). In addition, the prepared ENMs were exposed to gamma radiation to evaluate their applicability in real-life applications. The result of irradiation revealed the negative impact of gamma radiation on the fluorine content of PVDF which could be a critical point in using PVDF as a hydrophobic material for decontaminating nuclear wastewater by membrane distillation.

Cross-Linked Polyacrylic-Based Hydrogel Polymer Electrolytes for Flexible Supercapacitors.

Hydrogel polymer electrolytes (GPEs), as an important component of flexible energy storage devices, have gradually received wide attention compared with traditional liquid electrolytes due to their advantages of good mechanical, bending, and safety properties. In this paper, two cross-linked GPEs of poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) or poly(acrylic acid-co-N-methylolacrylamide) with NaNO3 aqueous solution (P(AA-co-AM)/NaNO3 or P(AA-co-HAM)/NaNO3) were successfully prepared using radical polymerization, respectively, using acrylic acid (AA) as the monomer, N-methylolacrylamide (HAM) or acrylamide (AM) as the comonomer, and N, N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA) as the cross-linking agent. We investigated the morphology, glass transition temperature (Tg), ionic conductivities, mechanical properties, and thermal stabilities of the two GPEs. By comparison, P(AA-co-HAM)/NaNO3 GPE exhibits a higher ionic conductivity of 2.00 × 10-2 S/cm, lower Tg of 152 °C, and appropriate mechanical properties, which are attributed to the hydrogen bonding between the -COOH and -OH, and moderate cross-linking. The flexible symmetrical supercapacitors were assembled with the two GPEs and two identical activated carbon electrodes, respectively. The results show that the flexible supercapacitor with P(AA-co-HAM)/NaNO3 GPE shows good electrochemical performance with a specific capacitance of 63.9 F g-1 at a current density of 0.2 A g-1 and a capacitance retention of 89.4% after 3000 charge-discharge cycles. Our results provide a simple and practical design strategy of GPEs for flexible supercapacitors with wide application prospects.

Enhancing Surface Integrity of Micro-Holes Machined on Inconel 718 using Shaped Tube Electrochemical Machining via Hydroxide Mixing

This research explores enhancing surface integrity of high aspect ratio (AR>5) micro-holes machined on Inconel 718 using Shaped Tube Electrochemical Machining (STEM) by mixing limited amount of metal hydroxides in the different electrolyte solutions. Typically, STEM employs hazardous acid solutions. These solutions cause machine corrosion, environmental risks, and harm to operators. This research aims to explore eco-friendly and safe alternatives. The efficacy of adding NaOH or KOH to eco-friendly neutral aqueous solutions of NaCl, KBr, and NaNO3 on machined surfaces is expounded. We assess electrolyte mixing parameters, including concentration and composition, and explore the effects of varying electrolyte temperature, voltage, and tool feed rate. Surface assessment uses SEM, EDX, XRD, and profilometry. Results reveal that adding hydroxides to neutral salt solutions improves surface roughness and reduces pitting. Hydroxide ions aid in dissolving oxide films during STEM of Inconel 718. Under specific conditions (9 g l−1, 18°C, 8 V, 0.8 mm min−1), NO3│OH yielded the lowest Ra (1.64 μm), while Br│OH resulted in the highest Ra (2.14 μm) with pitting, cracks, and deposits. NO3│OH exhibited a 25% decrease in Ra when a hydroxide concentration rise from 3 g l−1 to 15 g l−1. This research supports eco-friendly STEM for improved surface quality without process performance compromise.

