Nanofilled Resin Composite Research Articles

Comparison of Water Sorption and Water Solubility Properties of Current Restorative Materials with Different Contents.

This study aimed to investigate and compare water sorption and solubility properties of current restorative materials with different contents. Alkasite, self-adhesive restorative material (Cention N, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein), bulk-fill glass hybrid restorative material (EQUIA Forte HT, GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan), nanohybrid universal composite material (OptiShade, Kerr Dental, United States), and bulk-fill composite material (Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States) were used. Samples (n = 6) were prepared (2 × 10 mm) according to the ISO 4049 standards. Water sorption and solubility values were calculated according to the ISO 4049 standards. One-way ANOVA, Tukey's post-hoc, Tamhane's T2 post-hoc, Pearson's correlation, and independent samples t-tests were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). Group EQUIA Forte HT significantly showed the highest water sorption values (57.278 ± 3.174), while Group Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative exhibited the lowest (4.429 ± 0.174; p < 0.05). The water sorption values for Group Cention N were 5.000 ± 0.542. Group EQUIA Forte HT significantly had the lowest water solubility values (-99.799 ± 1.909), while Group Cention N (-2.966 ± 0.402) significantly exhibited the highest (p < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between water sorption and solubility values for each material (p > 0.05). The bulk-fill nano-filled composite resin material was successful in terms of water sorption while the bulk-fill glass hybrid restorative system in terms of water solubility. Alkasite can be recommended to be used as a base material due to its high solubility feature. Monomer, filler type, and amount had an impact on the water sorption and solubility properties of the tested materials.

Effects of minimally invasive endodontic access cavity in molar teeth on polymerization, porosity and fracture resistance

Minimally invasive access cavities have been proposed in the last decade to reduce tooth tissue loss during endodontic treatment and mitigate compromised fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. Fracture resistance of molars with different types of access cavity design may be affected by restorative materials and aging. Insufficient literature data exist on the effect of cavity design and type of restorative materials on restorative aspects such as material adaptation or photo-polymerization in restricted access cavities. This study analyses quality of polymerization, material adaptation and fracture resistance of molars with different types of access cavities restored with glass-ionomer, high-viscosity fiber-reinforced bulk-fill and nanofilled resin composite. Plastic molar teeth with truss (TREC) and traditional endodontic access cavity (TEC) were restored with nanofilled composite (Filtek Supreme), glass-ionomer Fuji IX and Filtek or fiber-reinforced everX Posterior and Filtek. Porosity was determined using microcomputer tomography and the degree of conversion of resin-based materals using micro-Raman spectroscopy. Human molars prepared and restored in the same way were used for fracture resistance testing at baseline and after thermocycling. The results demonstrate that high-viscosity fiber-reinforced composite was difficult to adapt in TREC cavity leading to greater porosity than Filtek or Fuji. TREC design did not affect composite polymerization and led to higher fracture resistance of restored molars compared to TEC but also more unrestorable fractures.

Reattachment of Fractured Tooth Segment in Minimally Invasive Way - A Case Report

Dental trauma frequently results in coronal fractures of the front teeth. Root canal therapy followed by reattaching the fractured segment with fiber post reinforcement is a viable alternative in cases of complex fractures where the fractured segment is present and there is close approximation of the segment to the intact tooth. Reattaching a fractured piece is a quicker, less involved process that offers immediate relief, better aesthetics, and function restoration. The present case report is of a 11-year-old boy with an uncomplicated crown fracture of permanent maxillary right central incisor and a palatal uncomplicated crown–root fracture of his permanent maxillary left central incisor . The fractured fragment was reattached using nano-filled dual-cure composite resin and tooth restored with composite resin. The fragment showed opaque discoloration that reduced over time but still persisted after 1 year. During the follow-up period, no unfavorable radiographic changes were seen. The prognosis of the teeth was favorable with good esthetic results. Keywords: Fragment reattachment, Fragment rehydration, Periodontal health, Root fracture, Uncomplicated crown.

