Nano-barium Titanate Research Articles

Effect of raw material concentration on the morphology of nano-barium titanate ribbon-like fibers synthesized by hydrothermal

Effect of raw material concentration on the morphology of nano-barium titanate ribbon-like fibers synthesized by hydrothermal

Exploration of the Preparation and Characterization of Nano Barium Titanate and Its Application in Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Teaching

Exploration of the Preparation and Characterization of Nano Barium Titanate and Its Application in Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Teaching

Electrospun nano-barium titanate/polycaprolactone composite coatings on titanium and Ti13Nb13Zr alloy

Using coated implant materials has been demonstrated to enhance bone regeneration and expedite healing around implant sites significantly. Generally, employing a polymeric matrix reinforced with ceramic materials has been considered a promising composite material for the coating of implants. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of mixing varying concentrations of nano-barium titanate (nanoBaTiO3) (9, 18, and 36 wt%) to polycaprolactone (PCL) (18 wt%) on the properties of coatings applied to commercially pure titanium (CpTi) and Ti13Nb13Zr alloys implant materials. The electrospinning technique was utilised to fabricate the coatings, and the samples were characterised using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to investigate the composite coating’s surface roughness and topography; the incorporation of a high amount of BaTiO3 resulted in increased roughness of the coating layer on CpTi and Ti13Nb13Zr alloys (69.78 nm and 96.88 nm, respectively). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to investigate the surface morphology; the fibre diameters of BT/PCL composite were 80 to 534 nm for different mixture concentrations. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) verified the chemical bonds in the composite coating. Results indicated that increasing the proportion of nano-barium titanate in the coating composition reduced water contact angles and enhanced the adhesion strength of the composite coating to the substrate. These findings provide valuable information for developing new coating materials to promote the growth of new bone and accelerate healing around implants.

Dielectric and mechanical properties of polycaprolactone/nano-barium titanate piezoelectric composites

ABSTRACT Dielectric property is a crucial characteristic of electronic materials and piezoelectric materials. In this study, the piezoelectric composites of polycaprolactone mixed with nano-barium titanate were fabricated. The nano-barium titanate was modified by biosurfactant lecithin to disperse well in the polycaprolactone matrix. The dielectric property of this composite was supplied. In particular, the dielectric constant of the composites was calculated by different theoretic models. The experimental data confirmed that the rotating ellipsoidal theoretical model is suitable for polycaprolactone/nano-barium titanate composites. The composites have weak piezoelectric properties because of the nano-barium titanate addition. It is noteworthy that the flexural strength is improved by two times. The mechanism of the improvement was analysed. The composite has potential applications in the field of flexible and degradable wearable electronics.

Ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of cold pressed polyvinyledene fluoride/barium titanate nano-composites

The ferroelectric and piezoelectric behaviour of a composite polymer ferroelectric (PF) based on ferroelectric polymer [polyvinyledene fluoride (PVDF)] and nano barium titanate (n-BaTiO3) with different volume fractions of n-BaTiO3 (f BaTiO3), prepared through the novel cold pressing method, is investigated. The ferroelectric parameters increase up to f BaTiO3 = 0.30, attributed to spherulites of PVDF, the increase of n-BaTiO3 and the ordered structure due to cold pressing. The clustering of n-BaTiO3 is responsible for randomisation of the structures of PF above 0.30, leading to a decrease in electrical polarisations, while dielectric properties increase linearly due to the increase of interfaces and piezoelectricity remains constant beyond 0.20.

Synthesis and characterization of barium titanate/polyacrylonitrile nanocomposite for electrochemical sensing of doxorubicin

A microwave (MW) assisted process was evolved to synthesize a series of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) through 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiated free radical in situ polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) in presence of nanobariumtitanate (NBT). The reaction conditions were optimized and microwave power ranging 25 to 100 W over 10 min was found to be most suited for the synthesis of PNCs. Synthesis of PNCs has been ascertained through UV–vis, FTIR spectroscopy and microstructure were investigated through XRD and AFM. TG-DTA-DTG proclaims that PNCs acquire lower moisture content and higher heat resistance as compared to polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The synthesized PNCs have been applied as sensing material to develop electrochemical probe for detection of doxorubicin (DOX). The presence of DOX (0.01%, w/v) in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 has shown a remarkable increase in the peak current at PNCs modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Cyclic voltammetric (CV) studies proof good acceptance of nanocomposites as sensing material for anti cancerous drug DOX.

