Nano MgO Research Articles

Adsorptive removal of naproxen onto nano magnesium oxide-modified castor wood biochar: Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater via sequential Fenton's-adsorption process.

This current investigation explored the thermal conversion process of castor wood into biochar, which was subsequently harnessed for removing naproxen from pharmaceutical industrial effluent via adsorption. Surface composition analyses conducted through scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared studies unveiled the presence of nano MgO particles within the adsorbent material. Employing optimization techniques such as response surface methodology facilitated a refined approach to batch study. The optimized conditions for batch naproxen sodium (NPX) adsorption on nano-MgO-modified biochar were identified as pH 4, 1.5 g/L adsorbent dosage, and a 120-min contact time maintaining a constant NPX concentration of 10 mg/L. The adsorption capacity was calculated to be 123.34 mg/g for a nano-magnesium oxide-modified castor wood biochar (modified biochar) and 99.874 mg/g for pristine castor wood biochar (pristine biochar). Fenton's reagents comprising 15 mM of FeSO4 (7H2O) and 25 mM of H2O2 have been scrutinized under conditions of pH 3.0, a reaction time of 30 min, a temperature of 30°C, and stirring at 120 rpm, followed by batch adsorption treatment. The COD, NH3-N, NO3 -, PO4 3-, and NPX removal percentages was found to be 90%, 87%, 79%, 80%, and 90%, respectively. Thus nano MgO-modified biochar holds promise of treatment of pharmaceutical effluent.

Effect of OBS additive on dispersion of MgO in fluorocarbon solvent and deacidification for paper with different ages

Improving the dispersion or suspension of magnesium oxide micro/nanoparticles in fluorocarbon solvent is the key to ensure the efficient and stable deacidification of paper. Here, we chose a dispersant of sodium perfluorononenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS), to improve the dispersion stability of nano magnesium oxide (nano MgO) in a fluorocarbon solvent without affecting original performance of paper, and then optimized deacidification performance of paper. After addition of OBS, nano MgO was able to stably disperse in fluorocarbon solvent for up to 1 h. With 0.1 wt% OBS, nano MgO could have excellent deacidification effect and good alkali reserves on paper with different ages. In addition, the physical properties had been slightly impacted. MgO is uniformly dispersed in the cross-section of paper fibers, contributing to increasing the strength of paper sheet. Moreover, the paper still showed good resistance to acidification after dry-heat aging. Overall, this work provides an effective and simple paper deacidification method.

Antifungal and Antioxidant Properties of Some Artificial Antioxidants, Generally Recognized as Safe Compounds and Nano-Oxides

In this study, the usage potential of some artificial antioxidants, generally recognized as safe (GRAS) compounds and nano-oxides solutions in wood preservation industry, was investigated. For this purpose, antifungal and antioxidant properties of solutions were determined. Erythorbic acid, ethoxyquin, potassium disulfide, sodium ascorbate, sodium erythorbate and Enginerring and Nature Sciences Faculty (TBHQ) were selected as artificial antioxidants; dehydroacetic acid, sorbic acid and sodium benzoate were used as GRAS compounds and nano MgO, nano CeO, nano ZnO, nano SiO2 and TiO2 were investigated as nano-oxides in this study. Three different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% ) were prepared, and anti-fungal test were carried out. The brown rot fungus Coniophora puteana (Schumach.) P. Karst. (BAM Ebw. 15) was used for the anti-fungal test. Then antioxidant activity of the solutions were determined. Iron (III) ion reducing antioxidant power method (FRAP) was used to determine the antioxidant activity of solutions. All solutions at 1.5% concentration completely inhibited the growth of C. puteana fungus. The antioxidant activity of solutions was sorted as artificial antioxidants>GRAS compounds>nano-oxides, respectively. It was concluded that the tested substances can be used as impregnating agents in wood preservation.