THE DETECTOR METHODS OF COLOR CHANGING TO NON-INVASIVE AND ECONOMICAL NANOFILLER COMPOSITE RESIN BASED ON OPTICAL IMAGING

It has been developed the detector method of color changing to non-invasive and economical nanofiller composite resin based on optical imaging. The method is chosen due to the easiness of information in images form to be understood. The color changing is represented by the changing of brightness intensity laser which transmitted by samples. The light source uses green pointer laser with 532 nm of wavelength of and webcam sensor which can be obtained in the local market. Fraunhofer diffraction principle is used to utilize set up and test material treatment. By utilizing IC LM 317, it is made a series of regulators so that the laser pointer can be the input voltage from voltage source (AC). The light source of laser pointer is exposed to the test materials for detecting the intensity of transmission. Samples are made as thin as possible in order to transmit light and are given treatment in form of immersion in tea and coffee solution. Immersion is done for 1 week for 4 hours per day. The transmission intensity of samples captured by webcam and processed using the Delphi program. The data collections in form of transmission intensity are in pixel scale. The results indicate that the longer time immersion used affect the transmission intensity of samples decrease. These results can be seen from graph of the relation between transmission intensity with longer time of immersion. This detector can be used to help characterization of color's stability determination on the material which is portable gear.

The chemical and optical stability evaluation of injectable restorative materials under wet challenge

ObjectivesTo investigate and compare the chemical and optical stability of four restorative composite materials: two injectable resins, one flowable resin and one compomer. MethodsTwo injectable nano-filled composite resins: G-aenial Universal (GU) and Beautifil Injectable XSL (BI), a flowable composite resin: Filtek Supreme Flowable (FS) and a compomer: Dyract Flow (DF), in A2 shade were tested and compared. Water sorption and solubility were conducted according to ISO4049:2019 standard; ICP-OES and F-ion selective electrode were used to test the elemental release; Degree of conversion (DC) was obtained by using FTIR; water contact angle was obtained by static sessile drop method, and a spectrophotometer was used for optical properties (ΔE⁎, ΔL⁎ and TP). SPSS 28.0 was used for statistical analysis and the significant level was pre-set as α = 0.05. ResultsGU performed the best in water sorption and solubility, FS had the lowest elemental release, the best colour stability, and the highest DCIM and DC24-h. DF, the compomer had the lowest, and GU and BI, the injectable composites had the largest water contact angle, respectively. Correlations were found between water sorption and water solubility. ConclusionsThe four composite restorative materials showed different chemical and optical behaviours. Overall, composite resins performed better than compomer, while additional laboratory and in vivo tests are necessary to obtain a more comprehensive comparison between injectable and flowable composite resins. Wsp and Wsl are influenced by many common factors, and the values are highly positively related. Clinical SignificanceA comprehensive understanding of materials is crucial before selecting materials for clinical practice. Composite resins rather than compomers are recommended because of their exceptional properties, which make them eligible for a wide range of clinical applications and an elongated lifespan.

Microscopic Comparison of the effect of Three Polishing Systems on a Nanofiller Composite Resin

In restorative dentistry, selection of materials is decisive to obtain optimal aesthetic results, in the case of dental resins, the size characteristics and particle distribution of the different polishing systems, constitute a factor considerably influences the results. Objective: The purpose of the present research work was to compare three systems employed to polishing composite resin, documenting the results at the microscopic level, to identifying which of them showed better results concerning the roughness. Material and methods: Three polishing systems were evaluated: Soflex from 3M®, Optra Pol and Astrobrush from Ivoclar® Vivadent and Jiffy Hishine from Ultradent, employing the LSM 700 Confocal Microscopy System, also roughness was observed and registered on the surface of a nanofiller resin Tetric Evoceram Ivoclar® Vivadent inserted in stainless steel molds. Results: The roughness mean observed were as follows: 13.95μm for Soflex of 3M®, 13.45μm for Optra Pol of Ivoclar® and 8.05μm for Jiffy Hishine Ultradent. All data recorded in Microsoft Excel 2010 IBM STATISTICS, determinated statistical differences between the groups of Ultradent®. Conclusion: The lowest roughness corresponded to Ultradent with values of 8.01μm.