The influence of titanate coupling agent on the performance of barium titanate/PMMA denture base nanocomposites after SBF storage

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/nanobarium titanate (NBT) composite has potential application in denture base materials. The denture base materials should be stable in the wet environment and exhibit good mechanical properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of titanate coupling agent (TCA) on NBT behavior after soaking in the simulated body fluid (SBF) and to determine the effect of SBF exposure on fracture toughness of the PMMA nanocomposites. Silanated (Si-NBT), titanated (Ti-NBT), and pure NBT (Un-NBT) at 5% concentration (by mass) were incorporated in the PMMA matrix. NBT was sonicated in MMA prior to mixing with PMMA. SBF absorption, solubility, and leaching were measured, and fracture toughness of the PMMA nanocomposites was evaluated after soaking. The results showed that Titanated samples displayed lower SBF absorption capability and solubility values than the silanated ones. Moreover, the leachability of filler elements (Ba and Ti) was substantially reduced by titanation (54% and 61%, respectively), whereas the Si-NBT/PMMA revealed values of 12.3% and 7% respectively. Significant differences in fracture toughness were observed among the tested samples after 6 weeks of aging in SBF ( p < 0.05). Although no notable changes in the KIC of pure PMMA and Un-NBT/PMMA samples were detected, KIC was improved by 20% after titanation. In addition, the fracture toughness of the titanated samples was higher than that of the silanated ones by 26%. In conclusion, TCA exhibited better stability in moisture than silane. Degradation resistance to moisture obtained with titanated NBT could lead to the promotion of clinical longevity of the composites.

Effects of nanobarium titanate on physical and mechanical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) denture base nanocomposites

The aim of this study was to (1) fabricate polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) nanocomposites having better mechanical strength, (2) investigate the effects of nanobarium titanate (NBT) loadings (1–9 wt%) on tensile and flexural properties, and (3) evaluate surface roughness and hardness of the PMMA nanocomposites. The NBT was treated using a titanate coupling agent. Density, polymerization shrinkage (PS), surface roughness, and hardness were investigated. Tensile and flexural properties of PMMA nanocomposites were also evaluated. The roughness values of PMMA nanocomposites were significantly lower than those values proposed as a reference for clinical use (<200 nm). Moreover, the flexural modulus of the NBT/PMMA nanocomposites increased with increasing filler loadings. A remarkable increase in the tensile modulus values of filled PMMA was also observed ( p < 0.001). In the case of higher filler content, tensile modulus remains unaffected by filler incorporation. The tensile and flexural strength improved with increasing concentration of NBT up to 5 wt% and then decreased by an additional amount of NBT introduced into the nanocomposite resin. However, the tensile and flexural strength values of NBT/PMMA nanocomposites were higher than the PMMA matrix ( p < 0.001). Such enhancements obtained with titanate-treated NBT could lead to the promotion of the dental composites’ longevity.

Use of high temperature X‐ray diffraction and pair distribution function for the study of carbonation characteristics of Barium Titanate at nanoscale

Barium titanate (BT) is extensively used in electronic industries for its high dielectric constant. However, the dielectric properties of BT significantly change due to carbonation at nanoscale. Commercially available tetragonal BT powder was milled to study the local atomic distribution and phase transformation behaviour with temperature. Nano BT powder was prepared by the high energy ball milling (90 h) from its bulk counterpart. It was carbonated when it was exposed to open atmosphere. The milled BT sample was characterised by high temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD), pair distribution function (PDF) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Local atomic distribution was obtained from PDF analysis. The peak due to C–O and Ba–C pair distance were observed from PDF for 90 h milled carbonated BT. TEM analysis revealed that particle diameter was in the range of 15–50 nm. How the phase of nano BT ceramics transformed with temperature was strudied. It was observed that orthorhombic BT transformed into tetragonal and cubic phase via the monoclinic phase during heating at 900°C. Coexistence of multi phases of BT was also observed from HT-XRD. BaCO3 disappeared at high temperature.

