Natural Convection Of Nanofluid Research Articles

Sensitivity analysis of MHD nanofluid flow in a composite permeable square enclosure with the corrugated wall using Response surface methodology-central composite design

This work aims to conduct a numerical study on the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection of nanofluid within a porous cavity corrugated hot and cold walls. The system comprises an external magnetic field. The study employs a finite element approach to solve the governing equations for momentum and energy conservation, while systematically varying influential parameters such as the Rayleigh number (Ra), Hartmann number (Ha), Darcy number (Da), and the magnetic parameter (M). The fluctuations in these parameters allow for the analysis of their effects on the Nusselt number, flow patterns and thermal performance. A notable innovation of this research lies in the incorporation of a Response Surface Methodology (RSM)-based sensitivity analysis. This approach yields valuable insights for optimizing thermal management and enhancing energy efficiency in advanced Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) systems. According to conclusive data, employing a permeable partition instead of a solid partition leads to a notable enhancement in the mean Nusselt value. Specifically, at Ra = 100, the improvement is recorded at 26.28%. Furthermore, at Ra = 104, this enhancement reaches its peak, with a substantial increase of 56.5%.

Natural convection in nanofluid enclosure under magnetic field: Entropy generation and economic analysis

This study investigates the unsteady natural convection and entropy generation under the effects of magnetic field and baffles inside a nanofluid filled E-shaped enclosure. The nanofluid flow is driven by time-varying sidewall temperature and is partitioned by baffles. Multiple factors are discussed, including the enclosure aspect ratio (0.2 ≤ AR ≤ 0.7), nanofluid volume fractions (0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.1), Hartmann numbers (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 80), frequency of time-varying side wall temperature (0.01 ≤ ω ≤ 0.1), baffle locations (0 ≤ d ≤ 0.4) and length (0 ≤ l ≤ 0.4). An economic analysis is conducted to show the nanofluid cost of enhancing thermal transfer and reducing entropy generation. The modelling results show that increasing aspect ratio and nanofluid volume fraction enhance the thermal transfer behavior, while the magnetic field suppresses the nanofluid natural convection. Total entropy generation monotonically decreases with the increasing nanofluid volume fraction and Hartmann number. Installing baffles into horizontal walls can boost the thermal transfer behavior and decrease the total entropy generation. The economic analysis shows that increasing the nanofluid volume fraction can effectively improve the thermal economy, and this improvement increases with magnetic intensity.

Nanofluid natural convection of hot concentric cylinder in oval-shaped porous cavity at different eccentricity

PurposeThis paper aims to study the effect of concentric hot circular cylinder inside egg-cavity porous-copper nanofluid on natural convection phenomena.Design/methodology/approachThe finite element method–based Galerkin approach is applied to solve numerically the set of governing equations with appropriate boundary conditions.FindingsThe effects of different range parameters, such as Darcy number (10–3 = Da = 10–1), Rayleigh number (103 = Ra = 106), nanoparticle volume fraction (0 = ϑ = 0.06) and eccentricity (−0.3 = e = 0.1) on the fluid flow represent by stream function and heat transfer represent by temperature distribution, local and average Nusselt numbers.Research limitations/implicationsA comparison between oval shape and concentric circular concentric cylinder was investigated.Originality/valueIn the current numerical study, heat transfer by natural convection was identified inside the new design of egg-shaped cavity as a result of the presence of a circular inside it supported by a porous medium filled with a nanofluid. After reviewing previous studies and considering the importance of heat transfer by free convection inside tubes for many applications, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the current work is the first study that deals with a study and comparison between the common shape (concentric circular tubes) and the new shape (egg-shaped cavity).

