Nano-selenium Supplementation Research Articles

Nano-selenium supplementation: improving growth, digestibility and mineral absorption in freshwater fish, Catla catla

BackgroundThis research investigated the impact of selenium-nanoparticles (Se-NPs) supplemented in sunflower meal (SM)-based diets on digestibility, mineral absorption, and growth performance of Catla catla. Se-NPs were added to seven test meals in varying amounts (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 mgkg− 1). A total of 315 fish were evenly allocated three replicate tanks, with 15 fish per tank, and given diets equivalent to (5%) of their wet biomass daily for a period of 90 days.ResultsThe test diet (T-D) supplemented with 1.5 mgkg− 1 Se-NPs yielded remarkable results, including a significant increase in mean weight gain (14 g), an impressive average weight gain percentage (208%), a 100% survival rate, with no mortality observed and the highest specific growth rate (1.25). Moreover, 1.5 mgkg− 1 Se-NPs (T-D-IV) demonstrated superior nutritional digestibility (CP, 76%; CF, 79% and GE, 74%). Additionally, the diet 1.5 mgkg− 1 Se-NPs showed enhanced mineral absorption (K, P, Ca, Na, Zn, Cu and Fe) than other diets.ConclusionIt was practically proven that the growth indices, nutrient absorption, and mineral status of C. catla were significantly improved by Se-NPs supplemented SM-based diets, with the optimum level of supplementation being 1.5 mgkg− 1.

Comparative effects of various dietary selenium sources on growth performance, meat quality, essential trace elements content, and antioxidant capacity in broilers

This study aimed to compare the effects of various dietary selenium (Se) sources (0.5 mg/kg) on performance, meat quality, and antioxidant capacity in broilers as well as essential trace elements concentrations in their blood and tissues. A total of 360 one-day-old male yellow-feathered chickens (37.00 ± 0.17 g) were randomly allocated to 5 diet treatments: the basal diet (CON) and 4 diets supplemented with sodium selenite (SS), selenomethionine (SM), selenium-enriched yeast (SY), and nano-selenium (NS) for 56 d, respectively, with 6 replicates per treatment and 12 chickens per replicate. Dietary Se supplementation did not affect growth performance and carcass characteristics in broilers (P > 0.05). Supplemental SM enhanced the redness in the pectoral muscle compared to CON and NS (P < 0.05). Supplementation of SY and NS improved the concentrations of Se, copper, manganese, and zinc in the serum (P < 0.05). Supplemental SS also elevated the zinc content in the serum (P < 0.05). Broilers fed the SY diet showed increased Se content in the liver and pectoral muscle compared to those fed CON, SM, and NS diets (P < 0.05). Also, SY improved the pectoral muscle Se concentration compared to SS (P < 0.05). Besides, dietary Se supplementation increased the Se content in the thigh muscle (P < 0.05), with SY showing highest Se deposition. Dietary supplementation with SS, SM, and NS improved the activities of total superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the serum (P < 0.05). Supplemental SY also elevated the T-AOC in the serum (P < 0.05). Additionally, SS and SM enhanced the T-AOC in the liver (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplemental SM affected meat color. Supplementing diets with various Se sources increased antioxidant capacity and Se content in the thigh muscle of broilers, with SY showing a more pronounced deposition efficiency. Besides, diets supplemented with different Se sources had variable effects on the concentrations of essential trace elements in the serum and tissues of broilers.

Dietary nano-Selenium supplementation improves growth performance, nutrient digestibility and hematology in Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings

The following investigation was carried out to determine the effects of Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) on the growth rates, nutrient digestibility, and hematology of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings fed sunflower meal as basal diet. The experiment included seven test diets with varying Se levels (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 mg/kg) based on Se NPs supplementation. Chromic oxide, an inert maker, was also added. Fingerlings were fed at a rate of 5% of their body weight. The test meal of 1 mg/kg Se NPs resulted in the highest weight gain (12.31 g) and the lowest feed conversion ratio (1.58). Best hematological indices (RBCs 2.84 106 mm−3, WBCs 7.79 103 mm−3, PLT 66, Hb 8.5 g/100 ml, PCV 25% and MCV 190 fl) and maximum nutrient absorption (crude protein 72%, ether extract 73% and gross energy 67%) were also observed in the case of 1 mg/kg supplementation of Se NPs. Hematology studies indicated that when fish were fed 0.5 mg/kg Se NPs, their levels began to rise. Maximum results were achieved with feed containing 1 mg/kg of Se NPs, but when the concentration increased above 1 mg/kg, the values began to decline. Instead, nutrient digestibility began to increase when the concentration of Se NPs increased to 1 mg/kg and abruptly started to decline with a further increase in Se NPs. The results demonstrated that a sunflower meal-based diet supplemented with Se NPs (1 mg/kg) increased the growth performance, nutritional digestibility, and hematology of C. mrigala fingerlings.