Effects of nano MgO and light-burnt MgO on mechanical properties and long-term expansion of paste mixed with Portland cement and slag

Nano MgO and light-burnt MgO were added into pastes mixed with Portland cement and slag to compensate for the shrinkage of mass concrete. The results indicated that an increased nano MgO content improved strength within a certain range. The strength of group with 8 % nano MgO increased by 12 % and 8 % under autoclaving and water curing, respectively, while increased light-burned MgO content deteriorated strength. The nano MgO-based group exhibited enhanced compressive strength and smaller expansion than the light-burnt MgO-based group, due to its higher efficiency of filling pores by uniformly distributed brucite. Moreover, MgO hydration mainly occurred within 365 d of water curing, and nano MgO and light-burnt MgO were fully hydrated at 730 d. Overall, this study provided the theoretical basis for adding nano-MgO and light-burnt MgO to compensate for the shrinkages of mass concrete on a large scale.

Enhancement of tensile strength and fracture toughness characteristics of banana fibre reinforced epoxy composites with nano MgO fillers

Natural fibre reinforced polymer composites have drawn the attention of researchers in the creation of novel materials suitable for industrial applications. These polymer composites have favourable mechanical characteristics. Epoxy polymer's versatility and diversity make it suitable for a wide range of industrial applications. The mould casting technique approach was utilised in this work to develop polymer composites using alkali-treated banana fibres and filled with MgO nanoparticle. The study was conducted on the characteristics of Nano MgO, as well as its mechanical qualities such as fracture toughness and surface morphology. The incorporation of Nano MgO enhanced the fracture toughness of the polymer composites with the addition of 1 % MgO. The scanning electron microscopy analysis of the surface morphology revealed the presence of brittle fracture in the specimen.

Investigation of nano MgO loaded polyvinyl chloride polymer in protective clothing as a nonlead materials

Recently, investigation of advanced shielding materials to be used as an alternative to lead apron has become important. In the current study, MgO loaded into PVC matrix as a non-lead modern shielding composite was modeled to evaluate its performance on radiation protective clothing (RPC). Parameters such as mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), mean free path (MFP), flux buildup factor (FBF), transmission factor (TF) and lead equivalent value (LEV) of samples were calculated using MCNPX Code. The simulation of the MCNP code was validated, by comparing the mass attenuation of concrete sample, with standard XCOM data and very good agreement was attended between XCOM and MC Code results. The MAC of nano and micro-sized samples were also compared with pure PVC and it was found that the nano MgO particle exhibits higher attenuation compared to micro MgO particle and pure PVC. The results show that, the MAC of samples increased to 63.13 % in 1.332 MeV with increasing filler concentration of nano MgO to 50 wt% relative to pure PVC. Investigation of LEV shows that nano MgO sample has more effective than Pb in 1.173 and 1.332 MeV gamma ray energy so that it provides 36.46 % and 11.13 % lighter RPC than Pb ones.

Effective fabrication and characterization of eco-friendly nano particles composite for adsorption Cd (II) and Cu (II) ions from aqueous solutions using modelling studies

