Nano Manganese Oxide Research Articles

Efficient removal of cadmium and lead in water by using nano-manganese oxide-loaded hydrochloric acid pretreated biochar

Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) contaminated water pose a serious threat to the safety of aquatic organisms and human food, which is a hot topic in the world. To improve the removal efficiency of straw biochar (BC) on Cd and Pb pollution water, the modified biochar (BCHMn) was manufactured by loading nano-manganese oxide (nano-MnOx) on hydrochloric acid pretreated BC. The adsorptive properties of Cd2+ and Pb2+ for BCHMn were examined by isothermal, kinetic adsorption models, and cycle tests. The results indicated that the adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ by BCHMn is suitable for Langmuir, Sips, Avrami, and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting monolayer and heterogeneous chemical adsorption. The maximum theoretical adsorptive amount of Cd2+ and Pb2+ on BCHMn are 108.21 mg/g and 312.16 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption mechanism of BCHMn is primarily mineral precipitation, π electron interaction, and ion exchange. Moreover, BCHMn contained the special birnessite (δ-MnO2) structures and MnOx, which can form stable complexes with Cd/Pb (such as Mn-O-Cd/Pb and Mn-R-O-Cd/Pb). These results indicate that BCHMn can efficiently remove Cd2+ and Pb2+ from water, and provide a reference for the comprehensive utilization of straw waste and water pollution control.

Synthesis and study of mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP)/banana nano-filler biocomposites

A novel sustainable biocomposite (Polypropylene/banana fiber) material was synthesized by using polypropylene (PP) reinforced with banana fibers (BF) with permeation of nano manganese oxide (MnO2). The different samples of the biomaterial were synthesized with varying percentages of PP, BF, and MnO2. The various mechanical properties of the developed biomaterial were studied by using suitable methodology. The maximum tensile strength is demonstrated with a fiber length of 15 mm and reinforcement of 20 % of banana fiber. The flexural strength increases with an increase in fiber loading up to 15 %, and then decreases. The ultimate flexural strength was achieved with a fiber length of 10 mm and a loading rate of 15 %. The absorption of impact energy is maximum with a fiber length of 15 mm and a loading rate of 20 %. Because of the improvement in mechanical properties with an increase in concertation of banana fiber up to a certain extent, it is concluded that this biomaterial can be used in various important applications after suitable treatment.

The effect of addition Ag and MnO2 nanoparticles in the hydrogen storage of ethyl 2-((5-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)thio)acetate (organic: Inorganic nanohybrids)

This research included the synthesis of ethyl2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)acetate (EBTA) by reacting 2-mercaptobenzothiazole with ethylchloroacetate in the presence of potassium hydroxide. The compound was characterized using 1HNMR and FTIR. This compound was used to prepare two of its organic: inorganic nanohybrids with nano-manganese oxide (EBTA-MnO2) and with nano-silver (EBTA-Ag). The resulting composites were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX and TEM. The measurements proved that the reaction occurred successfully through the one-step reaction. These compounds were used in the application of hydrogen storage, and the study proved that the addition of these nanomaterials gave a great ability to increase hydrogen storage. The results showed that the compounds (EBTA), (EBTA-Ag) and (EBTA-MnO2) gave 0.99, 3.63 and 4.05 wt% hydrogen storage capacity, respectively. Also the study showed that the nano-hybrid (EBTA-MnO2) gave more storage efficiency than (EBTA-Ag), because manganese oxide contains two oxygen atoms, which act as effective real stores to increase the capacity hydrogen storage.

Effects of nano-manganese on humoral immune response and oxidative stress in broilers

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the alterations in selected indicators of immune responses and oxidative stress of broilers fed with nano-manganese. One hundred-sixty 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned into four groups with three replicates. Birds were fed the same basal diet supplemented with nano-manganese oxide, as 0.00 (control group), 50.00, 100, or 150 mg kg-1 of diet. The birds were vaccinated against avian influenza (AI), Newcastle disease (ND), infectious bronchitis (IB) and infectious bursal disease (IBD) as the standard vaccination schedule. Blood sample was taken from the brachial vein of birds on 42th day. A significant decrease in antibody titer against sheep RBC was revealed in the nano-manganese 100 and 150 groups compared to the control group. In addition, the antibody titers against IB and ND were significantly lower in the all nano-manganese groups compared to the control group. No significant difference was observed for the antibody titer against AI and oxidative stress indices among the experimental groups. The findings in the present study suggested that nano-manganese at 50.00, 100 and 150 mg kg-1 levels might suppress humoral immune response in broilers which should be taken into consideration in supplementation.