Effect of whitening toothpaste and toothpowder on nanofiller composite resin discoloration after immersion in black tea

Background: One of the factors of discoloration on composite resin is extrinsic factors, such as black tea. Various ways are used to restore the color of composite resin, for example, toothpaste or toothpowder with whitening ingredients. Adding whitening ingredients such as activated charcoal or pearl essence in toothpaste or toothpowder can remove pigments, chromophores, and stains on composite resin with an abrasion effect on the composite surface.Method: This research was an experimental laboratory with a pretest and post-test control group design. This study used 12 samples of nanofiller composite resin (Palfique LX5 B1) in a cylindrical shape with 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness. The research was conducted by immersing the samples in black tea for 4 hours with repetition for 13 days. After immersing, the samples were divided into 3 groups: group I was brushed with charcoal toothpaste, group II was brushed with whitening toothpowder, and group III was brushed with non-whitening toothpaste. Brushing was done for 3 minutes with repetition for 13 days. The color parameters were measured using VITA Easyshade V 3 times.Result: The Shapiro-Wilk normality test showed the data normally distributed (p&gt;0,05). The repeated ANOVA test showed no significant color change (p&gt;0,05).Conclusion: Charcoal toothpaste, whitening toothpowder, and non-whitening toothpaste affect the color change of nanofiller composite resin, but there is no significant color change between the three kinds of toothpaste.

Effect of various beverage immersions on the color stability and degree of cure of two types of dental resin composite materials: An in vitro study

Among the wide range of polymer matrices, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based matrices can be considered the most common polymer in dental applications. Significant parameters, such as conversion degree and change of color of two commercial brands, nano-filled composite resin, NovaPro (N), and micro-hybrid composite resin, VladMiVa (V), were investigated after curing and immersing the dental specimens in different drinks for one and seven days at 37°C. Raman spectroscopy was used to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) by measuring the ratio of the absorption bands related to aromatic and methacrylate C=C stretching modes. These ratios were of the same value. CIE (Color Imaging Experiment) was used to investigate the color change of the filling resins. The N composite has a noticeable color change in coffee after 24 hours and almost the exact change after one week. Yogurt also significantly affects the color stability of the same composite just after one week of immersion. Cola dramatically affects the color of the same composite after one week of immersion. For the (V) composite, the effect of the drinks after immersion for 24 hours and after one week was within the acceptable limit and non-noticeable by the naked human eye, which means it has better color stability than the (N).

3-year randomized clinical trial to evaluate the performance of posterior composite restorations lined with ion-releasing materials

To evaluate the impact of using ion-releasing liners on the 3-year clinical performance of posterior resin composite restorations after selective caries excavation with polymer burs. 20 patients were enrolled in this trial. Each patient had two deep carious lesions, one on each side of the mouth. After selective caries removal using polymer bur (PolyBur P1, Komet, Brasseler GmbH Co. KG, Lemgo, Germany), cavities were lined with bioactive ionic resin composite (Activa Bioactive Base/Liner, Pulpdent, Watertown, MA, USA) or resin-modified glass ionomer liner (Riva Light Cure, SDI, Bayswater, Victoria, Australia). All cavities were then restored with nanofilled resin composite (Filtek Z350XT, 3M Oral Care, St. Paul, MN, USA). All the tested materials were placed according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Clinical evaluation was accomplished using World Dental Federation (FDI) criteria at baseline and after 6 months, 1, 2, and 3 years. Data were analyzed using Mann–whitney U and Friedman tests (p < 0.05). The success rates were 100% for all resin composite restorations either lined with ion-releasing resin composite or resin-modified glass ionomer liner. Mann–whitney U test revealed that there were no statistically significant differences between both ion-releasing lining material groups for all criteria during the follow-up periods (p > 0.05). Resin composite restorations showed acceptable clinical performance over 3 years either lined with bioactive ionic or resin-modified glass ionomer liners after selective caries excavation preserving pulp vitality. After the 3-year follow-up period, Activa Bioactive and Riva Light Cure liners were clinically effective and they exhibited with the overlying composite restorations successful clinical performance.Trial registration number: NCT05470959. Date of registration: 22/7/2022. Retrospectively registered.