Protective effects of functional Nano-Selenium supplementation on spleen injury through regulation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB protein expression

Selenium (Se) is a trace element necessary for humans to maintain normal physiological activities, and Se deficiency may lead to splenic injury, while Se supplementation can alleviate splenic injury. However, the mechanism is unclear. In this study, we constructed a Se deficiency animal model by feeding Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with low Se feed. Meanwhile, we observed the repairing effect of Se supplementation on splenic injury with two doses of novel nano-selenium (Nano-Se) supplement by gavage. We measured the Se content in the spleens of the rats by atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) method and combined the results of hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining to observe the splenic injury, comprehensively evaluating the construction of the animal model of low selenium-induced splenic injury. We measured the mRNA and protein expression levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the spleen by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blot (WB), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). We found that the Se deficiency group exhibited lower Se content, splenic fibrosis, and high expression of p38 MAPK, NF-κB, and IL-6 compared to the normal group. The Se supplement groups exhibited higher Se content, attenuated splenic injury, and down-regulated expression of p38 MAPK, NF-κB, and IL-6 relative to the Se deficiency group. This study suggests that Se deficiency leads to splenic injury in rats, and Se supplementation may attenuate splenic injury by inhibiting the expression of p38 MAPK, NF-κB and IL-6.

Effects of 6-Week Interval Aerobic Training (IAT) and Nano-Selenium Supplementation on Laminin α5 and Collagen IV Expression in the Extracellular Matrix of Alveolar Epithelial Cells in the Lungs of Healthy and Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Rats

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of six weeks of interval aerobic training (IAT) and nano-selenium supplementation on laminin α5 and collagen IV expression in the extracellular matrix of alveolar epithelial cells in the lungs of cigarette smoke-exposed rats. Methods and Materials: This experimental laboratory study used thirty-five male Wistar rats weighing 180-220 grams. The rats were randomly divided into seven groups: Healthy control, COPD control, COPD IAT, Healthy IAT, Healthy Selenium, Healthy Selenium-IAT, and COPD Selenium-IAT. Cigarette smoke extract was used to induce lung injury. Nano-selenium particles were administered via gavage. Interval aerobic training was performed for six weeks, five days per week. The expression of laminin α5 and collagen IV in the extracellular matrix of alveolar epithelial cells was evaluated. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, two-way ANOVA, and Tukey's post hoc test. Findings: Two-way ANOVA showed a significant difference in laminin α5 expression between the healthy control and COPD control groups (P=0.011), but no significant difference for collagen IV (P=0.971). There was also a significant difference in laminin α5 expression between the COPD control and COPD + IAT groups (P=0.011), but no significant difference for collagen IV (P=0.999). No significant differences in laminin α5 and collagen IV expression were found between the control and training or supplementation groups (P=0.999). Conclusion: The results suggest that six weeks of interval aerobic training may be beneficial for mitigating the negative effects of cigarette smoke on laminin α5 expression in the lungs of rats with induced COPD.

