Nanometric Oxide Research Articles

Ag2O/ZnO/CuO and Ag2O/ZnO/NiO immobilised on reduced graphene oxide: synthesis, characteristics and its adsorption, catalytic behaviour and antibacterial activities

ABSTRACT Ag2O/ZnO/CuO (A/Z/C) and Ag2O/ZnO/NiO (A/Z/N) nanometal oxides were synthesised in different rations by co-precipitation method and were immobilised on reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The prepared nanocomposites were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Their application in the adsorption of MB, RhB and MO dyes, olefin oxidation and antibacterial properties were investigated. The results showed that A/Z/N/rGO adsorbent has 99% (10 min), 93% (20 min) and 97% (12 min) adsorption of MB, RhB and MO, respectively. From the investigation of Freundlich and Langmuir models, it was found that the adsorbent follows Langmuir. Moreover, the reaction thermodynamics was also studied, the reaction was endothermic and spontaneous. The kinetics of dye adsorption MB, RhB and MO on the surface follow a pseudo-second order model. At optimum condition, the conversion and selectivity of α-methylstyrene to acetophenone was >99% by A/Z/N and A/Z/C catalysts. A/Z/C/rGO nanocomposite has good antibacterial properties against two bacteria E. coli and S. aureus.

Technology Progress in High-Frequency Electromagnetic In Situ Thermal Recovery of Heavy Oil and Its Prospects in Low-Carbon Situations

Heavy oil resources are abundant globally, holding immense development potential. However, conventional thermal recovery methods such as steam injection are plagued by high heat loss, substantial carbon emissions, and significant water consumption, making them incompatible with carbon reduction goals and the sustainable socioeconomic development demands. A new method of high-frequency electromagnetic in situ heating, which targets polar molecules, can convert electromagnetic energy into heat so as to achieve rapid volumetric heating of the reservoir. This method has the potential to overcome the drawbacks of traditional techniques. Nevertheless, it faces significant drawbacks such as limited heating range and inadequate energy supply during later production stages, which necessitates auxiliary enhancement measures. Various enhancement measures have been reported, including nitrogen injection, hydrocarbon solvent injection, or the use of nano-metal oxide injections. These methods are hindered by issues such as pure nitrogen being easy to breakthrough, high costs, and metal pollution. Through extensive literature review, this article charts the evolution of high-frequency electromagnetic in situ heating technology for heavy oil and the current understanding of the coupled heat and mass transfer mechanisms underlying this technology. Moreover, based on a profound analysis of the technology’s progression trends, this work introduces a new direction: CO2-N2 co-injection as an enhancement strategy for high-frequency electromagnetic in situ heavy oil recovery. There is promising potential for the development of new technologies in the future that combine high efficiency, low carbon emissions, environmental friendliness, economic viability, and energy conservation. Furthermore, some research prospects in low-carbon situations and challenges for the new technology in future are presented in detail. All in all, the contribution of the paper lies in the summarizing of some main drawbacks of current enhanced electromagnetic in situ thermal recovery methods, and presents a novel research direction of using CO2-N2 co-injection as an enhancement strategy based on its current research status in low-carbon situations.

Synthesis of innovative Daphne mucronata extract/Cu-MOF/PVA-PVP nanofiber as high-performance anticancer and antimicrobial agent