Expression of Concern: Control of hybrid nanofluid natural convection with entropy generation: A LBM analysis based on the irreversibility of thermodynamic laws

Expression of Concern: Control of hybrid nanofluid natural convection with entropy generation: A LBM analysis based on the irreversibility of thermodynamic laws

Numerical Investigation of Hybrid Nanofluid Natural Convection and Entropy Generation in a Corrugated Enclosure with an Inner Conducting Block

Current work deals with a numerical analysis of convective heat transfer and entropy generation inside a rectangular cavity with a corrugated bottom filled with MoS2–SiO2-water hybrid nanofluid. Here, a conducting solid body is attached to the top wall, and discrete heaters are attached to the bottom wall of the cavity. The numerical solutions of the governing equations are derived utilizing a higher-order compact (HOC) finite difference scheme and validated with the existing computational and experimental results. Present numerical results are then studied in detail, emphasizing isotherms, streamlines, and local entropy generation with respect to specific parameters like Rayleigh number (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106), the volume percentage of nanoparticles (0% ≤ Φ ≤ 4%), the thermal conductivity of solid body (1.95 ≤ ks ≤ 16.00) as well as the aspect ratio of heater length (AR = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8). The impacts of key factors on the Bejan number, average Nusselt number, and overall entropy generation are also investigated. The results show that an increase in the thermal conductivity of the solid body from 1.95 to 16.00 increases the average Nusselt number and total entropy generation by 9.17% and 40.07%, respectively, for AR = 0.2, Ra = 106, and Φ = 4%. In addition, the average Nusselt number and total entropy generation decrease by 59.11% and 61.99%, respectively, for ks = 16.00, Ra = 106, and Φ = 4% when the aspect ratio of heater length increases to 0.8.

Numerical simulation of heat transfer and entropy generation due to the nanofluid natural convection with viscous dissipation in an inclined square cavity

In this work, the effects of viscous dissipation on heat transfer and entropy generation of the nanofluid natural convection in an inclined square cavity are numerically investigated. A fractional-step semiimplicit finite difference algorithm based on the projection method on a staggered grid is proposed to solve the laminar natural convection problem, which has the advantage of larger time steps. The square cavity is filled with a nanofluid composed of (Cu) copper nanoparticles and water. and the viscous dissipative behavior of the mixture flow is not negligible. The studied parameters are Rayleigh number Ra ( 10 4 and 10 5 ), Eckert number Ec ( 0 − 2 ), the volume fraction of solid particles ϕ ( 0 − 0.06 ), and inclination angle of square cavity α ( 0 − π / 2 ). The Prandtl number is fixed to Pr = 6.2 . The results show that at any inclination angle, the increase in viscous dissipation leads to weakened heat transfer on the hot wall, enhanced heat transfer on the cold wall, and weakened flow in the square cavity. For the base solution without nanoparticles, the Eckert number has the greatest impact, with its effects on the average Nusselt number on the hot wall, maximum streamfunction, and average Nusselt number on the cold wall being ∼13, 0.15, 18.69%, and at Ra = 10 4 , and 12, 0.5, 28.87% at Ra = 10 5 , respectively. Research on entropy generation shows that as Eckert number increases, the entropy generation due to heat transfer increases, while due to fluid friction decreases. As the Rayleigh number increases, the effect of viscous dissipation increases. As the inclination angle increases, the effects of volume fraction and Eckert number weaken. Adding solid particles can effectively weaken the effect of viscous dissipation.

Lattice Boltzmann Method Simulation of Nanofluid Natural Convection Heat Transfer in a Square Cavity with Constant Heat Flux at Walls

AbstractIn this study, for the first time, a nanofluid's natural convection heat transfer in a two-dimensional square cavity has been numerically investigated by use of the lattice Boltzmann method with the constant heat flux boundary condition. The horizontal walls of the cavity are insulated, and the vertical walls are kept at a constant heat flux. The diameters of the nanoparticles inside the cavity are the same and have a homogeneous distribution, and there is no chemical reaction between the particles. The flow is also assumed to be the steady state and two-dimensional. Constant temperature, streamlines, velocity, and average Nusselt have been investigated for different nanoparticle volume fractions and Rayleigh numbers. The results showed that the lattice Boltzmann method efficiently analyzes the natural heat transfer of nanofluids; moreover, by use of nanofluid in the cavity increases the heat transfer rate. With the increase in the nanoparticle volume fraction, the average Nusselt number on the right wall of the cavity increased. For a volume fraction of 20% with Grashof number 105, the average Nusselt number increased by almost 50% compared to the base fluid at the same Grashof number. It has been observed that as the volume fraction of nanoparticles in the fluid increases, the fluid’s viscosity also increases; consequently, the velocity of the fluid is found to decrease.