Pengaruh perendaman dengan jus umbi bit merah (beta vulgaris l.) terhadap perubahan warna restorasi resin komposit nanofiller

Background: To achieve an aesthetic restoration, it is necessary to choose the right technique and material. Nanofiller composite resin is an option in aesthetic restoration because it has high aesthetic qualities, mechanical properties, and wear resistance. The presence of discoloration in composite resin restorations is undesirable because it interferes with the aesthetic value and appearance. Changes in the color of the restoration caused by extrinsic factors are influenced by color pigments and acidic pH contained in the food and beverages consumed, for example, red beetroot. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of consumption of red beetroot on the color change of nanofiller composite resin, by immersing it in red beetroot juice. Methods: The object of this research is a cylindrical nanofiller composite resin with a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 2 mm. The research was conducted by immersing the nanofiller composite resin in red beetroot juice and aquadest. The study was divided into 2 groups, the control group and the test group, which were placed in an incubator with a temperature of 37oC for 24 hours. In the treatment group, samples were immersed in red beetroot juice for 4 hours for 7 days, followed by immersion in distilled water. In the control group, samples were immersed in distilled water for 24 hours. The color parameters of the research subjects were measured using Vita Easyshade V, before and after treatment for 7 days. After the normality test, the acquired data was statistically tested using Mann-Whitney test and T-test (Independent). Results: The results of this study showed a significant color change (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: There is an effect of soaking with red beetroot juice on the color change of the nanofiller composite resin.

Can discolored dental composites be bleached in depth?

Previous in vitro studies determined the whitening effects of bleaching products on stained resin composite surfaces. This in vitro study aimed to verify the effectiveness of a whitening system on composite resin previously subjected to pigmentation, specifically examining the depth of whitening effectiveness within the material structure. A commercially available nano-filled composite resin was used. Specimens were stained using a coffee-based solution and a 10% carbamide peroxide-based gel was employed as the whitening agent. The pigment's penetration and the effect of the bleaching gel were evaluated by measuring color (CieLab values) from the outer edge to the inner part of the specimens. Color measurements were taken at 14 points, starting from 0.1 mm from the external perimeter up to 3.0 mm. Analysis of variance tests showed a statistically significant difference between the Control Group (CG), Pigmentation Group, and Whitening Group. The whitening agent was effective up to 1.5 mm in depth, with Whiteness index (W) values not statistically different from those of CG up to 0.5 mm in depth. Whitening agents on nano-filled resin composite previously pigmented appear effective in restoring the W to values similar to the original, particularly in the superficial layers of the sample.

Pelepasan monomer resin komposit nanofil dan mikrohibrid dengan penyinaran berbeda

Background: Many factors affect the elution of composite resin monomers, such as filler size and light-curing unit used. Objectives: to compare the effect of the filler size and light-curing unit on the elution of monomers. Methods: Subjects were 20 composite resins, consists of 10 microhybrid composite resins and 10 nanofilled composite resins, diameter 4.5 mm and height 2 mm. Composite specimens were cured using halogen light-curing unit 680 mW/cm² or LED 1000 mW/cm², for 20 seconds according to group random allocation. Specimens were put into 1 mL artificial saliva, soaked for 24 hours and then were analyzed with LC-MS/MS, for TEGDMA elution. Results: Two-ways ANOVA test showed there were differences in the influence of filler size and light-curing units type on monomer elution (p &lt; 0.05). The mean of monomer TEGDMA eluted from micro-hal 2.4960 µg/mL ± 0.49318 µg/mL, micro-LED 0.03114 µg/mL ± 2.0820 µg/mL, nano-hal 1.8120 µg/mL ± 0.24273 µg/mL, and nano-LED 1.5000 µg/mL ± 0.0255 µg/mL. Tukey test showed microhybrid composite resin eluted more TEGDMA than nanofilled composite resin (p &lt; 0.05). There were no significant differences in the elution of TEGDMA monomers with the use of light-curing unit halogen or LED (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: Different filler size influenced the elution of composite resin monomer. The polymerization of the nanofilled composite resin is better than microhybrid composite resin, proved by less nanofilled composite resin monomer eluted. The use of halogen light-curing unit or LED light-curing unit, showed no difference in the effect on the elution of monomer.