Nanofibers’ unique physical properties include mechanical strength, compressive strength, and high specific surface area, making them highly valuable and significant. Nanofiber can be containing nano compounds such as metal nano oxides, metal–organic framework, etc., as well as plant extracts. Plant extracts have had a special place in human life since the past and used in traditional medicine. The synthesis of new nanofibers containing plant extracts and metal–organic framework was the idea that we focused on it. For this purpose, Daphne mucronata extract and copper metal–organic framework, considering the high biological properties were used. For the synthesis of Daphne mucronata extract/Cu-MOF/PVA-PVP nanofiber, electrospinning method and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were used. The final product’s structure was examined and verified using XRD (X-Ray diffraction analysis), EDAX (Energy dispersive X-ray analysis), CHNO EA (Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen elemental analysis), SEM (Scanning electron microscope images), BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller theory), FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), contact angle (Hydrophilic properties), mechanical strength and compressive strength. The specific surface area of the synthesized nanofiber and the diameter size of the synthesized particles were observed to be area 1102 m2/g and 80 nm, respectively. High hydrophilic properties (29°), high flexural strength (17.3 N/mm2), and high compressive strength (65.7 N/mm2) were among other characteristics of the synthesized nanofiber. Biological properties of the synthesized nanoparticle, such as anti-skin cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-fungal properties, were tested. In the anticancer study, IC50 was 21 μg/mL, and in the antimicrobial studies (antibacterial and antifungal activity), the MIC was between 2 μg/mL and 64 μg/mL. Thus, the synthesized nanofiber can be incorporated as a bioactive compound in the medical industry, such as being utilized as bioactive medical bandages after other tests have been completed.

Enhanced performance of aerobic granular sludge-membrane system through the utilization of different iron-based nano-metal oxides for mitigating membrane fouling

Fe3O4, γ-Fe2O3, and α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles play a crucial role in influencing the adsorption capacity and pretreatment efficacy as iron-based nano-metal oxides due to their distinct structural and physicochemical properties. However, the impact of these adsorbents on membrane filtration efficiency remains unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the influence of these three adsorbents on membrane fouling in an aerobic granular sludge–membrane system (AGSMS) used for municipal wastewater reuse treatment. The results demonstrated that under optimal conditions, γ-Fe2O3 exhibited superior effectiveness in removing low and medium molecular weight contaminants from wastewater, resulting in a higher normalized flux (0.59) and reduced total fouling resistance (2.66 × 1011 m−1). It also showed the highest removal rate for organic matter and suspended solids, making it particularly effective in mitigating AGSMS membrane fouling. However, excessive addition (2 g/L) of Fe3O4, γ-Fe2O3, and α-Fe2O3 could potentially hinder the proper operation of the AGSMS. Pre-adsorption facilitated the formation of a porous cake layer while inhibiting standard blocking behavior. Additionally, the extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek theory analysis revealed a substantial energy barrier between membrane-foulant interactions (125.65 kT) as well as foulant-foulant interactions (62.06 kT) within the γ-Fe2O3 system, confirming its exceptional antifouling characteristics. This study offers valuable insights into the selection of iron oxide adsorbents for membrane fouling mitigation and wastewater reuse.

A comprehensive review on the application of semiconductor nanometal oxides photocatalyst for the treatment of wastewater

A comprehensive review on the application of semiconductor nanometal oxides photocatalyst for the treatment of wastewater

A Study of Characteristics and Properties of Nano-metal Oxides (Zinc Oxide, Cadmium Oxide, Titanium Dioxide, Iron Oxide)

Nanotechnology is a rapidly developing scientific discipline with promise for enhancing human well-being via its applications in nanomedicine. It describes the technology used to accurately manipulate atoms and molecules to create new materials with dimensions that are on the nanoscale. The usual size range of nanoparticles (NPs) is 1-100 nm. Since nanoparticles are important in preventing infections, they can be used as therapeutic nanocarriers having antibacterial properties. This paper reviews the literature on the various production techniques, characteristics, and biological uses of several nano-metal oxides (iron oxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and cadmium oxide). The utilization of nanoparticles and their applications will grow due to the cost-effective ways available for biomodification. Because of their special qualities, nanoparticles are helpful in several scientific domains, including biology, materials science, engineering, electronics, and food science. Researchers have become interested in nanotechnology because of its benefits, particularly its potential uses in the healthcare system for improved diagnosis and treatment.