Potential of waste reduction of agro-biomasses through Reishi medicinal mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) production using different substrates and techniques

One of the most important priorities in the medicinal mushrooms cultivation is the selection and preparation of the substrate, which depends on factors such as price and easy access to different lignocellulosic compounds. In order to investigate the effect of mixed and non-mixed agro-waste substrates on some vegetative, reproductive, nutritional and medicinal properties of two Iranian and Chinese strains of Ganoderma lucidum, the factorial experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental substrates of different poplar wood chip (PWC), wheat bran (WB), soybean meal (SM), date palm leaf (DPL) and olive oil extraction waste (OOEW) were used. They were enriched with chemical supplements (ammonium nitrate, manganese sulfate and Nano manganese oxide) using two cultivation techniques (open bag door and Polika-Cotton) for fruiting body production.The results showed that various substrates significantly affect dry weight, moisture content quantity, vegetative and fruit yield, total ganoderic acids content, total polysaccharide value and mineral elements amount (nitrogen, potassium and calcium) in fruiting body. The highest amount of N content in the fruiting body of both Iranian and Chinese strains (5.88 and 6.25 mg/100 g dry matter) was dedicated to the combined PWC + SM (70:30) substrate enriched with Nano manganese oxide supplement and Polika-Cotton method. The highest total fresh of Iranian and Chinese strains weight (109.60 and 127.66 g, respectively) obtained in the combined PWC + WB (70:30) substrate enriched with manganese sulfate. The highest amount of total ganoderic acids in fruiting organs in both strains (0.52 and 0.42 μg/mg dry matter) is achieved using a combined PWC + SM (70:30) enriched with manganese sulfate.

Removal of Cesium-137 from Liquid Waste Using new composite from Nano-Manganese Oxide and Activated Carbon

Removal of Cesium-137 from Liquid Waste Using new composite from Nano-Manganese Oxide and Activated Carbon

Efficient removal of uranium (VI) by nano-manganese oxide materials: A synthetic experimental and mechanism studies

• Three manganese oxide materials with recyclability was prepared. • The MnO-600 presented wonderful adsorption property for U(VI). • The adsorption capacity of U(VI) on the MnO-600 was 635.4 mg/g. • The removal efficiency remained above 90% after five cycles. Three kinds of nano-manganese oxide materials were prepared at different temperature (500, 600 and 700 °C) using chitosan as the template agent. The results showed that there was no sintering and agglomeration in the calcination of nano-manganese oxide at 600 °C, while the manganese oxide material calcined at 700 °C showed pore collapse and agglomeration and the template agent was incompletely removed in the manganese oxide material calcined at 500 °C. The adsorption properties of uranium (VI) on the three manganese oxide materials were investigated. The experimental results showed that the adsorption behavior conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models, revealing that the adsorption behavior of uranium (VI) on manganese oxide materials was a uniform and monolayer chemical adsorption process. The adsorption capacity of MnO-600 was 635.4 mg/g and the adsorption efficiency was above 90% after five cycles. In conclusion, the novel manganese oxide materials would have a prospect for application in wastewater treatment.

Enhancement of corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acidic media by green-synthesized nano-manganese oxide

In this study, extracts of withered flower petals such as rose petal (RP) and lotus petal (LP) were used as sources for natural antioxidants, namely anthocyanins, flavonols, phenolic compounds, and pectin to prepare nano-manganese oxide through the ultrasonic wave assisted green synthesis method, which is cost-effective and eco-friendly. The prepared nano-manganese oxides were used for enhancement of corrosion inhibition behavior of mild steel (MS) in acid medium (1 M HCl). The structural properties of the prepared nano samples were studied using X-ray powder diffraction studies (XRD). Functional groups and thermal behaviour of the prepared metal oxides were tested through Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed the nanosized structure of the prepared manganese oxide. The specific surface areas were found to be 27.914 and 39.438 m2g−1 for the sample prepared from the RP and LPs extract, respectively by BET surface area analysis. Improved electrochemical properties were observed for LPM and the corrosion inhibition efficiency of LPM (72.63%) and RPM (51.50%) was higher compared to the bare MS plate under 1 M HCl medium.