CA and/or EDTA functionalized magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles by oxidative precipitation from FeCl2 solution: structural and magnetic study

Four samples containing magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) of various sizes are prepared employing a simple low-temperature method of oxidative precipitation from FeCl2∙4H2O–NaOH–NaNO3 aqueous solution. For the preparation of two samples, the usual oxidation-precipitation synthesis protocol is modified by using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) chelating agent as a stabilizer of the Fe2+ ions in a solution, which results in the partial capping of the prepared MIONs with EDTA molecules. Three out of four samples are subjected to citric acid (CA) functionalization in the post synthesis protocol. Structural and magnetic properties of the synthesized MIONs are assessed using various experimental techniques (XRD, TEM, Fourier transform infrared, dynamic light scattering, Mössbauer, and SQUID). The average size of spherical-like MIONs is tuned from 7 nm to 38 nm by changing the synthesis protocol. Their room temperature saturation magnetization, M s, is in the range of 43 to 91 emu g−1. Magnetic heating ability, expressed via specific absorption rate value, which ranges from 139 to 390 W/gFe, is discussed in relation to their structural and magnetic properties and the possible energy dissipation mechanisms involved. The best heating performance is exhibited by the sample decorated with EDTA and with a bimodal size distribution with average particle sizes of 14 and 37 nm and M s = 87 emu g−1. Though this sample contains particles prone to form aggregates, capping with EDTA provides good colloidal stability of this sample, thus preserving the magnetic heating ability. It is demonstrated that two samples, consisting of 7 nm-sized CA- or 14 nm-sized EDTA/CA-functionalized superparamagnetic MIONs, with a similar hydrodynamic radius, heat in a very similar way in the relatively fast oscillating alternating current magnetic field, f = 577 kHz.

Zavitsas’ model of aqueous NaF solution activities utilizing hydration numbers reported from Dielectric Relaxation spectroscopy

Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy (DRS) measures the number of water molecules irrotationally bound to electrolytes, which is a similar concept to the hydration number in Zavitsas’ model of electrolyte solution thermodynamics. Zavitsas’ model assumes that some water molecules are bound to electrolytes so strongly that they act as part of the electrolyte rather than the solvent. Most monovalent electrolytes have linear water activity versus concentration plots at low concentrations and many sparingly soluble electrolytes like NaF are only soluble in the linear region. Multiparameter models fit to this data are statistically overparametrized. The present study relieves overparameterization by substituted the number of irrotationally bound water molecules determined by DRS for the hydration number in Zavitsas’ model and then optimized the NaF extent of dissociation (ie) to best fit water activity data. This ie value was consistent with and could be predicted by The Law of Matching Water Affinities. Using the resulting model parameters, the solubility of NaF was predicted in aqueous NaNO3 solutions without having to optimize any parameters to the solubility data. These results demonstrates that DRS can be used to parametrize Zavitsas’ model.

Ion-dipole complex effect on activity coefficient of L-methionine in aqueous NaCl and NaNO3 solutions

Ion-dipole complex effect on activity coefficient of L-methionine in aqueous NaCl and NaNO3 solutions

Developing Metal Complexes for Captopril Quantification in Tablets Using Potentiometric and Conductometric Methods.

Potentiometric and conductometric methods were successfully applied to elucidate the interaction of 10 ions, viz., Cr3+, Fe3+, La2+, Th4+, Co2+, Mn2+, Pd2+, Sr2+, Ti2+, and Zr2+, with the antihypertensive drug captopril (CAP) and its role to determine CAP in pure powder and tablet forms. The ionization constant of CAP and the generated complexes' stability constants (log K) were evaluated using potentiometric and conductometric methods at 25 ± 0.1 °C and 0.05 M ionic strength (I) of NaNO3 aqueous solution, and CAP was then determined in pure powder and tablet forms. Complexes having metal:ligand ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and/or 1:3 were produced, regardless of the type of the ligand or metal ions. Both the suggested potentiometric and conductometric procedures were utilized to confirm the stoichiometry of the M-CAP binary complexes formed. These two different techniques were utilized successfully to determine CAP in pure powder and tablet forms. Using the standard addition method (SAM) based on the Gran plot, CAP was satisfactorily determined throughout the concentration range of 0.83-13.04 mg/mL (SD = 0.20, R = 0.9986 (n = 5)), with a detection limit of 0.64 mg/mL (SD = 0.20, R = 0.9986 (n = 5)). In the presence of common tablet excipients, no interferences were observed. The percentage of CAP recovered from various dosage formulations (tablets) varied from 95.88 to 99.92%.