Effect of Commercial Mouth Rinses on Physical Properties of Conventional and Bulk-fill Resin Composites.

To evaluate the effects of commercial mouth rinses on color, roughness, sorption (SR), and solubility (SL) of resin composites. Disc-shaped specimens (stage I: 6 mm × 2 mm; stage II: 10 mm × 1.5 mm) were made from the following resin composites (n=10): conventional nanofilled (Filtek Z350XT, 3M Oral Care), conventional nanohybrid (Luna, SDI), bulk-fill nanofilled (Filtek One Bulk-Fill, 3M Oral Care), and bulk-fill nanohybrid (Aura Bulk-Fill, SDI) exposed to distilled water (control), blue mouth rinse without alcohol (Colgate Total 12 Clean Mint, Colgate-Palmolive), or blue mouth rinse with alcohol and essential oil (Listerine Tartar Control, Johnson & Johnson). In stage I, tests were performed at the baseline, and after the immersion in solution time points to evaluate coordinates of the CIEL*a*b* system (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*), general color change (ΔEab, ΔE00, and ΔSGU), and surface roughness (Ra). In stage II, SR and SL were evaluated (ISO 4049:2019) after immersion in the solutions for 7 days. The results were evaluated by generalized linear models (Ra, SR), Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn tests (color, SL), with α = 0.05. There were no significative differences for Ra between the solutions. Both mouth rinses promoted significantly negative ΔL* (Luna), Δa* (Filtek One Bulk-fill), and Δb* (all materials except conventional nanofilled resin composite). Mouth rinse without alcohol promoted significantly negative Δa* on all resin composites tested. Both mouth rinses promoted higher ΔEab and ΔE00 for bulk-fill resin composites compared to control. Mouth rinse with alcohol caused higher ΔSGU for bulk-fill nanofilled resin composite. It also promoted greater SR in all the resin composites compared with mouth rinse without alcohol and higher SR in nanohybrid resin composites compared with control. Both mouth rinses promoted higher SL values in Luna and differed significantly from control. The physical properties were manufacturer dependent and mediated by mouth rinses. The mouth rinses promoted color changes in the resin composites, pointing out that bulk-fill resin composites were more affected by these effects, especially when the mouth rinse contained essential oil and alcohol.

The Effect of Food-Simulating Liquids and Thermal Aging on Surface Roughness and Color Stability of Bulk-Fill and Conventional Composites

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of food-simulating liquids (FSLs) and thermal aging on the surface roughness and color stability of bulk-fill and conventional composites. Materials and Methods: A total of 320 disc-shaped samples were prepared, with 40 samples from each of 4 different bulk-fill composites (Filtek Bulk Fill, X-tra fil, Beautifil Bulk Restorative, and Estelite Bulk Fill Flow), and 4 conventional nano-filled composite resins (Filtek Z550, CeramX SphereTEC one, Admira, and Kalore). The prepared samples were randomly divided into subgroups for exposure to FSLs (ethanol, heptane, citric acid) and thermal cycling (TC) (n=10 per subgroup) for 28 days. Initial profilometric surface roughness measurements (Ra0) of all samples and AFM and SEM analyses of selected samples were followed by exposure to FSLs and TC. After completion of aging protocols, measurements and analyses were repeated to obtain the Ra1 (post-treatment surface roughness), and change in surface roughness (∆Ra1-0) was then calculated. Subsequently, initial color measurement of the samples was conducted using a spectrophotometer, followed by immersion of the samples in a coffee solution for 24 hours. Color measurements were repeated, and color change (∆E) was calculated. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare Ra0 and Ra1 values and one-way ANOVA for comparing ∆Ra and ∆E values. Tukey and post hoc tests were employed for pairwise comparisons. The significance level was set at α=.05. Results: While the surface roughness of bulk-fill composites was affected by the protocols applied (p&amp;lt;0.05), conventional composites generally remained unaffected. Bulk-fill composites exhibited greater ΔRa and ∆E values. The highest ∆Ra and ∆E values were observed in the Beautifil Bulk Restorative group, with the greatest discoloration seen after immersion in citric acid. Conclusions: Thermal cycling and immersion in FSLs affect surface roughness and color stability of composite resins depending on the content and structure of the composites.