Preclinical evaluation of the individualized approach for chronic non-healing wounds management

Chronic non‑healing wounds (CNHW) are very common and often incorrectly treated, the morbidity and associated costs of chronic wounds management highlight the need to implement wound prevention and treatment concepts. Objective — to evaluate the possibility of different metal nanooxide polymer nanofilms use for CNHW’ local treatment. Materials and methods. The study design is based on evaluation of various types of dressing materials considering their option for use in CNHW local treatment. Samples of biodegradable polymer films (with an optimal composition of gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, lactic acid, glycerin and distilled water) saturated with nanoparticles of several oxides with expected antibacterial and pro‑regenerative feature — nZnO, nMgO in concentrations of 1%, 5%, and 10% were used in the study of antimicrobial action and substance release profiling. Quarterly ammonium antiseptic decamethoxin 0.02% was used for control. Results. Obtained data shows that polymer based biodegradable films incorporating optimal component composition (gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, lactic acid and glycerin) enriched with 5% and 10% zinc nanooxide have potent antimicrobial activity against both gram‑positive and gram‑negative microorganisms, the most common causative agents of CNHW’s. The ion release capacity analysis showed that the Zinc impregnated wound‑healing biodegradable polymer film gradually releases the active substance in a time dependent manner, and the nano‑sized particles of nanoZinc oxide are released from the polymer composition faster than ordinary zinc oxide. Conclusions. Complex natural biodegradable polymer based nanofilms are composite materials impregnated with metal nanooxides showing high potential in local treatment of chronic non‑healing wounds. Polymer film with 5% nanoZnO showed up to the 58% higher antimicrobial activity, comparable or exceeding the one of quarterly ammonium compound decamethoxin. Furthermore, nanoZnO impregnated polymer films compared to standard ZnO impregnated polymer films showed up to 63.2% faster substance release profile with rapid and more unified curve.

Anisotropic creep property related to non-spherical shape of mechanically alloyed powder of oxide dispersion strengthened F82H

Nanometric oxide particles dispersed within the matrix play an important role in improving the creep property of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) steels. Conventional studies have primarily focused on investigating the distribution of the particles to control the creep property of ODS steels. However, achieving complete control over the creep property still poses challenges, as there are potentially other microstructural features like different matrices, micrometric precipitates, and inclusions derived from powder metallurgical processes that can influence it.In our previous research, we examined one such microstructural feature known as prior particle boundary (PPB). PPB refers to the surface of mechanically alloyed (MA) powder before consolidation. We revealed that the ODS steel with fine PPBs produced from smaller MA powder, exhibited shorter creep rupture times, compared to that with coarse PPBs produced from larger MA powder. This result was attributed to the increased formation of creep cavities on the PPBs in the ODS steel produced from smaller MA powder. Therefore, the size of MA powder affected the formation of creep cavity and had an impact on the creep property.In this study, we shifted our focus to the shape of MA powder with non-spherical shapes containing flake-like shape. Such shapes have the potential to induce anisotropy in the formation of creep cavities and/or the creep crack initiation and growth along anisotropic prior particle boundaries (PPBs), ultimately leading to anisotropic creep behavior.We conducted small punch creep tests on specimens with two different orientations to study the possible anisotropy. The results revealed that the creep rupture times varied depending on the orientation of specimen, thus indicating anisotropic creep property. This anisotropic creep property was related to the non-spherical shape of MA powder. This research highlighted the significance of managing the shape of MA powder in controlling the creep property of ODS steels.

Continuous flow column adsorption and desorption for the study of interaction of fluoroquinolone antibiotic ofloxacin hydrochloride with ZnO and CuO nanometal oxides in aqueous solution: (Continuous column adsorption desorption)

Broad-spectrum antibiotic, major veterinary medicines, due to large consumption and inappropriate disposal contribute a major part in generation of pharmaceutical pollutants in aquatic environment. The study investigates the interaction of nanometal oxides for adsorption and desorption of Fluoroquinolone antibiotic, ofloxacin hydrochloride from aqueous solution using vertical and sequential bed adsorption columns: designing parameters of adsorption column determined using bed depth service time model. To optimize the continuous flow column adsorption, varying initial drug concentration and flow rates have been studied using ZnO and CuO nanoparticles at pH 4, already determined for optimized batch studies. To access the characteristic behaviour of breakthrough curves, Thomas model and Yoon-Nelson models have been studied, which were in good agreement with experimental data. Sequential bed column shows slightly better results than vertical bed column as the sequential bed is simple and economical, the solution flows in continuous manner under gravity without any mechanical devices and come into contact with fresh adsorbent bed having same amount as that in vertical bed. Therefore sequential bed column can consider in small scale industries for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. Column desorption experiments have also been carried out by using HCl/NaOH as desorbing agent for the regeneration of drug loaded adsorbent column.