The Synthesis of ZnMn2O4 by Glycine Nitrate Combustion and an Examination of Its Electrochemical Properties in Aqueous Solutions of ZnCl2 and NaNO3

The Synthesis of ZnMn2O4 by Glycine Nitrate Combustion and an Examination of Its Electrochemical Properties in Aqueous Solutions of ZnCl2 and NaNO3

Structural Characterization of Polysaccharide Derived from Gastrodia elata and Its Immunostimulatory Effect on RAW264.7 Cells.

A polysaccharide from Gastrodia elata (named GEP-1) was isolated with a DEAE-52 column and Sephadex G-100 column. The structural characteristics showed that GEP-1 was mainly composed of glucose (92.04%), galactose (4.79%) and arabinose (2.19%) with a molecular weight of 76.444 kDa. The polydispersity (Mw/Mn) of GEP-1 was 1.25, indicating that the distribution of molar mass (Mw) was relatively narrow, which suggested that GEP-1 was a homogeneous polysaccharide. Moreover, the molecular conformation plot of the root mean square (RMS) radius (<rg2> 1/2) versus Mw yielded a line with a slope less than 0.33 (0.15 ± 0.02), displaying that GEP-1 is a compact and curly spherical molecule in NaNO3 aqueous solution. NMR and methylation analyses revealed that the main chain structure of GEP-1 was α-(1→4)-glucans. Furthermore, it was proven that GEP-1 possessed cytoproliferative and enhancing phagocytic activities and induced cytokine (TNF-α, IL1-β) and nitric oxide (NO) release in macrophages by upregulating the related gene expression. In addition, the RNA-seq results suggested that the GEP-1-induced immunomodulatory effect was mainly caused by activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which was further verified by NF-κB ELISA and pathway inhibition assays. As a result, GEP-1 exhibits the potential to be developed as a novel cheap immunostimulant without obvious toxicity.

Composite metal phosphates for selective adsorption and immobilization of cesium, strontium, and cobalt radionuclides in ceramic matrices

Zr–Ca–Mg composite phosphates of various chemical compositions were prepared by facile heterogeneous synthesis and their adsorption properties towards 137Cs, 85,90Sr, 60Co radionuclides were studied. The obtained composites showed a high efficiency for 137Cs, 85,90Sr, and 60Co adsorption (Kd > 104 mL/g) from model 0.1M NaNO3 aqueous solution. A sharp decrease in adsorption properties was found against 0.01M CaCl2 and seawater background, due to a decrease in the adsorbents selectivity. Zr–Ca–Mg phosphates exhibited high efficiency of radionuclides immobilization during metal ions leaching in water (desorption efficiency ∼10%). At the same time, the desorption rate of radionuclides in seawater solutions increased by 4–8 times. Calcination of saturated adsorbents at 1000 °C led significantly to increase in the efficiency of radionuclides immobilization. Thus, the activity of 60Со and 85Sr radionuclides in seawater solutions after exposure for 28 days did not exceed the lower detection limit, and the desorption efficiency of 137Cs was less than 4%. This was due to the formation of mixed Cо0.5Zr0.5(PO4), SrZr4(PO4)6 phosphates, characterized by high efficiency of radionuclides immobilization. The obtained Zr–Ca–Mg composite phosphates are promising materials for the adsorption and immobilization of 137Cs, 85,90Sr, and 60Co radionuclides.