The public health and environment are currently facing significant risks due to the discharge of industrial wastewater, which contains harmful heavy metals and other contaminants. Therefore, there is a pressing need for sustainable and innovative technologies to treat wastewater. The main objective of this research was to develop novel composites known as chitosan, Padina pavonica, Fe(III), and nano MgO incorporated onto pomegranate peel with the specific purpose of removing Cd (II) and Cu (II) ions from aqueous solutions. The characterization of these nanocomposites involved the utilization of several analytical methods, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The efficiency of these nanocomposites was evaluated through batch mode experiments, investigating the impact of factors such as pH, initial concentration, contact time, and adsorbent dose on the adsorption of Cu(II) ions. The optimum conditions for the removal of ions were pH = 5 for Cu (II) and 6 for Cd (II), contact time: 120 min, adsorbent dosage: 0.2 g, initial metal ion concentration: 50 mg/L for each metal ion for the present study. The MgO@Pp demonstrated the highest removal efficiencies for Cu(II) and Cd(II) at 98.2% and 96.4%, respectively. In contrast, the CS@Fe-PA achieved removal efficiencies of 97.2% for Cu(II) and 89.2% for Cd(II). The modified MgO@Pp exhibited significantly higher total adsorption capacities for Cu(II) and Cd(II) at 333.3 and 200 mg/g, respectively, compared to CS@Fe-PA, which had capacities of 250 and 142 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption of Cd (II) and Cu (II) ions by MgO@Pp was found to be a spontaneous process. The R2 values obtained using the Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson models were the highest for the MgO@Pp composite, with values of 0.99, 0.988, 0.987, and 0.994, respectively, for Cu (II) and Cd (II). The pseudo-second-order equation was determined to be the best-fit kinetic model for this process. Reusability experiments confirmed that the adsorbents can be utilized for up to four regeneration cycles. Based on the findings of this study, MgO @ Pp is the most promising alternative and could be instrumental in developing strategies to address existing environmental pollution through adsorption.

Contrastive study on mechanical and microstructure properties of silt improved by nano material stabilizers

Silt is generally stabilized with industrial waste for subgrade filler material. However, problems such as high cost, poor water stability, and easy shrinkage hinder the use of industrial waste-stabilizing materials. Experiments are conducted to compare the effect of nano-silica (NS) and nano-MgO (NM) on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of silt. It is undertaken by stabilized silt with NM and NS in four different concentration grades of NM(S)-3, NM(S)-4, NM(S)-5, NM(S)-6 ( 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6% by weight of silt). XRD, FT-IR, and SEM tests are carried out to discern the latent mechanisms so that the mineral composition and pore structure within the soil matrix can be explained. The results demonstrate that the increase in different grades of nano-MgO and nano-silica stabilized silt plays an important role in improving the mechanical properties of the silt. Nano-silica is more conducive to strength and water resistance enhancement due to the formation of ettringite and C-S-H gel. Nevertheless, a small amount of nano-MgO can better improve the water stability of stabilized silt in the early stage. Optimal results are obtained for silt treated with NS-5 (2% cement, 2% GGBS, 1% FA, 0.5% nano-silica) and NM-5 (2% cement, 2% GGBS, 1% FA, 0.5% nano-MgO). XRD, FT-IR, and SEM analysis of the samples show, respectively, that the amorphous (C-S-H) structure and the soil particles embedded in the cementitious matrix comprise the strength of the silt. Nano-MgO is mainly involved in carbonation and pozzolanic reactions. The cement hydration reaction and ettringite formation, which unite smaller particles to produce larger particles, are enhanced by the addition of SiO2. In summary, this paper recommends the use of nano-MgO to improve the early strength of stabilized silt, and the use of nano-silica to improve the long-term strength.

Efficient fluoride removal using nano MgO: mechanisms and performance evaluation.

In this study, highly efficient fluoride removal of nano MgO was successfully synthesized using a simple hydrothermal precipitation method. Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTMAB) was utilized as a surfactant. Its long-chain structure tightly wrapped around the precursor crystal of basic magnesium chloride, inhibiting the growth of precursor crystals, reducing their size, and improving crystal dispersion. This process enhanced the adsorption capacity of nano MgO for fluoride. The adsorption performance of nano MgO on fluoride was investigated. The results indicate that pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model can describe the adsorption behavior for fluoride, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 122.47mg/g. Methods such as XRD, SEM, XPS, and FTIR were employed to study the adsorption mechanisms of the adsorbent. Additionally, factors potentially affecting adsorption performance in practical applications, such as pH and competing ions, were examined. This study enhances our profound understanding of the defluorination effectiveness and mechanisms of nano MgO.

Investigating the vital influences of multi-factor synergies on the nitrate formations on the surface of nano MgO particles

With the fast development of motor vehicle quantities in megacities in recent years, nitrate has become a very important component in atmospheric fine particulate matter, and produced significant impacts on...