Effective enhancement of dielectric properties in cold-pressed polyvinyledene fluoride/barium titanate nanocomposites

The dielectric behaviour of a polymer/ceramic composite (PCC) based on ferroelectric polymer [polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)] and nano-barium titanate (n-BaTiO3), prepared under the novel cold pressing method, was investigated. Large enhancement of effective dielectric constant (ɛeff ~ 450) with lower loss tangent (tan δ ~ 0.9) at 50 Hz was observed for the PCC with 0.60 as the volume fraction of n-BaTiO3 into the PVDF matrix. The enhancement of ɛeff is attributed to the large interfacial polarisation arising due to the charge storage at the interfaces of the spherulites of PVDF and at the polymer/filler interfaces of PCC. The dielectric results have been explained on the basis of sum effect with the help of the standard Yamada model at 1 kHz, while the low-frequency dielectric behaviour has been explained qualitatively as a combination of both interfacial polarisation at the interfaces of the spherulites and the sum effect of the Yamada model. The achieved lower tan δ for the PCC as compared to the polymer/metal composites (PMC) is attributed to the highly insulating nature of PVDF and semiconducting n-BaTiO3. The thermal stability of the composites is also maintained due to the higher melting temperature (170 °C) of PVDF. The cold-pressed PCC based on PVDF will act as better polymer dielectric for electrical energy storage applications as compared to the reported cold-pressed PMC and the cold pressing may be an effective method of preparation (since the unnecessary introduction of thermal disorder is avoided in this method) in developing polymer dielectrics.

Investigation of Antimicrobial activity of CTAB assisted hydrothermally derived Nano BaTiO3

In spite of demonstrated application of nano barium titanate (BaTiO3) in biomedical applications, its antibacterial/fungal activity and biocompatibility studies are hitherto unexplored. Present work reports synthesis, characterization and assessment of antimicrobial and hemolytic activity of nano BaTiO3, owing to their potential futuristic biomedical applications. Nano BaTiO3 is prepared by surfactant (Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) assisted hydrothermal synthesis and is characterized by various analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Morphology of the as synthesized nano BaTiO3 is cubic in nature. Based on the characterization techniques, nano BaTiO3 synthesised using 15 mM CTAB (15-CBT) were considered for antimicrobial activity against various multidrug-resistant pathogens. Good inhibition activity was observed against C. albicans with MIC value of 0.37 mg ml−1 and MFC of 0.75 mg ml−1. C. albicans treated with 10 mg of 15-CBT showed only 30% cell viability. The anticandidal mechanism of nano BaTiO3 against C. albicans was attributed to decrease in ergosterol biosynthesis leading to cell death. Further, only 3% hemolytic activity on human blood RBCs was observed at 0.2 mg ml−1 of 15-CBT. The anticandidal activity and hemolytic activity of the synthesised nano BaTiO3 is systematically investigated and reported.

Secondary dispersion of BaTiO3 for the enhanced mechanical properties of the Poly (arylene ether nitrile)-based composite laminates

Secondary dispersion of the nano barium titanate (BaTiO3) was performed to obtain the fiber-reinforced polyarylene ether nitrile-based (PEN) composite laminates with improved mechanical properties. BaTiO3/PEN composite films were prepared via casting with ultrasonic dispersion, and then the glass fiber-reinforced (GF) composite laminates were obtained by the hot-melting method, which were favored to realize the secondary dispersion of the BaTiO3 nanoparticles. The fracture surface of the BaTiO3/PEN films and BaTiO3/PEN/GF composite laminates investigated by SEM showed that the BaTiO3 dispersed homogenously both in the PEN matrix and the gaps between the fibers. The mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of the laminates were characterized and results indicated that the nano-BaTiO3 particles and fibers show enhanced synergistic effects. That is, with increasing the BaTiO3 content, the flexural strength and modulus of the composite laminates increased correspondingly, as well as the glass transition temperatures. Additionally, with the introduction of nano-BaTiO3 particles, the dielectric constants (>5.5 at 1 kHz) of the composite laminates were improved obviously and the low dielectric loss (˂0.02 at 1 kHz) was maintained. The temperatures at weight loss 5% (T5%) of all the composite laminates with various content of BaTiO3 were over 490 °C both in N2 and air atomosphere. Good dielectric properties and outstanding thermo-mechanical properties would enable the PEN-based fiber-reinforced composite laminates as the candidates in the material fields of structure-functional integrations.