Analysis of irreversibility on nanofluid flow through porous medium considering shape, dispersion and melting effects

This study is conducted to explore the impact of thermal dispersion and melting on the natural convective nanofluid (nickel zinc ferrite + SAE 20W-40 motor oil) flow over a stretching sheet in a Darcy porous medium. An irreversibility analysis has also been performed using the second law of thermodynamics. The fundamental nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are converted into a system of dimensionless nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through Lie group similarity transformations and then solved by employing the spectral local linearization method implemented in MATLAB software. It is noteworthy to highlight that the validation results indicate a strong concurrence with existing findings in previously published literature. After simulation, it is specified that the thermal dispersion disrupts the entropy (by 63.7%) and enhances the surface friction. Likewise, the heat transfer rate improves by 1.5% with the melting effect and 58.7% with the Darcy number. The results indicate that the brick-shaped particles exhibit a higher rate of heat transfer and lower entropy production. Further, this work has many uses such as, core, microwave, and biomedical applications like tumor treatments, bone plate surgeries, EMI (electromagnetic interfaces), electronics cooling, and aerodynamic extrusion processes, in the design of passive ventilation systems.

Nonlinear natural convective nanofluid flow past a vertical plate

Nonlinear natural convective nanofluid flow past a vertical plate

Thermal performance investigation of transient natural convective nanofluid flow in a square cavity with inclined periodic magnetic field

The goal of this paper is to analyze the thermal exhibition of transient free convective nanofluid flow in a square cavity with inclined periodic magnetic field using one-component thermally equilibrium homogeneous model. Distinct thermal settings (constant, parabolic, and sinusoidal) for the left heated wall are deliberated when the right wall of the cavity is cold and the horizontal walls are insulated. For numerical simulations, eight types of nanofluids consisting Cu, Co, Zn, and Al2O3 nanoparticles along with H2O and kerosene as base fluids have been employed. During numerical computation, the impacts of different factors (Hartmann number, Rayleigh number, nanoparticles volume fraction, period, and inclination angle) on the fluid flow and heat transfer are examined. The numerical results show that cobalt-kerosene nanofluid distributes the maximum heat transfer rate compared to other 7 types of nanofluids. The results also indicate that sinusoidal thermal scenery at the left heated wall delivers the uppermost average Nusselt number compared to the other types of thermal approaches. The optimum thermal performance is achieved at magnetic field's inclination angle δ=π3 and period number λ = 1 for the case of sinusoidal scenery.

Numerical Investigation of Fin Shape Optimization and Entropy of Magnetohydrodynamics Natural Convection Nanofluid Flow in a Cavity

The purpose of the investigation is to analyze the effect of fin length and position in terms of rotational angle on heat transmission and entropy generation. Different parameters such as Prandtl numbers, Hartmann numbers, Rayleigh numbers, and particle volume fractions are used to analyze nanofluid laminar flow behavior and temperature distribution. The fin has a significant impact on both the isotherm and the streamlines. Findings revealed that increasing the rotational angle of a spinning heat exchanger might result in more consistent temperature distribution along isotherms; larger fins, on the other hand, frequently provide greater heat dissipation due to increased surface area. Furthermore, when Rayleigh numbers increase, so does the temperature distribution between the fins and the surrounding fluid. The presence of a magnetic field affects fluid dynamics and contributes to the generation of entropy. Higher Prandtl numbers can result in the enhancement heat transfer phenomena and the generation of entropy.