Nano-manganese oxide and reduced graphene oxide-incorporated polyacrylonitrile fiber mats as an electrode material for capacitive deionization (CDI) technology.

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a trending water desalination method during which the impurity ions in water can be removed by electrosorption. In this study, nano-manganese dioxide (MnO2) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-doped polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite fibers are fabricated using an electrospinning technique. The incorporation of both MnO2 and rGO nanomaterials in the synthesized fibers was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The electrochemical characteristics of electrode materials were examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and constant current charge–discharge cycles (CCCDs). The specific capacitance of the PAN electrode increased with increasing MnO2 and rGO contents as well as when thermally treated at 280 °C. Thermally treated composite fibers with 17% (w/w) MnO2 and 1% (w/w) rGO (C-rGOMnPAN) were observed to have the best electrochemical performance, with a specific capacitance of 244 F g−1 at a 10 mV s−1 scan rate. The electrode system was used to study the removal of sodium chloride (NaCl), cadmium (Cd2+) and lead (Pb2+) ions. Results indicated that NaCl showed the highest electrosorption (20 472 C g−1) compared to two heavy metal salts (14 260 C g−1 for Pb2+ and 6265 C g−1 for Cd2+), which is most likely to be due to the ease of mass transfer of lighter Na+ and Cl− ions; When compared, Pb2+ ions tend to show more electrosorption on these fibers than Cd2+ ions. Also, the C-rGOMnPAN electrode system is shown to work with 95% regeneration efficiency when 100 ppm NaCl is used as the electrolyte. Hence, it is clear that the novel binder-free, electrospun C-rGOMnPAN electrodes have the potential to be used in salt removal and also for the heavy metal removal applications of water purification.

Efficient Removal of Pb (П) from aqueous waste by manganese oxide/modified activated carbon composites

The present composites (NMO/Modified AC) were prepared and utilized for the removal of Pb (П) from waste water through batch adsorption. Nano manganese oxide (NMO) was prepared by simple co-precipitation method / modified activated carbon which treated with HNO3 (4M, 6M and 8M). The synthesized samples NMO, NMO/(4M,6M,8M) AC and AC were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Batch experiments were carried out under several conditions such as pH, temperature, contact time, competing cation, and initial lead(П) ion concentration to remove lead (П) ions from liquid waste. The results revealed that NMO, NMO / (4M, 6M, 8M) AC, and AC have a high adsorption efficiency (>99%). The adsorption results from the applied experiments fit Langmuir isotherm, and the kinetic data follow pseudo-second-order model. in addition, the evaluation of thermodynamic parameters (∆G°, ∆S° and ∆H°) from Vant Hoff equation indicated the spontaneous and exothermic nature of adsorption.

Removal of Technetium (<sup>99</sup>Tc) from Aqueous Waste by Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles Loaded into Activated Carbon

Technetium-99 is a radioactive isotope with a half-life of 2.13 × 105 year. 99Tc is a significant contaminant of concern to the world. For this reason, a detailed understanding of technetium chemistry is essential for the protecting the public and the environment especially after increasing the various applications and uses of isotopes in the medical practices. Therefore, treatment of waste increases prior to the safe discharge to the environment or the storage. The sorption of technetium in the form of pertechnetate on a nano manganese oxide loaded into activated carbon has been investigated. Nano manganese oxide (NMO) was synthesized from manganese chloride and potassium permanganate by co-precipitation and forming a new composite by loading a nanoparticle into a modified activated carbon by different ratios. Modifications of activated carbons using different concentrations of HNO3 (4 M, 6 M and 8 M) are used in prepared composites. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the prepared composites. The adsorption of anions from low level radioactive aqueous waste was examined using batch technique. Different parameters affecting on the adsorption process were studied for the removal of . The results revealed that NMO/AC (4 M, 6 M and 8 M) has a high adsorption efficiency (93.57%, 90.3% and 90.3%) respectively compared to NMO and AC which have a lower adsorption efficiency (41% and 38.9%) respectively. Moreover, the adsorption isotherm belonged to Freundlich model, the adsorption data followed pseudo-second order model and the thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption of on Nano-composites was an exothermic and spontaneous process.