In situ spatiotemporal solute imaging of metal corrosion on the example of magnesium

Visualization and quantification of corrosion processes is essential in materials research. Here we present a new approach for 2D spatiotemporal imaging of metal corrosion dynamics in situ. The approach combines time-integrated Mg2+ flux imaging by diffusive gradients in thin films laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (DGT LA-ICP-MS) and near real-time pH imaging by planar optodes. The parallel assessment of Mg2+ flux and pH distributions on a fine-structured, bare Mg alloy (b-WE43) showed intense Mg dissolution with Mg2+ flux maxima up to 11.9 ng cm−2 s−1 and pH increase >9 during initial corrosion (≤15 min) in aqueous NaNO3 solution (c = 0.01 mol L−1). The techniques visualized the lower initial corrosion rate in buffered synthetic body fluid (Hank's balanced salt solution; pH 7.6) compared to unbuffered NaNO3 (pH 6.0), but precise localization of Mg corrosion remains challenging under these conditions. To further demonstrate the capability of DGT LA-ICP-MS for spatiotemporal metal flux imaging at the microscale, a coated Mg alloy (c-WE43) with lower reactivity was deployed for ≤120 min. The high spatial resolution (∼10 μm × 80 μm) and low limits of detection (≤0.04 ng cm−2 s−1, t = 60 min) enabled accurate in situ localization and quantification (Urel = 20%, k = 2) of distinct Mg2+ flux increase, showing micro-confined release of Mg2+ from surface coating defects on c-WE43 samples. The presented approach can be extended to other metal species and applied to other materials to better understand corrosion processes and improve material design in technological engineering.

Significance of waveform design to achieve bipolar electrochemical jet machining of passivating material via regulation of electrode reaction kinetics

Electrochemical machining (ECM) using the bipolar pulse technique shows significant potential for the effective machining of prone-to-passivation materials. However, despite its success in machining specific materials (e.g. tungsten carbide), the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study presents an in-depth analysis of the interplay between cathodic polarisation (CP) and anodic oxidation in bipolar pulse electrochemical jet machining (bipolar-EJM). An observational study of the structural changes in the anodic oxide film indicated that the oxide broke down by electrochemical reduction and mechanical damage when subjected to CP. The electrochemical kinetics at the electrode interface, particularly the proton transport and discharge reactions, were discussed to elucidate the mechanism. This study first discloses that the bipolar pulse waveform plays a crucial role in overcoming the oxide film and achieving machining in bipolar-EJM. Variations in waveform shape result in distinct interactions of the cathodic pulse with the anodically formed surface oxide. A principal approach of bipolar-EJM was thus developed to effectively remove or eliminate passive oxide films by controlling the bipolar pulse. The material removal mechanism of the developed method is described and the corresponding kinetic model of the electrode reactions is presented. For verification, the bipolar-EJM of the strongly passivating metal niobium (Nb) is first demonstrated in a pH-neutral NaNO3 aqueous solution, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method. The new insights into the bipolar pulse process established here will is believed to provide valuable guidance to advance the bipolar electrochemical process, including ECM and electrochemical polishing.

Chain conformations and steady-shear viscosity properties of pectic polysaccharides from apple and tomato.

In this study, apple pectin (AP) and tomato pectin (TP) were demonstrated to be a high-ester (74.8%) polysaccharide with the weight-average molecular weight (Mw ) of∼243kDa and a low-ester (45.9%) polysaccharide with the Mw of∼19kDa, respectively. The semi-rigid chain conformations of pectic polysaccharides in NaNO3 aqueous solution were deduced according to the Smidsrød "B values" of AP (0.025) and TP (0.029), while AP and TP exhibited higher stiffness in water due to the electric repulsion of carboxyl groups, which was visually observed by AFM images. Under steady shear, the shear-thickening behaviors of AP and TP in NaNO3 aqueous solutions were observed in the shear rate range of<1s-1, which were attributed to the disruption of the ordered arrangement induced by semi-rigid pectin chains into randomly entangled structure by weak shear force. AP exhibited stronger shear-thickening behavior due to the formation of more entanglements resulted from the higher Mw and longer side chains highly branched at rhamngalacturonan region. This study provides the scientific basis for the construction of the relationship of steady-shear property with chain conformation and molecular weight of pectin.