Perbandingan Kekerasan Permukaan Resin Komposit Nanofiller Setelah Perendaman Dalam Obat Kumur Beralkohol Dan Non Alkohol

Tooth decay is a major problem for dental and oral health in the surrounding environment. Process Degenerative diseases that start in the enamel and spread to the dentin are part of a disease known as dental caries. Composite resin is a material used for restorations. One of the mechanical properties of nanofiller composite resin, namely surface hardness, can affect the durability of composite resin. The cause that can affect the surface hardness of the composite is the use of mouthwash. Mouthwash, both alcoholic and non-alcoholic, can help maintain healthy teeth and mouth. The aim of this research was to determine the comparison of the surface hardness of nanofiller composite resin after immersion in alcoholic and non-alcoholic mouthwash. Materials and methods used are Experimental Laboratories with the Post-test With Control Group Design research design used. A total of 30 nanofiller composite resin samples were soaked for 24 hours in three different groups, namely group I which received distilled water as a control, group II which received mouthwash with 21.6% alcohol, and group III which received mouthwash without 0% alcohol. The Vickers hardness test is the test method used. The results of this research are that the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann Whitney U follow-up test show that the surface hardness comparison is not significant for the nanofiller composite resin in the distilled water and alcohol mouthwash groups, namely (p-value&gt; 0.05), and the surface hardness comparison is significant. on nanofiller composite resin occurred in the alcoholic and non-alcoholic mouthwash immersion group (p-value &lt;0.05). Conclusion: There is a comparison of the immersion surface hardness of alcoholic and non-alcoholic mouthwash in nanofiller composite resin. Soaking alcoholic mouthwash causes the surface hardness value to be very low.

Effect of Coffee and Polishing Systems on the Color Change of a Conventional Resin Composite Repaired by Universal Resin Composites: An In Vitro Study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color stability of repaired aesthetic restorative resin matrix materials after immersion in coffee and the effect of polishing systems after staining. One hundred and eighty cylindrical discs (8 mm × 2 mm) were prepared using a conventional nano-fill resin composite (Clearfil Majesty Esthetic A2 shade) with round cavities (3 × 1 mm). Cavities were repaired by three resin composite materials: Clearfil Majesty Esthetic A2 shade, one-shaded nano-fill resin composite (Omnichroma) and group-shaded nano-hybrid resin composite (Optishade, medium shade). Each group was polished with three polishing systems (n = 20); aluminum oxide (Soflex Spiral Wheels, 3M ESPE), silicon carbide (Occlubrush, Kerr, CA, USA) and diamond particulate (Twist Dia Spiral Wheels, Kuraray, Okayama, Japan). Color change (ΔE00) measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer at the baseline. Half of the polished samples were either kept in distilled water or immersed in coffee for 15 days, and color measurements were repeated before and after polishing. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Repaired samples showed different color correspondence values in all groups. All three restorative materials showed significant color changes (ΔE00) after immersion in coffee (p ≤ 0.05). Repolishing of stained samples showed color improvement values in all groups. The content of the polishing system played an important role in removing the stains.

The effect of imposing apple (Malussylvestris Mill) juice on discoloration of nanofiller and nanohybrid composites

Composite resin can undergo discolouration if exposed to dyes. The use of apples can whiten teeth because they contain ma-lic acid. True experiment research with pretest-posttest with control group design using 24 samples divided into 6 treatments, namely sample groups 1 and 2 (nanofiller and nanohybrid composite groups that have been discoloured soaked in apple fruit juice (Malus sylvestris Mill) 80% concentration, groups 3 and 4 (negative control group, discoloured nanofiller and nanohy-brid composites soaked in distilled water) and groups 5 and 6 (positive control group, discoloured nanofiller and nanohybrid composites soaked in 10% carbamide peroxide). The colour change was determined with a shade guide (Vitapan Classical). The results were normally distributed and homogeneous. One-way Anova test showed there was a significant difference in each group. In the independent t-test, there was a significant difference in colour change between nanofiller and nanohybrid composite resins that experienced discoloration in 80% apple juice immersion. It was concluded that nanofiller composite resin had lower discolouration compared to nanohybrid.