Natural Convective Nanofluid Flows Immersed in Oscillating Magnetic Fields Simulated by a Sub-Continuous Lattice Boltzmann Model

Abstract Natural convective nanofluid flows immersed in oscillating magnetic fields are simulated with a sub-continuous nondimensional lattice Boltzmann model. The effective electrical conductivity model is built including coupled effects of nanoparticle concentrations and two Knudsen numbers. Effects of directions, frequencies, and strength amplitudes of the magnetic fields are studied in wide ranges of Hartmann numbers (0.1≤Haf,L≤600) and Rayleigh numbers (103≤Raf,L≤107). To achieve higher values of cycle averaged Nusselt numbers Nu¯̂f,L, optimal magnetic directions are along or opposite from the gravity directions. Effects of the magnetic frequency f˜B are negligible, in the conduction dominating lower Rayleigh number regime of Raf,L<104. In the convection dominating regime, Nu¯̂f,L increase with Raf,L in orders of Raf,L0.48 and Raf,L0.45 for vertical and horizontal magnetic directions, respectively, and maximum values of Nu¯̂f,L appear at the optimal magnetic frequency of f˜B=1/5cs*MaL(L/UL) for all magnetic directions. With Raf,L as high as 106, the oscillating amplitudes of the transient wall mean Nusselt numbers Nu¯f,L increase with increasing Haf,L, but the cycle averaged Nusselt numbers Nu¯̂f,L decrease from 9.35 to 1.42 with increasing Haf,L in the transient regime of 5≤Haf,L≤500. Meanwhile, heat transfer patterns transit back from convection to conduction dominating patterns with increasing Haf,L, as illustrated by transient streamlines and isotherms.

Numerical Analysis of Cu–H2O Nano-Fluid Natural Convection in a Trapezoidal Enclosure Filled Withporous Medium

Numerical Analysis of Cu–H2O Nano-Fluid Natural Convection in a Trapezoidal Enclosure Filled Withporous Medium

MHD Natural Convection Nanofluid Flow between two Vertical Flat Plates through Porous Medium considering effects of viscous dissipation, non-Darcy, and Heat Generation/Absorption

MHD Natural Convection Nanofluid Flow between two Vertical Flat Plates through Porous Medium considering effects of viscous dissipation, non-Darcy, and Heat Generation/Absorption

Mathematical Modeling of Pseudoplastic Nanofluid Natural Convection in a Cavity with a Heat-Generating Unit and Solid Finned Heat Sink

The power-law nanofluid natural convection in a chamber with a thermally generating unit and a solid ribbed structure has been studied in this work. A mixture of carboxymethylcellulose with water and copper nanoparticles is a working fluid illustrating pseudoplastic properties. The effective properties of the nanoliquid have been described by experimental correlations reflecting the temperature effect. The governing equations have been formulated on the basis of the conservation laws of mass, momentum and energy employing non-primitive parameters such as stream function and vorticity. The defined boundary value problem has been worked out by the finite difference technique using an independently developed calculation system. The Rayleigh number is fixed for analysis (Ra = 105). The paper analyzes the influence of the nanoparticles volume fraction, an increase in which reduces the temperature in the case of the one edge presence. An analysis of the rib height has shown that its growth leads to a weakening of the convective heat transfer, but at the same time, the source temperature also decreases. Increasing the number of fins from 1 to 3 also helps to reduce the average temperature of the heat-generated element by 15%.