Design and Construction of Capacitors with the Use of Nano-Barium Titanate’s (BaTiO3) Composite Materials

The basic idea of this work, from the beginning of the laboratory work till now, is to develop innovative polymer composite materials using nanoparticles that can polarize in such a way that electrical energy can be stored. A number of thermosetting polymers have been laboratory-polymerized and then mixed with barium titanate nanoparticles, in order to develop new polymer nanocomposites. Barium titanate is a well-known dielectric material, which is used in sensors and actuators as it is a piezoelectric and ferroelectric material. In this work, we examine the storage capability between different types of such composites by creating passive filters.

Enhanced dielectric properties through using mixed fillers consisting of nano-barium titanate/nickel hydroxide for polyvinylidene fluoride based composites

The dispersion of nano-barium titanate(NBT) in polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) is one of the key issues in dielectric composites. Various NBT surface modification strategies which suffer from complex process and small-scale production have been reported. Herein, in-situ synthesized three-dimensional Ni(OH)2 is introduced to improve NBT dispersion in PVDF. During hydrothermal reaction, NBT aggregates are dispersed on the petals of in-situ grown Ni(OH)2 crystals as small aggregates. The three-dimensional structure of Ni(OH)2 can act as physical barrier to prohibit secondary agglomeration in PVDF to allow rather uniform NBT dispersion. Meanwhile, these hydroxyl groups on Ni(OH)2 ensures good interaction between filler and PVDF, and trigger β crystals. Comparing with NBT/PVDF containing the same amount of filler(2.5 wt%), the breakdown strength and maximum energy density containing mixed filler increases 14% and 70%, reach 282.6 KV/mm and 6.13 J cm−3, respectively. This study provides a new approach to uniformly disperse nanofillers in polymer for enhanced dielectric properties.

Studies on the effects of titanate and silane coupling agents on the performance of poly (methyl methacrylate)/barium titanate denture base nanocomposites

ObjectivesThis study aimed to fabricate and characterise silanated and titanated nanobarium titanate (NBT) filled poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) denture base composites and to evaluate the behaviour of a titanate coupling agent (TCA) as an alternative coupling agent to silane. The effect of filler surface modification on fracture toughness was also studied. MethodsSilanated, titanated and pure NBT at 5% were incorporated in PMMA matrix. Neat PMMA matrix served as a control. NBT was sonicated in MMA prior to mixing with the PMMA. Curing was carried out using a water bath at 75°C for 1.5h and then at 100°C for 30min. NBT was characterised via Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis before and after surface modification. The porosity and fracture toughness of the PMMA nanocomposites (n=6, for each formulation and test) were also evaluated. ResultsNBT was successfully functionalised by the coupling agents. The TCA exhibited the lowest percentage of porosity (0.09%), whereas silane revealed 0.53% porosity. Statistically significant differences in fracture toughness were observed among the fracture toughness values of the tested samples (p<0.05). While the fracture toughness of untreated samples was reduced by 8%, an enhancement of 25% was achieved after titanation. In addition, the fracture toughness of the titanated samples was higher than the silanated ones by 10%. ConclusionFormation of a monolayer on the surface of TCA enhanced the NBT dispersion, however agglomeration of silanated NBT was observed due to insufficient coverage of NBT surface. Such behaviour led to reducing the porosity level and improving fracture toughness of titanated NBT/PMMA composites. Thus, TCA seemed to be more effective than silane. Clinical significanceMinimising the porosity level could have the potential to reduce fungus growth on denture base resin to be hygienically accepTable Such enhancements obtained with Ti-NBT could lead to promotion of the composites’ longevity.

Synthesis of Nano-Barium Titanate and Application for Strontium Adsorption from Aqueous Solution

Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) nanostructures are synthesized by the molten salt-hydroxide reaction. The crystalline phase and chemical structure of the synthesized material are analyzed using powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) and FT-IR techniques, revealing the tetragonal BaTiO3 crystalline structure. Morphology and thermal stability of the material are characterized using TEM and TG-DTG analysis. BET surface area analysis shows significant active surface available for adsorption and its surface area value is found to be 14.8427 m2 g-1. The maximum adsorption of strontium metal is found to be 56.3 for the 1.2 g L-1 BaTiO3 adsorbent dose which reveals a remarkable separation property of the BaTiO3.