Experimental study of stabilization of soil using nano silica.

The behavior of structures depends on the properties of the soil on which they are constructed. Some problems like settlement and bearing capacity are critical for structures over the expansive soil, the soil sample has been characterized as expansive soil based on swelling test. Stabilization techniques are adopted to enhance the expansive soil behavior and performance of foundation overlying weak soil. This paper focuses on studying the effect of nanomaterials (Nano MgO and Nano Al2O3) with different proportions viz. 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% on the properties of expansive soil. The results indicate that swelling potential is reduced with the addition of these nanomaterials and thus making the soil suitable for construction purposes.

Flow and heat transfer characteristics of microencapsulated phase change material slurry in bonded triangular tubes for thermal energy storage systems

Three nanoscale metal oxides composed of nano TiO2, nano Al2O3, and nano MgO were added to the phase change microcapsule slurry for optimising the heat transfer behaviour. The thermal and rheological properties of the resulting microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCMs) and microencapsulated phase change material slurries (MPCSs) were characterized to determine the effects of added metal oxides in optimising the performance of MPCSs. The impacts of factors like metal oxides, concentrations, and flow rates on the heat transfer behaviour of MPCSs were investigated by forced convective heat transfer experiment with various working conditions. Compared to 6 wt% MPCSs, the heat transfer coefficients (hx) of 6 wt% slurries containing 1 wt% TiO2, 1 wt% Al2O3, and 1 wt% MgO increased by 4.0 %, 2.5 %, and 7.13 %, respectively. Nano-MgO showed the most significant heat transfer enhancement effect on MPCSs. Moreover, the heat transfer performance gradually enhanced as a function of the concentration for nano MgO. Overall, the addition of metal oxides enhanced heat transfer by increasing the thermal conductivity of the slurry, as well as improved the micro-convection effect. The proposed MPCSs are promising for applications in solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems, chip cooling, thermal management, buildings, and automotive cooling.

Radiation attenuation properties of chemically prepared MgO nanoparticles/HDPE composites

Sheets of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) loaded with magnesium oxide in micro and nano were synthesized with different weight percentages of micro-MgO (0,5,10,20 and 30% by weight) and nano-MgO (5 and 30%) and shaped in form of disc and dog bone shape. The morphological, mechanical, and attenuation characteristics of each concentration were determined. The linear attenuation coefficients (LAC) of the prepared discs were calculated using a well-calibrated scintillation detector and five standard gamma-ray point sources (241Am, 133Ba, 137Cs, 60Co and 152Eu). The LAC was theoretically calculated for HDPE/micro-MgO composites using XCOM software. A good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results was observed. The comparison between micro and nano-MgO as a filler in HDPE was evaluated. The results proved that the loaded nano-MgO in different proportions of HDPE produced greater attenuation coefficients than its micro counterpart. The addition of nano MgO with different weight percentage led to a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of HDPE, the ultimate force and ultimate stress increased as the concentration of nano MgO increased, and the young modulus of HDPE also increased with increasing concentration of micro and nano MgO.

Mechanical Properties of Al2024/Al2O3/MgO/Graphite composites via hydro-thermal hot pressing route

Currently, the research community is focused on hybrid composites with two different reinforcements. However, it's difficult to attain both mechanical strength and wear resistance simultaneously. So, the prime novelty of this research work is to enhance both the mechanical strength and wear performance of the composites by adding three reinforcement particles effectively through the hydro-thermal hot pressing technique. In this research, Al2024 alloy was reinforced with Al2O3–MgO-Gr particles in five different reinforcement combinations. With the help of a 3D mixer, the reinforcements were mixed in determined ratios for 30 min. The mixed powders were cold pressed under 50 MPa pressure, and then hot pressed at 550 °C under 200 MPa pressure. The fabricated hybrid composite materials were evaluated for their density and porosity. Further, hardness, transverse rupture strength and wear performance were investigated. The predominant wear mechanism was examined by wear mechanism maps under various sliding and normal conditions. The outcome shows that the inclusion of excess (>3%) nano MgO and (>1.5%) Gr particles decrease the density of the composite materials by forming micropores. The optimum reinforcement combination of 10% Al2O3, 3% of MgO and 1.5% of Gr particles shows improved cross-fracture strength of 132.6 MPa, minimum volume loss of 0.55 mm3 and decreased frictional coefficient of 0.18. Further, the smoothness in the worn-out surface SEM images of the composites substantiates the enhanced wear performance.