Influence of Different Nano Materials on Mechanical Properties of Plain Concrete

This research aims to study the influences of three types of Nano materials on concrete compressive strength, considered Nano types were Nano-Iron Oxide Fe2O3 (NF), Nano-Manganese Oxide Mn2O3 (NM), and Nano-Silica SiO2 (NS). A constant concrete mix and water content were considered. The used percentages of different types of (NF, NM, and NS) that replaced by the cement content were (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0%) of mixture weight (wt). The results demonstrated that the (NS) Nano type has better effect than other types on the concrete compressive strength.

Influence of Different Nano Materials on Mechanical Properties of Plain Concrete

This research aims to study the influences of three types of Nano materials on concrete compressive strength, considered Nano types were Nano-Iron Oxide Fe2O3 (NF), Nano-Manganese Oxide Mn2O3 (NM), and Nano-Silica SiO2 (NS). A constant concrete mix and water content were considered. The used percentages of different types of (NF, NM, and NS) that replaced by the cement content were (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0%) of mixture weight (wt). The results demonstrated that the (NS) Nano type has better effect than other types on the concrete compressive strength.

Intercalation of Nanopolyaniline with Nanobentonite and Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles as a Novel Nanocomposite to Remediate Cobalt/Zinc and Their Radioactive Nuclides 60Co/65Zn

A novel nanocomposite based on the combination of nanobentonite with nanopolyaniline and nanomanganese oxide (N-Bent–NPANI–NMn3O4) was synthesized and investigated to extract Co/Zn ions from water using batch technique and 60Co/65Zn radionuclides from radioactive wastewater using column techniques. Characterization was established by High resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer. The image of HR-TEM indicated that the produced nanocomposite was ranged from 59.07 to 83.38 nm. Solution pH, time of reaction, amount of solid and metal concentration, all of these parameters were inspected and optimized as fundamental factors during the extraction process. The obtained results implied that the ideal conditions for extraction were pH 6 and 7, reaction time 10 and 20 min, for Co and Zn ions, respectively. The highest removal capacities were found 255.28 and 202.22 mg g−1 for Co and Zn, respectively by using 5 mg nanocomposite. Excellent recoveries were obtained as 94.0–94.5% and 92.0–93.0% for removal of Co–60Co and of Zn–65Zn ions, respectively from the examined samples.

Removing Iron Ions Contaminants from Groundwater Using Modified Nano-Hydroxyapatite by Nano Manganese Oxide

In this article, we study modified nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) by nano manganese oxide (Mn3O4) as adsorbent material to remove iron ions from groundwater. Different parameters were studied to option optimum conditions of removing such as contact time, pH, initial concentration, a dosage of adsorbent, agitation speed and temperature. Kinetics studies included first order (R2 = 0.915), pseudo-first order (R2 = 0.936), second order (R2 = 0.948), pseudo-second order (R2 = 0.995), Elovich equation model (R2 = 0.977), intraparticle diffusion (R2 = 0.946), Natarajan and Khalaf (R2 = 0.915) were carried out, the obtained results revealed that the pseudo-second order is the best to describe the adsorption process because the correlation coefficient is approaching one (R2 = 0.995). Adsorption isotherm was calculated by using Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin constants, adsorption capacity from Langmuir model was 0.606 mg/g. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH = −51 KJ/mol, and ΔS = −142 (KJ/mol)) for the adsorption process were also calculated and discussed.

Synthesis of Nano Manganese Oxide with Assistance of Ultrasonic for Removal of Low Concentration NO

Synthesis of Nano Manganese Oxide with Assistance of Ultrasonic for Removal of Low Concentration NO

Hydrothermally grown nano-manganese oxide on clinoptilolite for low-temperature propane-selective catalytic reduction of NOx

A novel nano-size MnxOy/clinoptilolite catalyst of high activity for propane-SCR reaction of NOx at low temperatures has been synthesized by a hydrothermal method in a temperature range of 80–180 °C. The optimum synthesis temperature resulting in maximum NOx conversion was 150 °C. An optimum manganese oxide loading of 0.2 wt.% results in the best catalytic behavior (71% NOx conversion). All catalysts exhibited an optimal propane-SCR reaction temperature of 200 °C. The optimum catalyst produces no detectable CO (GHSV 27,000 h) at 200 °C. Manganese in the optimum catalyst exists as Mn2+ (37.8%), Mn3+ (14.2%), and Mn4+ (48%).