Numerical assessment of meshless method for studying nanofluid natural convection in a corrugated wall square cavity

This study aims to investigate the impact of various factors, such as wall shape, Rayleigh number, and volume fraction of nanoparticles, on natural convection in a square cavity that is filled with a mixture of Al2O3 solid particles and liquid water. The research employs numerical simulations based on the radial basis function meshless method and the artificial compressibility technique. The results of the study showed that the temperature distribution in the cavity was mostly uniform, except in the vicinity of the hot wall, while the flow was primarily dominated by convection as the Rayleigh number increased. Furthermore, the heat transfer rate increased with the volume fraction of nanoparticles, indicating the significance of nanoparticles in improving the thermal performance of the system. Additionally, the study found that the average Nusselt number, which characterizes the heat transfer efficiency, was highest when the cavity had a wavy wall. For single and double wavy walls, there were respective enhancements of 32% and 6% compared to a regular wall. Additionally, the Nusselt number increased as the volume fraction of nanoparticles, indicating a significant influence of nanoparticle concentration and wall geometry on the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in the square cavity. Consequently, this study's outcomes provide crucial insights into designing and optimizing thermal management systems, particularly those utilizing nanofluids.

A Comprehensive Numerical Analysis of Natural Convection in Nanofluids within Various Enclosure Geometries: A Review

A Comprehensive Numerical Analysis of Natural Convection in Nanofluids within Various Enclosure Geometries: A Review

Numerical Solution of Natural Convection Nanofluid Flow over aNon-Isothermal Vertical Plate

The natural convection nanofluidflow over a non-isothermal vertical plate is studied numerically. The effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters are incorporated into models used for nanofluids. The non-linear partial differential equations and boundary conditions are transformed into a set of nonlinear ordinally differential equations using the similarity transformations. The resulting system of equations are solved numerically by using shooting techniques. This solution depends on the Prandtl number (Pr), Buoyancy ratio (Nr), Brownian-motion (Nb), thermophoresis parameter (Nt), Lewis number (Le), and power-law exponent (λ). For different values of λ, Le and Pr, the influence of reduced Nusselt number with Nr, Nb and Nt is represented by correlation formulas and compared with previously published results and found to be in better agreement.

A Radiative Chemical Process for the Methylene Blue Degradation by Natural Convective Nanofluid Flow over an Upright Cone.

An upstraight cone with nonisothermal surface velocity, temperature, and concentration was investigated using a numerical solution approach to simulate MHD, MB dye, and various nanofluid flows. Numerical evaluation of the flow field equation was carried out using an excellent finite difference method after it has been converted into a dimensionless form. Different heat transfer occurrences were observed depending on temperature, velocity, and concentration when using several types of nanofluids (TiO, Ag, Cu, and Al2O3Z3). The amount of MB dye that was degraded by the synthesized nanofluids under the influence of sunlight irradiation was 81.40 percent as a catalyst (carbon nanodots). The parametric analysis of various features of flow fields has been shown using graphs. It was observed that heat is generated from the cone during the sun light irradiation reaction, heat is transferred to MB dye containing nanofluids, and heat interacts with nanofluids and is involved in the chemical reaction with the assistance of electrons. As MB dye degrades in the absence of catalysts (carbon nanodots), it is only 52 percent effective. MB dye is degraded at 81.40 percent, then becomes stable, and takes 120 minutes to degrade in nanofluids containing MB dye with catalysts (carbon nanodots).

Numerical and machine learning approaches in nanofluid natural convection flow in a wavy cavity

In this study, machine learning modeling for the average Nusselt number obtained by the numerical simulation of natural convection flow of copper (Cu)-water nanofluid in a wavy cavity is investigated. Radial basis function based finite difference method (RBF-FD) is applied for numerical computations of the dimensionless governing equations of the considered problem. Machine learning techniques, multivariate adaptive regression splines (Mars) and Trilayer Neural Networks (TNN), are used for modeling. The trained data to be used in modeling is built from the results of the numerical calculations. In this data, the output is the average Nusselt number and the inputs are the chosen problem parameters. The test data is also created separately, and the models are tested comparing the results with the corresponding numerical results. TNN predictions are obtained better than Mars predictions on this test data. Instead of re-performing numerical executions to get average Nusselt number at some problem parameter settings, TNN modeling is a good alternative for getting the expected result immediately. The other problem unknowns, stream function and temperature, are also modeled depending only on the coordinates inside the domain in a fixed parameter setting. This results in independence from a numerical method in larger grid distribution.