Effects of nanoselenium supplementation on lactation performance, nutrient digestion and mammary gland development in dairy cows

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the influence of nanoselenium (NANO-Se) addition on milk production, milk fatty acid synthesis, the development and metabolism regulation of mammary gland in dairy cows. Forty-eight Holstein dairy cows averaging 720 ± 16.8 kg of body weight, 66.9 ± 3.84 d in milk (dry matter intake [DIM]) and 35.2 ± 1.66 kg/d of milk production were divided into four treatments blocked by DIM and milk yields. Treatments were control group, low-Se (LSe), medium-Se (MSe) and high-Se (HSe) with 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg Se, respectively, from NANO-Se per kg dietary dry matter (DM). Production of energy- and fat-corrected milk (FCM) and milk fat quadratically increased (p < 0.05), while milk lactose yields linearly increased (p < 0.05) with increasing NANO-Se addition. The proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) linearly decreased (p < 0.05), while proportions of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) linearly increased and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) quadratically increased. The digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) quadratically increased (p < 0.05). Ruminal pH quadratically decreased (p < 0.01), while total VFA linearly increased (p < 0.05) with increasing NANO-Se addition. The acetic to propionic ratio decreased (p < 0.05) linearly due to the unaltered acetic molar percentage and a quadratical increase in propionic molar percentage. The activity of CMCase, xylanase, cellobiase and pectinase increased linearly (p < 0.05) following NANO-Se addition. The activity of α-amylase increased linearly (p < 0.01) with an increase in NANO-Se dosage. Blood glucose, total protein, estradiol, prolactin, IGF-1 and Se linearly increased (p < 0.05), while urea nitrogen concentration quadratically decreased (p = 0.04). Moreover, the addition of Se at 0.3 mg/kg from NANO-Se promoted (p < 0.05) mRNA and protein expression of PPARγ, SREBP1, ACACA, FASN, SCD, CCNA2, CCND1, PCNA, Bcl-2 and the ratios of p-ACACA/ACACA and BCL2/BAX4, but decreased (p < 0.05) mRNA and protein expressions of Bax, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9. The results suggest that milk production and milk fat synthesis increased by NANO-Se addition by stimulating rumen fermentation, nutrients digestion, gene and protein expressions concerned with milk fat synthesis and mammary gland development.

Treadmill exercise with nanoselenium supplementation affects the expression of Irisin/FNDC5 and semaphorin 3A in rats exposed to cigarette smoke extract.

In the current study, we investigated the impacts of 6 weeks of aerobic interval training (AIT) with selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on muscle, serum, and lung irisin (FNDC5) and Sema3A in rats exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). To this end, 49 male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were divided into seven groups: control, SeNPs (2.5mg/kg b.w by oral gavage, 3days/week, 6weeks), AIT (49min/day, 5days/week for 6weeks, interval), SeNPs + AIT, CSE (150 µL by IP injection, 1day/week for 6weeks), CSE + AIT, and CSE + SeNPs + AIT. The CSE group showed a significant reduction in irisin and Sema3A serum levels, as well as a decrease in FNDC5 and Sema3A gene expression in lung tissue (p < 0.05). A combined treatment (AIT with SeNPs) significantly increased the serum level and the expression of muscle and lung irisin (FNDC5) and Sema3A in CSE received groups (p < 0.05). There was a positive and significant correlation between muscle FNDC5 and lung FNDC5 in the CSE + SeNPs + AIT group (r = 0.92, p = 0.025). In addition, there was a positive and significant correlation between serum Sema3A and lung Sema3A of CSE + SeNPs + AIT group (r = 0.97, p = 0.004). Seemingly, performing aerobic exercises with the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory supplement nano-selenium in the model of lung damage (similar to COPD) can boost myokine irisin and Sema3A, especially in serum and lung tissue. These results displayed the paracrine/endocrine regulatory function of these myokines on other tissues. In other words, these interventions emphasized the creation of crosstalk between skeletal muscles and damaged lung, focusing on its recovery; however, further research is needed.

High-intensity interval training and intake nano-selenium supplementation on the gene expression of hepatic SOD and CAT in dexamethasone-induced rats

High-intensity interval training and intake nano-selenium supplementation on the gene expression of hepatic SOD and CAT in dexamethasone-induced rats

Supplementation of nano-selenium (SeNPs) improved growth, immunity, antioxidant enzyme activity, and selenium retention in broiler chicken during summer season.