Enhancement of characteristics of ester based insulating oil in the presence of nano composites

The development of reliable, environmentally safe and economically viable insulating oil for transformers is an endless effort of the electrical industry. Recent research is based on natural ester fluid, a green insulating oil that exhibits excellent dielectric performance and environment friendly characteristics. Mineral oil is a popular dielectric liquid used in transformers and switchgear. The environmental hazards caused by the oil have reached an alarming level and several incidents relating to transformer explosions have been reported worldwide, one major cause being the insulation failure. The requirement of an insulating liquid with fire safety and biodegradable nature has become a key concern of transformer manufacturers. One such kind of oil is Refined Coconut Oil having similar properties and characteristics as mineral oil. Refined coconut oil is commonly available as an environmentally friendly ester oil. In the present work, nano- fluids such as Nano MgO and nano BN have been added in different concentrations to identify their positive effects on improvement in the characteristics of mineral oil. It is also conclusively proved that nano-fluids are potential replacements for mineral oil since the qualities of the base oil were improved by the inclusion of nanoparticles.

Polymer composite microspheres loading 177Lu radionuclide for interventional radioembolization therapy and real-time SPECT imaging of hepatic cancer

BackgroundTransarterial radioembolization (TARE) with 90Y-labeled glass and resin microspheres is one of the primary treatment strategies for advanced-stage primary and metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, difficulties of real-time monitoring post administration and embolic hypoxia influence treatment prognosis. In this study, we developed a new biodegradable polymer microsphere that can simultaneously load 177Lu and MgO nanoparticle, and evaluated the TARE therapeutic efficacy and biosafety of 177Lu-PDA-CS-MgO microspheres for HCC treatment.MethodsChitosan microspheres were synthesized through emulsification crosslink reaction and then conducted surface modification with polydopamine (PDA). The 177Lu and nano MgO were conjugated to microspheres using active chemical groups of PDA. The characteristics of radionuclide loading efficiency, biodegradability, blood compatibility, and anti-tumor effectwere evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. SPECT/CT imaging was performed to monitor bio-distribution and bio-stability of 177Lu-PDA-CS-MgO after TARE treatment. The survival duration of each rat was monitored. HE analysis, TUNEL analysis, immunohistochemical analysis, and western blot analysis were conducted to explore the anti-tumor effect and mechanism of composited microspheres. Body weight, liver function, blood routine examination were monitored at different time points to evaluate the bio-safety of microspheres.ResultsThe composite 177Lu-PDA-CS-MgO microsphere indicated satisfactory degradability, biocompatibility, radionuclide loading efficiency and radiochemical stability in vitro. Cellular evaluation showed that 177Lu-PDA-CS-MgO had significant anti-tumor effect and blocked tumor cell cycles in S phase. Surgical TARE treatment with 177Lu-PDA-CS-MgO significantly prolonged the medial survival time from 49 d to 105 d, and effectively inhibited primary tumor growth and small metastases spreading. Moreover, these microspheres indicated ideal in vivo stability and allowed real-time SPECT/CT monitoring for up to 8 weeks. Immunostaining and immunoblotting results also confirmed that 177Lu-PDA-CS-MgO had potential in suppressing tumor invasion and angiogenesis, and improved embolic hypoxia in HCC tissues. Further evaluations of body weight, blood test, and pathological analysis indicated good biosafety of 177Lu-PDA-CS-MgO microspheres in vivo.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that 177Lu-PDA-CS-MgO microsphere hold great potential as interventional brachytherapy candidate for HCC therapy.Graphical Polymer composite microspheres loading 177Lu radionuclide and MgO nanoparticles for interventional radioembolization therapy and real-time SPECT imaging of hepatic cancer.