Mitigating arsenic accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) from typical arsenic contaminated paddy soil of southern China using nanostructured α-MnO2: Pot experiment and field application

Manganese oxides are naturally occurring powerful oxidants and scavengers, which can control the mobility and bioavailability of arsenic (As). However, the effect of synthetic nanostructured manganese oxides on the mobilization and transportation of As at actual paddy soils are poorly understood, especially in soils with low or medium background Mn concentration. In the present study, a novel nano manganese oxide with superior reactivity and surface area has been synthesized. A 90-d soil incubation experiment combined with pot and field rice cultivation trials were designed to evaluate the effectiveness of exogenous α-MnO2 nanorods on the mobilization and transportation of As in soil-rice systems. Our results proved that the addition of α-MnO2 nanorods can effectively control the soil-to-solution partitioning of As under anaerobic conditions. After treatment with different amounts of α-MnO2 nanorods, the content of effective As decreased, offset by an increase in residual As and insoluble binding As (Ca-As and Fe-As). Enhancing the oxidation of As(III) into As(V), the α-MnO2 nanorods increased the adsorption of As onto indigenous iron (hydr)oxides which greatly reduced the soil porewater As content. In addition, pot experiments and field applications revealed that the influx of As into the aerial parts of rice plants (stems, husk and leaves) was strictly prohibited after treatments with different amount of α-MnO2 nanorods; more interestingly, significantly negative correlations have been observed between As and Mn in rice, which indicated that as Mn is increased in soil, As in brown rice decreases. Our results demonstrated that the use of α-MnO2 nanorods in As polluted paddy soil containing low levels of background Mn oxides can be a promising remediation strategy.

Microstructure and Properties of Aminated Carbon Nanotubes/Graphene Oxide-MnO<sub>2</sub> Composite for Supercapacitor Electrodes

MWCNTs-NH2/GO-MnO2 composites with different feeding ratio are synthesized by a simple soft chemical route in water-isopropyl alcohol. By amination treatment, carbon nanotubes become more dispersed, thinner and more uniform, and more defect structures are found in MWCNTs-NH2. MWCNTs-NH2 grows on the surface of graphene. nanomanganese oxide homogeneously coats on the surfaces of carbon nanotubes and graphene Oxide. Specific capacitances of MWCNTs-NH2/GO-MnO2 composite calculated by galvanostatic charge/discharge curve were 286.33 F/g at current density 1A·g-1 when feeding ratio is 1:1:6. With the increase of the content of manganese oxide, Nyquist semicircle of EIS parallel shifts to the right and the slash slope of EIS is gradually flat, indicating that resistance increases. When the feeding ratio is equal to 1:1:15, the resistance reaches the maximum. The phenomenon may ascribe to the agglomerate of manganese oxide, which hinders the diffusion rate of reaction ions and causes the increase of resistance.

Adsorption of Cesium, Cobalt, and Lead onto a Synthetic Nano Manganese Oxide: Behavior and Mechanism

Synthesis parameters of nano manganese oxide (NMO) were tuned in order to maximize Cs and Co sorption efficiencies. The prepared oxide was characterized using various techniques including x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), SEM, and surface area analyzer. The sorption characteristics with respect to uptake of Cs, Co, and Pb were evaluated. An α − phase nano manganese oxide with a surface area of 165 m2 g−1 was synthesized. Maximum adsorption capacities were 230 mg g−1 for Pb2+, 73 mg g−1 for Cs+, and 26 mg g−1 for Co2+. The intra-particle diffusion was the rate-limiting step in the case of Pb2+, whereas both intra-particle diffusion and film diffusion contribute to the rate-determining step in the adsorption process in the case of Cs+ and Co2+. FT-IR analyses reveled that Cs+ and Co2+ coordinated to vacancy sites of NMO as inner-sphere complexes, while Pb2+ formed bidentate corner-sharing complexes. NMO had high affinity for Pb2+ but was also effective for sorption of Cs+ and Co2+ over a wide pH range, even in the presence of Na+. HCl (0.5 mol L−1) solution could regenerate the adsorbent successfully, and the NMO could be efficiently reused with lower production of residues. Thus, the prepared NMO can be efficiently used in wastewater treatment in terms of high adsorption capacity, easy availability, and low cost.