The present experiment was aimed at finding the optimal supplemental dose of nano-selenium in broiler chicken during the summer season for better performance in terms of growth, blood metabolites, immune response, antioxidant status, and selenium concentration in vital organs. Three-hundred-day-old Vencobb broiler chicks were randomly distributed into five dietary treatment groups with six replicates of 10 chicks each. The dietary treatments were as follows: T1 (control group), basal diet; T2, basal diet with 0.0375ppm of nano-Se; T3, basal diet with 0.075ppm of nano-Se; T4, basal diet with 0.15ppm of nano-Se; T5, basal diet with 0.3ppm of nano-Se. The experiment was carried out for 35days. The average gain and feed conversion ratio were best observed in T4 and T5. The antibody titres were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the treated birds. At the 5th week, erythrocytic glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly (P < 0.05) higher and lipid peroxidation values were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in all the nano-Se-treated groups. The Se levels in the liver, breast muscle, kidney, brain, and gizzard were significantly (P < 0.05) increased with increased dietary nano-Se. Histological studies of the liver and kidney in the highest nano-Se-treated groups (T4 and T5) did not show any abnormal changes. It is concluded that supplementation of nano-selenium at 0.15ppm over and above the basal level improved the performance and protect the birds from summer stress without any adverse effect on the vital organs of chicken.

Effects of dietary nano-selenium supplementation on Riemerella anatipestifer vaccinated and challenged Pekin ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos)

Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) is a common disease causing economic losses to duck farms worldwide. Novel supplements are crucially needed to control this bacterium, enhance poultry performance, and produce synergistic effects with vaccines in stimulating the immune system. This study investigated the effect of nano-selenium (Nano-Se) on the vaccinated (VAC) and challenged (Ch) Pekin ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos) with RA. Five experimental groups (G1-G5) were included in this study: G1 was the control group, G2 was the RA-challenged group, G3 was the Nano-Se+Ch group, G4 was the VAC+Ch group, and G5 was the Nano-Se+VAC+Ch group. The Nano-Se (0.3 mg/kg diet) was supplemented for 5 weeks post-vaccination (PV). The ducklings were vaccinated subcutaneously with the RA vaccine at 7 days of age and challenged with RA at the 3rd week PV. Blood, pharyngeal swabs and tissue samples were collected at the 3rd week PV and at different times post-challenge (PC). The growth performance (weight gain and feed conversion ratio), clinical signs, gross lesions, mortality, bacterial shedding, haematological, immunological, and biochemical parameters, cytokines production, and histopathological lesion scores showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between the challenged (G2) group and the supplemented (G3 & G5) groups. G5 showed the highest (P < 0.05) growth performance, phagocytic activity, IgM and IgG, splenic interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-10, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) gene expressions, and the lowest mortality, bacterial shedding, hepatic and renal damage, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio and lesion scores compared to the other groups. In conclusion, the supplementation of nano-selenium for five weeks in the diet can improve the growth performance, immune status, and cytokines production in ducklings vaccinated and challenged with RA.

Dietary nano-selenium supplementation regulates lipid deposition, protein synthesis and muscle fiber formation in grass carp fed with high-fat diet.

The current study aims to confirm the positive effects of dietary nano-selenium (nano-Se) on nutrients deposition and muscle fiber formation in grass carp fed with high-fat diet (HFD) before overwintering and to reveal its possible molecular mechanism. The lipid deposition, protein synthesis and muscle fiber formation in grass carp fed with regular diet (RD), HFD or HFD supplemented with nano-Se (0.3 or 0.6 mg/kg) for 60 d were tested. Results show that nano-Se significantly reduced lipid content, dripping loss and fiber diameter (P < 0.05), but increased protein content, post-mortem pH24 h and muscle fiber density (P < 0.05) in muscle of grass carp fed with HFD. Notably, dietary nano-Se decreased lipid deposition in the muscle by regulating amp-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and increased protein synthesis and fiber formation in muscle by activating target of rapamycin (TOR) and myogenic determining factors (MyoD) pathways. In summary, dietary nano-Se can regulate the nutrients deposition and muscle fiber formation in grass carp fed with HFD, which exhibit potential benefit for improving flesh quality of grass carp fed with HFD.