Effect of nano-BaTiO3 on thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of HDDA/TPA photopolymer prepared by a digital light processor RP machine

Abstract The acrylate-based photopolymer consists of tetra-functional polyester acrylate (TPA), and hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) has been successfully composited with nano barium titanate (BaTiO3) and completely cured via a digital light processor RP machine. The degradation temperature, tensile strength, hardness, resistivity, and dielectric constant of samples were characterized by Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer Hi-Res TGA2950, Universal Tensile Machine JIA701, Hardness Shore D tester, Fluke 117 multimeter, and Agilent B1500A Semiconductor Device Analyzer, respectively. The morphology changes of the samples were also investigated using the JEOL JSM-6390LV scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the improvement of degradation temperature is not obvious. Furthermore, the modulus elasticity, hardness, and dielectric constant increase as the filler loading increases up to 2 phr, but the resistivity is vice versa. Interestingly, there is an inverse correlation between dielectric constant and resistivity of photopolymer/BaTiO3 nanocomposite.

Size-dependent ecotoxicity of barium titanate particles: the case of Chlorella vulgaris green algae.

Studies have been demonstrating that smaller particles can lead to unexpected and diverse ecotoxicological effects when compared to those caused by the bulk material. In this study, the chemical composition, size and shape, state of dispersion, and surface's charge, area and physicochemistry of micro (BT MP) and nano barium titanate (BT NP) were determined. Green algae Chlorella vulgaris grown in Bold's Basal (BB) medium or Seine River water (SRW) was used as biological indicator to assess their aquatic toxicology. Responses such as growth inhibition, cell viability, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, adenosine-5-triphosphate (ATP) content and photosynthetic activity were evaluated. Tetragonal BT (~170nm, 3.24m(2)g(-1) surface area) and cubic BT (~60nm, 16.60m(2)g(-1)) particles were negative, poorly dispersed, and readily aggregated. BT has a statistically significant effect on C. vulgaris growth since the lower concentration tested (1ppm), what seems to be mediated by induced oxidative stress caused by the particles (increased SOD activity and decreased photosynthetic efficiency and intracellular ATP content). The toxic effects were more pronounced when the algae was grown in SRW. Size does not seem to be an issue influencing the toxicity in BT particles toxicity since micro- and nano-particles produced significant effects on algae growth.

Preparation and properties of BaTiO3 filled butyl rubber composites for flexible electronic circuit applications

Butyl rubber–micron barium titanate (BR/BT) and butyl rubber–nano barium titanate (BR/nBT) composites were prepared by sigma mixing followed by hot pressing. The tensile tests show that both the composites were mechanically flexible. The microwave dielectric properties of both BR/BT and BR/nBT composites were investigated as a function of ceramic loading and were found to be improved with filler content. The butyl rubber has a relative permittivity (er) of 2.4 and loss tangent (tan δ) of 0.0017 at 5 GHz. At a filler loading of 0.24 volume fraction (vf) of micron sized barium titanate (BaTiO3) powder loading, the composite attained a er of 7 and tan δ of 0.014 and for the same filler content of nano BaTiO3 the composite have er of 8.9 and tan δ of 0.019 at 5 GHz. The thermal and mechanical properties of both the composites were investigated. The experimental values of er of both BR/BT and BR/nBT composites for different volume fractions were compared with theoretical models.

Studies on crystallinity of PEEK/PEK/BT nanocomposites by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique and crystallinity effect on mechanical properties

In the present study, the mechanical and thermal properties of the nanocomposites of optimised poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) and poly(ether ketone) (PEK) blend incorporated with nano-barium titanate (nano-BT) were investigated. The optimised blend was based on the mechanical and thermal properties of PEEK and PEK in the ratio of 80∶20. Nanoparticles were incorporated into the optimised blend with the help of a twin screw extruder. The concentration of nano-BT was varied from 2 to 6 wt-%. The crystallinity of the nanocomposites was calculated using differential scanning calorimetry method. With the increase in the nanosized BT concentrations, the tensile strength, tensile modulus and impact strength increased while the elongation at break and crystallinity decreased. The crystallinity of the nanocomposites influenced the elongation at break. Morphological studies were carried out using SEM. The nanocomposites were evaluated using the theoretical predictive model known as ‘Pukanszky model’ applicable to the tensile strength of the nanocomposites.