Kinetically revealed transfer mechanism of europium (III) in tributyl phosphate microdroplet/NaNO3 aqueous solution system by fluorescence microspectroscopy

In the present study, we investigate the mechanism of the extraction of Eu(III) with a tributyl phosphate (TBP) microdroplet using fluorescence microspectroscopy. The TBP microdroplet is immobilized in a microcavity, and an interface between TBP and an NaNO3 aqueous solution is formed by immersion of the droplet-immobilizing device. The fluorescence intensity change in the TBP microdroplet during Eu(III) extraction is monitored in real time. As a result, we demonstrate that the rate-determining process is the interfacial reaction of Eu(III) in the TBP/aqueous solution system. To elucidate the reaction mechanism of Eu(III) at the interface, the dependences of the mass-transfer rate constants on the NO3− and TBP concentrations are investigated. Consequently, the mechanism of Eu(III) extraction, in which two nitrate ions and one TBP molecule are involved in the interfacial reaction, is quantitatively revealed. The interfacial reaction rate constant is determined to be (1.3–1.9) × 10−6 m M−3 s−1 for the forward reaction and (3.0–3.6) × 10−6 m s−1 for the backward reaction. The present approach allows us to analyze the extraction kinetics in a manner that is not possible in a bulk solution and will provide an effective strategy for developing solvent extraction.

A branched galactoglucan with flexible chains from the basidioma of Macrolepiota albuminosa (Berk.) Pegler

A homogeneous galactoglucan was purified from the alkali-extracted polysaccharides from the basidioma of Macrolepiota albuminosa by gradient ethanol precipitation, whose proposed structure was given for the first time. Results showed it had a molecular weight of 210 kDa, and mainly consisted of glucose and galactose. There were abundant filaments, randomly distributed sheet-like and flaky appearance in its surface by SEM observation. Its backbone comprised β-(1 → 6)-Glcp, α-(1 → 6)-Galp and β-(1 → 3,6)-Glcp residues at 4:1:1, terminated by β-(1 → 3)-Glcp and T-Glcp residues. Rheological measurements suggested its steady flow behavior was highly dependent on concentrations. Newtonian behavior was evident at low concentrations, whereas pseudoplastic behavior was observed at high concentrations. Besides, the X-ray diffraction patterns proved the presence of amorphous structure. The conformational parameters were detected by HPSEC-MALLS-RI, revealing a random coil conformation in NaNO3 aqueous solution. This work provides a theoretical basis for the application of polysaccharides from M. albuminosa in food- and drug-based therapies.

One-step construction of δ-MnO2 cathodes with an interconnected nanosheet structure on graphite paper for high-performance aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors

Among various supercapacitor materials, transition metal oxides have attracted wide attention due to their high theoretical capacitance, and however a great challenge associated with the related materials is to fabricate nanostructured electrodes with high comprehensive performance including high capacitance, excellent cycle stability and good rate performance by a simple and green method. Herein, a high-performance self-supporting cathode consisting of interconnected δ-MnO2 nanosheets on graphite paper (GP) is developed by water bath only at 40°C. Benefiting from the synergetic effects from the interconnected and open nanosheet structure of δ-MnO2 and the GP substrate including effective contact with the electrolyte, a large specific surface area, efficient stress relief, improved ion diffusion and charge transfer, and small equivalent series resistance, a high specific capacitance of 446.6 F g–1 at 1 A g–1, 1.3 V potential window, and outstanding cycle stability with the capacitance retention of ~ 86.1% after 10000 cycles at 8 A g–1 and Columbic efficiency around 100% during cycling can be achieved for the cathodes. The aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors assembled using the δ-MnO2 cathode and active carbon anode and 1 M NaNO3 aqueous solution electrolyte can deliver a specific energy of 47.2 and 19.8 W h kg−1 at 1150 and 115000 W kg−1, respectively. Moreover, long cycle stability with 87.2% capacitance retention even after 30000 cycles at 4 A g−1 can be maintained by the ASCs. Thanks to the simple and green preparation and high performance of the electrodes, valuable exploration of developing high-performance ASCs can be provided by this work.