Upgrading biogas into syngas via bi-reforming of model biogas over ruthenium-based nano-catalysts synthesized via mechanochemical method

The upgrading of biogas to value-added syngas via reforming of biogas is of great significance from the perspective of green carbon science. A series of Ru based nano-catalysts (Ru/MgO, Ru/La2O2CO3, Ru/CeO2) with relatively low Ru loading and high dispersion were successfully prepared by mechanochemical method, and applied in the bi-reforming of model biogas reaction. The representative catalysts were comprehensively characterized by XRD, N2 physical adsorption, ICP-OES, SEM, XPS, H2-TPR, CO2-TPD, HRTEM, FTIR of CO adsorption, TPSR, TG, and Raman spectroscopy, etc. Ascribed to the appropriate basicity of MgO, homogeneous Ru dispersion with ultra-small particle size, and strong interaction between Ru ultra-small nano particles and MgO support, Ru/MgO exhibit higher CO2 adsorption and activation, higher CH4 activation and dissociation, compared with Ru/La2O2CO3, Ru/CeO2, which facilitate the formation of active oxygen species and intermediate coke removal, thus enhance the resistance to coke deposition and sintering. At reaction conditions of T = 750 °C and weight hourly space velocity = 32,400 mLgCat−1 h−1, 0.5Ru/MgO catalyst exhibit satisfying catalytic activity (initial CH4/CO2 conversation rate of 87/48%) and superior stability (stable for 150 h) with negligible deactivation rates.

Performance Evaluation of Nano MgO Filled Polymer Material for High Voltage Insulation

Performance Evaluation of Nano MgO Filled Polymer Material for High Voltage Insulation

CO2 methanation using metals nanoparticles supported on high surface area MgO

This work shows that Ru nanoparticles supported on high surface area nano MgO is a highly active and selective catalyst for CO2 methanation, which is a promising method to store renewable energy and limit the emission of greenhouse gasses. We studied the effect of the Ru loading on MgO supports with different surface areas and compared the results to the corresponding Ni-based catalyst. Our results show that high surface area MgO containing 5 wt % Ru has the highest activity. This catalyst was stable for more than 50 h and resulted in 54 % conversion at 375 °C, which, under the given reaction conditions, corresponds to a site time yield of 520 molCH4 molRu−1 h−1. For comparison, the Ni-based catalyst only resulted in 45 % conversion at 450 °C with a low selectivity to CH4 (STY=263 molCH4 molNi−1 h−1). Furthermore, Ru on high surface area MgO catalyst was already active at low temperature of 250 °C due to chemisorption and activation of CO2 on the MgO support, which is promising for low-temperature CO2 methanation.

Experimental Research on the Workability and Mechanical Properties of Grouting Materials with Nano-Oxides

This work studied the effect of the nano-oxides, such as Nano-Fe2O3 (NF), Nano-Al2O3 (NA), Nano-MgO (NM), and Nano-SiO2 (NS), on the workability and mechanical properties of quick-setting grouting materials serviced in the underground environment. The results show that 2.0% NS could remarkably shorten the setting time of the grouting materials by 29.16%, compared to the control one (without nano-oxides), and the final setting time was shortened by 46.51%. The results also show that 2.0% NS could decrease the initial fluidity of the grouting material by 41.09%, compared to the control one, and the 30 min fluidity was decreased by 48.93%. The XRD results show that NF, NM, and NS contribute to a higher quantity of AFt than that NA. Moreover, grouting material doped with NF, NM, and NS produces more needle-like ettringite, leading to a more compact structure.