Maternal supplementation of nano-selenium in a plant-based diet improves antioxidant competence of female Arabian yellowfin sea bream (Acanthopagrus arabicus) breeders and their progeny

Antioxidants such as selenium (Se) play vital roles in reproduction success and larval development in fish. A three-month feeding experiment was conducted to examine the impact of enriching a plant-based diet (60% of fishmeal was substituted with a blend of plant ingredients) with nano-selenium (nano-Se) on antioxidant metabolism in female brooders and the progeny of Arabian yellowfin sea bream (Acanthopagrus arabicus). At this point, the plant-based diet was supplemented with graded levels of nano-Se at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/Kg diet. Moreover, a fishmeal-based diet served as a positive control (FMD-Control). Broodfish were randomly distributed into eighteen 10 m3 rectangular concrete tanks (8 males and 8 females in each tank). Each experimental diet was subjected to three replications. Selenium retention increased in the serum, liver, ovary, eggs, and three-day larvae with increasing dietary nano-Se levels (P < 0.05). Supplementing the plant-based diet with 2–4 mg nano-Se/Kg significantly enhanced normal embryogenesis, fertilization, hatching, and larval survival rates. Generally, fish fed on plant-based diets with lower nano-Se supplementation (0–0.5 mg/Kg) had higher catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in the liver, ovaries, eggs, and larvae compared to the other groups. Glutathione peroxidase activity and total antioxidant capacity markedly increased, whereas lipid peroxidation decreased in the liver, ovary, serum, eggs, and progeny of broodfish fed with nano-Se supplemented diets (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of 2–4 mg nano-Se /Kg in a plan-based feed is recommended for the improvement of antioxidant defense in female A. arabicus brooders and their progeny.

Protective Effect of Mitophagy Regulated by mTOR Signaling Pathway in Liver Fibrosis Associated with Selenium.

Background: As a central organ of energy metabolism, the liver is closely related to selenium for its normal function and disease development. However, the underlying roles of mitochondrial energy metabolism and mitophagy in liver fibrosis associated with selenium remain unclear. Methods: 28 rats were randomly divided into normal, low-selenium, nano-selenium supplement-1, and supplement-2 groups for a 12-week intervention. We observed pathological and ultrastructural changes in the liver and analyzed the effects of selenium deficiency and nano-selenium supplementation on liver metabolic activities and crucial proteins expression of mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Results: Selenium deficiency caused liver pathological damage and fibrosis with the occurrence of mitophagy by disrupting normal metabolic activities; meanwhile, the mTOR signaling pathway was up-regulated to enhance mitophagy to clear damaged mitochondria. Furthermore, nano-selenium supplements could reduce the severity of pathological damage and fibrosis in livers and maintain normal energy metabolic activity. With the increased concentrations of nano-selenium supplement, swelling mitochondria and mitophagy gradually decreased, accompanied by the higher expression of mTOR and phosphorylation-modified mTOR proteins and lower expression of unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) and phosphorylation-modified ULK1 proteins. Conclusions: Mitophagy regulated by the mTOR signaling pathway plays a dual protective role on low-selenium inducing liver fibrosis and nano-selenium supplements preventing liver fibrosis. Mitochondrial energy metabolism plays an important role in these processes as well.

Dietary nanoselenium supplementation for heat-stressed rainbow trout: effects on organizational structure, lipid changes, and biochemical parameters as well as heat-shock-protein- and selenoprotein-related gene expression

Nanoselenium (nano-Se) shows unique protective effects against environmental heat stress in rainbow trout as a selenium source additive and free radical scavenger. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of supplementation with different levels of nano-Se (0, 5, and 10 mg/kg) and before and after heat stress (24°C) for different treatment times on the dynamic changes of rainbow trout liver tissue structure, lipid changes, biochemical properties, and gene expression. The results showed that, under heat stress, the fish supplementation of 5 mg/kg nano-Se significantly increased liver glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and upregulated expression levels of HSP70b, HSP90a1, GPx1a, and Trx mRNAs, while liver alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as well as tissue structure damage and lipid accumulation were decreased. Combining the trends for the above indicators indicated that stress began to increase significantly at 8 h. It can be concluded that supplementation with 5 mg/kg nano-Se effectively alleviates stress damage in rainbow trout. Furthermore, stress at 24°C for 8 h can be thought of as a critical time point for the study of heat stress in rainbow trout, with significant changes in response but no serious damage. Thus, these results provide a reference for the addition of nano-Se to rainbow trout feed and provide theoretical and practical guidance for enhancing the resistance of rainbow trout to heat stress.