The NaxMnO2 materials prepared by a glycine-nitrate method as advanced cathode materials for aqueous sodium-ion rechargeable batteries

Cathodic material for sodium-ion rechargeable batteries based on NaxMnO2 were synthesized by glycine nitrate method and subsequent annealing at high temperatures. Different crystal structures with different morphologies were obtained depending on the annealing temperature: hexagonal layeredα-Na0.7MnO2.05 nanoplates were obtained at 850 °C, while 3-D tunnel structured Na0·4MnO2 and Na0·44MnO2, both with rod-like morphology, were obtained at 800 °C and 900 °C, respectively. The investigations of the electrochemical behavior of obtained cathodic materials in aqueous NaNO3 solution have shown that Na0·44MnO2 obtained at 900 °C has shown the best battery performance. Its initial discharge capacities are 123.5 mA h/g, 113.2 mA h/g, and 102.0 mA h/g at the high current densities of 1000, 2000 and 5000 mA/g, respectively.

Electrochemical dissolution behavior of S-04 high-strength stainless steel in NaNO3 aqueous solution

The excellent strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance of high-strength stainless steel has led to its extensive use in the chemical, nuclear, aerospace, and aviation industries. To shape this hard-to-cut material, electrochemical machining is a promising process. However, few reports have focused on the electrochemical dissolution behavior of high-strength stainless steel. Therefore, we focus herein on the electrochemical dissolution behavior of S-04 high-strength stainless steel in NaNO3 aqueous solution. The current efficiency indicates that current density can be divided into three regions (I, II, and III). Interestingly, a black machined surface appears in regions II and III, and the machined surface is shiny for region III. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that the black machined surface is mainly due to the presence of Fe3O4. In addition, γ-Fe2O3 was also detected on the black machined surface in region III, whereas both γ-Fe2O3 and α-Fe2O3 were also detected on the black machined surface in regions I and II. Moreover, dissolution morphologies examined by SEM/EDX at different current densities and machining times showed that a good surface finish of the S-04 specimen can be obtained in region III. Finally, grooves with black surfaces in regions II and III were obtained by electrochemical milling.

Static permittivity of environmentally relevant low-concentration aqueous solutions of NaCl, NaNO3, and Na2SO4.

In this paper, the result of a systematic study and molecular mechanisms governing the dielectric spectra of aqueous solutions of NaCl, NaNO3, and Na2SO4 with environmentally relevant concentrations (∼mmol/l) are presented, for frequencies from 200 MHz up to 20 GHz and at temperature 25.00 ± 0.01 °C. The measured spectra were fitted with a Debye relaxation model using a non-linear, weighted, least-squares analysis. Conductivity was measured independently to reduce uncertainty in obtaining other parameters by spectral fitting. Careful experimentation provided dielectric data of sufficiently low uncertainty to enable observation of polarization mechanisms that emerge only in the low-concentration regime. The data were fitted by a concentration-dependent parametric model that includes terms accounting for internal depolarizing fields and the solvent dilution effect (mixture relation), the kinetic depolarization effect, the dielectric saturation effect, and the Debye-Falkenhagen effect that accounts for the contribution of ionic atmosphere polarization. It has been shown that, in NaCl and NaNO3 solutions at sufficiently low concentrations, the static permittivity increases due to the Debye-Falkenhagen effect. It has also been shown that, to calculate the number of irrotationally bound water molecules ZIB, the measured static permittivity values should be corrected to account for the contributions of kinetic depolarization and Debye-Falkenhagen effects. Otherwise, unrealistic values of ZIB are obtained. An explanation for the different strengths of the Debye-Falkenhagen effect observed for the different electrolyte solutions, essentially due to the electrophoretic effect and coordination number, is also presented.