The Enhancement of Photodegradation Stability of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Film by Surface Modification with Organic Functional Groups Doped with Different Type of Nano-Metal Oxides

The Enhancement of Photodegradation Stability of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Film by Surface Modification with Organic Functional Groups Doped with Different Type of Nano-Metal Oxides

Enhanced binding interaction and antibacterial inhibition for nanometal oxide particles activated with Aloe Vulgarize through one-pot ultrasonication techniques

The interaction of green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with bacterial strains are still scarcely reported. This work was conducted to study the green-one-pot-synthesized ZnO NPs from the Aloe Vulgarize (AV) leaf peel extract assisted with different sonication techniques followed by the physicochemical, biological activities and molecular docking studies. The NPs structure was analyzed using FTIR, UV–vis and EDX. The morphology, particle size and crystallinity of ZnO NPs were identified using FESEM and XRD. It was found that the formed flower-like structure with sharp edge and fine size of particulates in ZnO NPs/AV could enhance the bacterial inhibition. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for all the tested bacterial strains is at 3.125 µg/ml and the bacterial growth curve are dependent on the ZnO NPs dosage. The results of disc diffusion revealed that the ZnO NPs/AV possess better antibacterial effect with bigger ZOI due to the presence of AV active ingredient. The molecular docking between active ingredients of AV in the NPs with the protein of IFCM and 1MWU revealed that low binding energy (Ebind = -6.56 kcal/mol and −8.99 kcal/mol, respectively) attributes to the excessive hydrogen bond from AV that highly influenced their interaction with the amino acid of the selected proteins. Finally, the cytotoxicity test on the biosynthesized ZnO NPs with concentration below 20 µg/ml are found nontoxic on the HDF cell. Overall, ZnO NPs/20 % AV (probe sonication) is considered as the best synthesis option due to its efficient one-pot method, short sonication time but own the best antibacterial effect.

Controllable preparation of metal oxide nanoparticles and Ni/CeO2 catalysts by microdroplets extraction and separation technology in mini-channel

The microreactor coupled mini-channel microdroplets extraction and separation technology (MES) was developed by adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) into microdroplets, realizing the controllable synthesis of a series of mono-component and multi-component metal oxide nano particles (MONPs). A double-layer surfactant structure composed of Span20 (oil phase surfactant) and PVA (water phase surfactant) was designed as a barrier to intercept and collect the precipitated salt at the microdroplet interface, the addition of PVA reduces the loss of salt components during the extraction process from 41.7 wt% to 1.1 wt%. The size control of mono-component MONPs (CuO, Co3O4, and NiO) was achieved using MES method. Furthermore, in the application direction of preparing multi-component MONPs, the advantages of MES in preparing multi-component catalysts (Ni/CeO2) were verified. TEM, XRD, H2-TPR, CO2-TPD, XPS, BET et al. characterizations have shown that Ni entered the lattice of CeO2 during precipitation to form a Ni-O-Ce solid solution and was therefore highly dispersed in CeO2. Ni/CeO2-MES showed high CO2 conversion and CO selectivity in reverse water gas shift (RWGS) testing compared to Ni/CeO2 catalysts prepared by impregnation method which has excellent thermal stability and can maintain over 99 % CO selectivity even after 50 h of reaction at 600 °C. The MES method was proved to be an efficient synthesis technology for MONPs and can be extended to a variety of metal oxides catalysts.