Color changes of nanofiller composite resin after glycerin application immersed in turmeric extract

Background: Nanofiller composite resin has good mechanical strength also used for restoration that require aesthetics. However, resin composites can experience discoloration resulting in extrinsic or intrinsic factors. To produce perfect polymerization, glycerin can be used as an air-inhibition coating to prevent the formation of Oxygen-Inhibited Layer resulting in a more stable over discoloration. Purpose: To knowing the color change due to the application of glycerin on nanofiller composite resin immersed in turmeric extract solution. Method: It is a laboratory experimental study with a Pre-Test-Post-Test Control Group Design using 28 samples of 3M ESPE Filtek 350XT nanofiller composite resin divided into 4 groups, namely the group with glycerin application and without glycerin application which were soaked in turmeric extract with and saline for 4 days. The color changes were measured using a CHNSpec CS-10 colorimeter before and after immersion. Results: Nanofiller composite resin with turmeric extract immersion without glycerin application had an average discoloration of 90.97 + 23.26 while with glycerin application it had a lower average of 84.37 + 9.24. On the results of the independent sample t-test with a significant level of 5%, it has a value of p = 0.506 &gt; 0.05. Conclusion: Composite resin with glycerin application experienced less color change than composite resin without glycerin application in turmeric extract immersion, but statistically not significant.

Effects of in-office bleaching agents on polished and unpolished nanofilled resin composite

BackgroundThis study investigates the effects of in-office bleaching agents on the color change and surface roughness of nanofilled resin composite finished by various polishing procedures. MethodsThe authors made 108 specimens from nanofilled resin composite, and the finishing and polishing procedures were performed with either Sof-Lex (3M ESPE) or OneGloss (Shofu). The specimens were then immersed in tea or coffee solution for 1 week, after which in-office bleaching agents were applied (n = 9). After polishing and bleaching, the surface roughness was measured with a surface profilometer. The specimen color parameters were measured with the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage L∗a∗b∗ system in 3 stages, namely after polishing, after staining, and at the end of the bleaching procedure. The total color changes (ΔEab∗) were calculated, and ΔEab∗ not exceeding 2.7 was considered a clinically acceptable threshold. ResultsThe highest initial roughness value was observed on surfaces polished with OneGloss. In all groups, the surface roughness increased significantly after bleaching. For the Sof-Lex group specimens stained in both tea and coffee solutions, bleaching agent Opalescence Boost (Ultradent) reduced the color change value to 2.7 or less after bleaching. ConclusionsIn-office bleaching agents increased surface roughness in all groups, especially on unpolished surfaces. However, surface roughness was at an acceptable threshold for the multistep polished group, Sof-Lex, after bleaching. Nanofilled resin composite staining can be partially reduced by in-office bleaching agents but not completely removed. Practical ImplicationsTo reduce the increase in surface roughness of composite restorations due to bleaching, polishing should be applied before and after bleaching.

Effect of lightcuring duration on color change of nanofiller composite resin on red grape juice immersion

Background: One of the aesthetic issues in the use of composite resin is the color change. The study aims to compare the color changes of nanofiller composite resin before and after immersion in red grape juice with different curing durations. Method: This study involved 18 round composite resins with a diameter of 12 mm and a thickness of 2 mm. The sample was divided into three groups (n=6); group A was cured for 20 seconds, group B for 30 seconds, and group C for 40 seconds. After curing, the samples were immersed in artificial saliva at 37°C for 24 hours before being measured by UV-vis spectrophotometer. The three groups were immersed in red grape juice for three days and the final color was measured. Data were analyzed using One Way Anova and Post Hoc LSD. Result: The One Way Anova test showed a significance value of 0.000, meaning (p &lt; 0.05) it was said that there was a significant difference in each group followed by a post hoc LSD test on composite resin cured for 20 seconds against 30 seconds. second group and 40 seconds to get a significant difference Conclusion: Longer curing duration can defend nanofiller composite resin against discoloration due to the consumption of grape juice.