Nano-selenium supplementation in plant protein-based diets changed thyroid hormones status and hepatic enzymes activity in Acanthopagrus arabicus female broodfish and their offspring

A feeding trial was conducted to assess the effects of nano-selenium (n.Se) supplementation in a plant protein (PP)-based diet on female Acanthopagrus arabicus broodfish and their offspring. Two basal diets were prepared: a fish meal (FM)-based diet (FM-control) as a positive control and a PP-based diet. The PP-based diet was supplemented with n.Se at five levels including 0 (PP-control, as a negative control), 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/ Kg. Brooders were fed for 90 days with one of the six experimental diets. Supplementing the PP-based diet with 2–4 mg n.Se/Kg markedly enhanced survival rate in 3-day post-hatch larvae (3DPH) larvae and total body length in newly born and 3DPH larvae. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) significantly decreased in females by supplementing PP-based diet with 1–4 mg n.Se/kg, meanwhile, serum thyroxine (T4) increased in females fed 1–4 mg n.Se/kg PP-based diets. The level of serum T3 in females fed FM-based diet was lower than those fed PP-based diet without n.Se supplementation (0.6 vs. 1.9 nmol/L−1). Meanwhile, the serum T4 was markedly higher in broodfish fed the FM-based diet than those fed the PP-based diet (21.9 vs. 14.3 nmol/L−1). The levels of T3 and T4 in 3DPH larvae originating from females fed the PP-based diet without n.Se supplementation were lower than in FM-based and n.Se supplemented PP-based groups (P < 0.05). Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased in females with increasing n.Se level in the PP-based diet. The highest and lowest ALP levels were in 3DPH larvae originating from females fed PP-based diet without n.Se supplementation and those fed with 1 mg n.Se/Kg PP-based diet, respectively (P < 0.05). The results of the present study suggest supplementing 2–4 mg n.Se in a PP-based diet can improve performance in A. arabicus brooders and larvae that are associated with modulation of thyroid hormones in this species.

Dietary supplementation of nano-selenium eliminates the negative effects of long-term ivermectin injection on growth and reproductive performance of female rabbits

Objective:We investigated the effects of a source of selenium [inorganic or nano-selenium (nano-Se)] on female V-line rabbits with or without injection of ivermectin (IVM).Material and Methods:Eighty four rabbits (12 weeks old) were randomly divided into 4 groups of 21 rabbits each with the basal diet supplemented as per the following treatments: G1 (control): inorganic Se at 0.3 mg/kg diet with no IVM injection; G2: inorganic Se with IVM injection; G3: nano-Se with no IVM injection; and G4: nano-Se with IVM injection. IVM was injected subcutaneously at 0.2 mg/kg body weight starting when the does were 14 weeks old and repeated weekly for five consecutive weeks.Results:Replacement of inorganic Se with nano-Se improved body weight and total body weight gain, total feed intake, average feed conversion ratio, and reproductive performance (age at puberty, number of service/conception, conception rate, number of kits/litter, and litter weight at birth). Similarly, sexual activity of does, serum estrogen levels, and serum levels of antioxidants (glutathione reduced, catalase, and malondialdehyde) increased in nano-Se-supplemented groups. Ivermectin treatment in inorganic Se-supplemented groups was detrimental to growth and reproductive performance, while these parameters improved in IVM-treated and nano-Se-supplemented groups.Conclusion:Nano-Se mitigated the negative effects of IVM treatment on the growth and reproductive performance of does.

Effects of dietary nano-selenium supplementation on broiler chicken performance, meat selenium content, intestinal microflora, intestinal morphology, and immune response

BackgroundSelenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that is important to both animals and humans. Furthermore, scientists are increasingly interested in boosting the Se content of food products for human consumption, such as Se-enriched meat, because it has been shown to have a positive effect on human health. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of green synthesized nano selenium (GNS) on broiler chicken growth performance, meat selenium content, intestinal microflora, intestinal morphology, and immune response to sodium selenite (SS) as inorganic Se. MethodsA total of 360 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to four experimental groups, each of six replicates of 15 birds. The experimental treatments were as follows: (1) based diet supplemented with 0.15 mg/kg of SS (control group), (2–4) basal diet supplemented with 0.075, 0.15 and 0.3 mg/kg of GNS respectively. ResultsThe results showed that different experimental diets had no significant effect on growth performance. Meat Se content increased with dietary GNS supplementation (P < 0.05). The birds fed dietary supplements GNS compared to SS had higher lactic acid bacteria counts and lactic acid bacteria/coliform ratios in ileum on day 42 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, as compared to SS, dietary supplementation of 0.3 mg GNS/kg significantly reduced coliform numbers in the cecum on day 42 (P < 0.05). Supplementation of 0.3 mg GNS/kg in the diet vs. SS at 21 days, there was a significant increase in VH/CD in the ileum and jejunum, as well as villus height and villus surface area in the ileum, and a decrease in crypt depth and epithelial cell layer thickness in the jejunum. Furthermore, at 42 days, birds fed 0.3 mg GNS/kg had higher villus height, villus surface area, and goblet cell density in the ileum and jejunum than birds fed SS (P < 0.05). Compared to SS, broilers fed 0.3 mg GNS/kg dietary supplementation had higher IgG at 42 days (P < 0.05). ConclusionIn comparison to the use of SS, it could be concluded that the inclusion of GNS as a novel Se source can improve meat Se content, intestinal microflora, intestinal morphology, and immune response.

A Novel Concept for Nano-Selenium Supplementation to Fight against COVID-19

A Novel Concept for Nano-Selenium Supplementation to Fight against COVID-19

Effect of Glycine Nano-Selenium Supplementation on Production Performance, Egg Quality, Serum Biochemistry, Oxidative Status, and the Intestinal Morphology and Absorption of Laying Hens.

The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using glycine nano-selenium (NS-Gly) as a feed supplement and to evaluate its influence on production performance, egg quality, serum biochemistry, oxidative status, and the intestinal morphology and absorption of laying hens. A total of 864 hens at 40weeks were randomly assigned into six groups including the basal diet (control, 0.13mg Se/kg); basal diet + 0.30mg Se/kg (Na2SeO3) diet; and basal diet + 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, and 0.60mg Se/kg (NS-Gly) diet. After 8weeks of Se supplementation, no difference was observed among the treatments on production performance and egg quality (P > 0.05). The levels of albumin (ALB) and alanine aminotransferase (GPT) were significantly influenced by dietary Se supplementation (P < 0.05). In the serum, the level of glutathione peroxide (GSH-Px) was significantly increased in the groups with the dietary NS-Gly supplementation (P < 0.05). The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels in all groups of NS-Gly supplementation had a remarkable increase (P < 0.05). In the liver, GSH-Px was significantly increased in 0.45 and 0.60mg/kg NS-Gly groups (P < 0.05). The activities of SOD and catalase (CAT) were significantly increased in the groups of 0.30mg/kg NS-Gly diet (P < 0.05). The results of intestinal morphology showed that the crypt depth was affected by higher dose groups of NS-Gly diets in the duodenum, and the differences (P < 0.05) were obtained in villus height, the crypt depth, and the V/C in the jejunum. In the ileum, a significant increase (P < 0.05) of villus height was observed in 0.15 and 0.3mg/kg Se-added groups. The V/C was the highest in the SS groups (P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of solute carrier family 3 member 1 (rBAT), solute carrier family 6 member 19 (B0AT1), and solute carrier family 15 member 1 (PepT1) increased at different degrees in the duodenum, especially in 0.15 and 0.60mg/kg NS-Gly groups (P < 0.05). In the jejunum, the expression of B0AT1 was similar to that in the duodenum, and the expression of rBAT increased significantly in the 0.30 and 0.45mg/kg NS-Gly groups (P < 0.05). The mRNA level of PepT1 increased significantly in the 0.30mg/kg SS group. Conclusively, dietary NS-Gly supplementation could improve the antioxidant capacity, as well as the structure of small intestine in laying hens, although have no significant effects on the production performance and egg quality.

Effect of Nano Selenium Supplementation on Selenium Retention, Growth Performance, Immunity and Product Quality in Poultry: A Mini Review

Effect of Nano Selenium Supplementation on Selenium Retention, Growth Performance, Immunity and Product Quality in Poultry: A Mini Review