Role of Si and SiO2 in Optoelectronic Device Fabrication

Silicon and its oxide deliver a dextrous way for engineering the successors of optoelectronic/photonic devices, by integrating fabrication techniques with heterostructured material possessing tuneable properties. Besides comprehensive knowledge, a collection of functional materials with device fabrication should be amplified. In general, silicon-based allied compounds can co-form with other materials like polymers, nanometal oxides, and organic/inorganic hybrid materials to deliver multiple electronic characteristics. A noteworthy and excellent performance of Si and its oxide secures a prominent position in the realm of the optoelectronics field. This study deliberates an exhaustive overview of advances in fabrication strategies, characteristics, Si/SiO2-based optoelectronic devices, and new materials used in this field. Additionally, this investigation spotlights the potential of Si/SiO2 in accentuating diverse applications like light-emitting diodes, solar cells, photodiodes, and phototransistors. In brief, this article will expose novel pathways of research and peregrination in this mushrooming field.

Space-confined growth of two-dimensional manganese oxide nanosheets in plant-cell structures for efficient tetracycline degradation

Manganese oxides (MnxOy) stand out as promising candidates for various redox reaction involved applications due to their diverse valence states. The expansive surface area of two-dimensional (2D) materials offers an abundance of active sites for reactions, thereby gathering significant interest for catalytic applications. Nonetheless, facile synthesis of 2D nano metal oxides remains a challenge. In this study, cabbage leaf cells were employed as bio-scaffolds to fabricate 2D MnxOy nanomaterials, leveraging the confined space within the cells. The resulting 2D MnxOy nanosheets, featured by multiple valence states and composed of Mn2O3 and Mn3O4 nanocrystals, exhibit a planar size of 32 nm and a lamellar thickness of about 3.95 nm. The distinctive 2D structure, coupled with the material’s multivalent manganese, facilitates efficient electron transfer, enhancing its function as a hetero-catalyst. Consequently, 2D MnxOy nanosheets demonstrate remarkable efficiency, achieving an 89 % removal of tetracycline (40 mg·L–1) with the assistance of H2O2. This study paves the way for employing biological templates to meticulously synthesize nanomaterials with precise morphologies, with applications extending across various fields.

Recent advances in emerging integrated anticorrosion and antifouling nanomaterial-based coating solutions.

The rapid progress in the marine industry has resulted in notable challenges related to biofouling and surface corrosion on underwater infrastructure. Conventional coating techniques prioritise individual protective properties, such as offering either antifouling or anticorrosion protection. Current progress and innovations in nanomaterials and technologies have presented novel prospects and possibilities in the domain of integrated multifunctional coatings. These coatings can provide simultaneous protection against fouling and corrosion. This review study focuses on the potential applications of various nanomaterials, such as carbon-based nanostructures, nano-metal oxides, polymers, metal-organic frameworks, and nanoclays, in developing integrated multifunctional nano-based coatings. These emerging integrated multifunctional coating technologies recently developed and are currently in the first phases of development. The potential opportunities and challenges of incorporating nanomaterial-based composites into multifunctional coatings and their future prospects are discussed. This review aims to improve the reader's understanding of the integrated multifunctional nano-material composite coating design and encourage valuable contributions to its development.

Solid-State synthesis of transition nanometal oxides (MnO2, Co3O4, NiO, and ZnO) for catalytic and electrochemical applications

Herein, novel transition metal complexes were successfully synthesized in an aqueous medium by reacting aminoguanidine (Amgu) bicarbonate and 2-hydroxynicotinic acid (2-OHnicH) with divalent metal ions [M = Mn2+ (1), Co2+ (2), Ni2+ (3), or Zn2+ (4)] having a general composition of (AmguH)2[M(2-Onic)2(H2O)2]. This study focuses on the solid-state synthesis of transition metal oxide nanoparticles (MO NPs) from their respective metal complexes as precursors, followed by the assessment of the catalytic and electrochemical properties of the resulting MO NPs for various applications. Comprehensive characterization confirmed the identity and similarity of the prepared metal complexes. The antibacterial and antioxidant abilities of the metal complexes were evaluated, and the Ni(II) complex demonstrated a noteworthy biological activity. The complexes were further utilized as solid precursors to synthesize corresponding nanometal oxides through thermal decomposition. Transmission electron microscopy studies revealed the mean nanoparticle diameters to be 12.4 nm (MnO2), 9.5 nm (Co3O4), 6.2 nm (NiO), and 8.1 nm (ZnO). The as-prepared MO NPs were employed as catalysts to reduce 4-nitrophenol and as electrochemical sensor materials to detect histamine (HA) and pyridoxine (PY). The NiO NPs demonstrated excellent properties as catalysts and as sensor materials and a promising specific capacitance and were selected for supercapacitor applications.

Evaluation of the performance of metal oxide nano coagulants in coagulation and flocculation reactors

Evaluation of the performance of metal oxide nano coagulants in coagulation and flocculation reactors

Novel nano magnesium oxide modified hybrid emulsion for antimicrobial coating

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an inorganic-organic hybrid emulsion polymer using grafted hyperbranched alkyd modified with nanometal oxide and to study the performance of the developed hybrid emulsion in paint formulation with respect to antimicrobial and other properties. Design/methodology/approach A novel hybrid emulsion polymer was synthesized by grafting of vinyl acetate (VAM), vinyl ester of versatic acid (VeoVa 10) monomers onto hyperbranched alkyd resin and incorporation of nano magnesium oxide (MgO) into the hybrid resin matrix during dispersion of resin in water. Subsequently, paint was prepared by using this hybrid emulsion followed by a performance study. Findings The performance of nano MgO modified into VAM and VeoVa 10 grafted hyperbranched alkyd resulted in unique properties of coating especially antimicrobial activity. Research limitations/implications In the present study, soya fatty acid, polyol and di basic acid have been used to prepare hyperbranched alkyd by condensation polymerization. Monomers like VAM and VeoVa 10 used for grafting onto hyperbranched alkyd and nano MgO have been incorporated into hybrid resin matrix during emulsification of hybrid resin in water. Practical implications Grafting of VAM and VeoVa 10 onto hyperbranched alkyd along with in situ incorporation of nano MgO in resin matrix is an effective technique to achieve excellent coating properties. Originality/value Nano MgO modified VAM and VeoVa 10 grafted hyperbranched alkyd-based hybrid emulsion can be used as binder in water-based metal primer, direct to metal (DTM) coating as well as topcoat application. The developed system has antimicrobial properties as well as superior mechanical properties.

Semi-Industrial Preparation of Biologically Active dyed fabrics Treated with Nano-metal oxides Impart them Multiple Functions for use in Potential Medical Approaches: Chemical and Bio-Treatment of Wastewater of Dyeing baths Effluents in an Environmentally Safe Manner

Semi-Industrial Preparation of Biologically Active dyed fabrics Treated with Nano-metal oxides Impart them Multiple Functions for use in Potential Medical Approaches: Chemical and Bio-Treatment of Wastewater of Dyeing baths Effluents in an Environmentally Safe Manner

The Optimal Doping Ratio of Fe2O3 for Enhancing the Electrochemical Stability of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 for Energy Storage Devices

This paper aims to discover a novel composite material that has great potential for manufacturing high-performance supercapacitors suitable for diverse applications, such as electric vehicles, portable electronics, and stationary energy storage systems. Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) doped by different concentrations up to 5 wt.% of nanosized Fe2O3 have been prepared (ZIF-8/Fe2O3). The effect of doping ratio 1, 3, and 5 wt.% on the structural and electrochemical properties of ZIF-8/Fe2O3 has been investigated. The structural characterization has been carried out using TGA, BET, XRD, and FTIR. The XRD analysis revealed that the crystalline size of our sample increased by approximately 16% as a result of doping ZIF-8 with 5 wt.% of Fe2O3. The structural analysis of the doped samples revealed that the material exhibited enhanced thermal stability and porosity, with an increase of approximately 105 m2/g. The introduction of doped nanometal oxides improved the capacitance value of ZIF-8 by significantly increasing its surface area. Additionally, the electron transport efficiency within ZIF-8/5 wt.% Fe2O3/electrode is increased. The Nyquist plot decreases as the doping of Fe2O3 increases. This indicates a decrease in the charge transfer resistance at the electrode–electrolyte interface, which is desired in applications such as batteries, fuel cells, or electrochemical sensors where faster electron transfer is needed for improved performance.