Names Of Medicinal Plants Research Articles

Cannabidiol finds dihydrocannabidiol as its twin in anti-inflammatory activities and the mechanism

Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe hemp (cataloged at the “Medicinal Plant Names Services” as Cannabis sativa L.) extracts, cannabinoids have been used for centuries in Southeast Asia as folk medicines and now authorized by about 50 countries for application in medicine, health care products and cosmetics. As the most consumed cannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD) has been recognized due to its various bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Aims of the studyThe utilization of CBD is limited due to its potential conversion to psychoactive Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in strong acidic environment, demanding to excavate safer alternatives with clarified bioactivities. Yet the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties of CBD still remain unknown, in both of the performances and the corresponding mechanisms. Previously, a synthetic CBD analogue, H2CBD (Dihydrocannabidiol) was found to be effective as CBD does towards some antioxidantive activities and mouse seizure mitigation. Therefore, it is wondering if H2CBD also acted similarly as CBD does in the aspect of anti-inflammatory performance and mechanism, and the safety. Material and methodsThe anti-inflammatory properties of CBD and H2CBD were revealed with enzymatic assays, proteins denaturation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW264.7 cells model, with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as the positive control. Their anti-inflammatory mechanism was revealed with ELISA and Western blot assay. The antibacterial properties of CBD and H2CBD were also investigated towards E. faecalis and B. cereus along with their synergistic effect with commercial antibiotics. ResultsCBD and H2CBD exhibited almost same (P > 0.05) performance in all the assayed anti-inflammatory properties, yet their anti-inflammatory efficiencies positively correlated to their antioxidantive activity. Moreover, both of CBD and H2CBD presented anti-inflammation to LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells through NF-κB and AKT pathway. Furthermore, CBD and H2CBD also supplied strong and very similar (P > 0.05) antibacterial activities, comparable to tetracycline in same dose and strength. The erythrocyte hemolytic assay indicates CBD and H2CBD possessing the same safety. All the combinations of H2CBD with other cannabinoids or antibiotics present no antagonism against the bacteria, but nice synergistic or additive effect in some cases. ConclusionCBD and H2CBD presented very similarly in all the assayed anti-inflammatory performances, undergoing same inflammatory mechanism with NF-κB and AKT pathway; they also expressed similar antibacterial activity, like twins. These findings will supply CBD a sustainable, safer and economic alternative with same excellent performances.

Outdated latin names of medicinal plants in the monographs of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, XIV edition (review)

Introduction. The State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, XIV-th edition (SP XIV), includes 107 monographs devoted to medicinal plant materials. The purpose of the study was to identify incorrect Latin names of medicinal plants in the monographs of the XIV edition, study the officially accepted Latin names and taxonomic position of medicinal plants in accordance with the contemporary system of flowering plants, and justify the need to make changes in subsequent editions of the pharmacopoeia.Text. 44 cases of incorrect Latin names were found. This is explained by the fact that when developing new pharmacopoeia monographs, either Latin names historically established in Russian pharmacognosy were used, or names that were legal at the time of the last edition of the Pharmacopoeia. The bulk of nomenclatural changes are associated with the adoption of the new APG system of flowering plants, based on molecular genetic data. The paper contains lists of plants for which the State Pharmacopoeia XIV contains an incorrect name of the genus, species, family or author, indicating the correct name, as well as comments on the rules of modern botanical nomenclature.Conclusion. In connection with the prospects for processing monographs on medicinal plant raw materials for the State Pharmacopoeia XV-th edition, as well as the EAEU Pharmacopoeia, the harmonization of the nomenclature of pharmacopoeial plants with modern international requirements becomes especially relevant.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PLANT TERMINOSPHERE IN UZBEK, FRENCH AND LATIN LANGUAGES

Since the beginning of human learning, he strives for perfection and tries to pass on his knowledge to the next generation. Future generations have further developed the science of their ancestors, so we are living in a life where science and technology have progressed like today. Today, we are witnessing growth and development in the field of pharmaceuticals, as in all other fields. In pharmacies, the demand for medicines made from natural herbs is increasing. Training of mature specialists in this field is the demand of the times. In the following article, we tried to explain the names of medicinal plants in Latin, Uzbek and French languages, their components and methods of faster acquisition of Latin terms.

Semantic motivation of Sanskrit names of Indian medicinal plants

The present paper deals with semantic study of Sanskrit names of Indian medicinal plants. These names are selected with the focus on motivation feature based on functional property of a plant. The motivational characteristics are primarily attributed to healing properties of certain species. The analysis reveals the relation between the folk name and human cognitive activities. The medicinal properties of the plants have been verified by the reports of botanical and pharmacological scholars.

Ethnobotanical study of traditional medicinal plants used by the local Gamo people in Boreda Abaya District, Gamo Zone, southern Ethiopia

BackgroundMedicinal plants have been used for centuries and are still relied upon by over 80% of the Ethiopian population. The people of Gamo, southern Ethiopia, have a rich cultural and traditional lifestyle with a long history of using plant resources for various uses including traditional herbal medicine. However, their traditional knowledge of traditional medicinal plants in Boreda Abaya District has not been explored Ethnobotanically yet, despite preserving diverse indigenous traditional medicinal plants. Hence, the study aimed to document and analyze traditional medicinal plants and associated traditional knowledge and practices used by local people.Materials and methodsQuantitative ethnobotanical data were collected via semi-structured interviews, face-to-face conversations, group discussions, and guided field trips between September 2022 and February 2023. In total, 92 informants participated, of which 25 were key informants. Quantitative data indices (informant consensus factor—ICF—and use report—Ur) were computed by MS Excel spreadsheet software. Scientific names of medicinal plants were checked via World Flora Online.ResultsIn the present study, we recorded 188 traditional medicinal plant species belonging to 163 genera and 73 plant families. Lamiaceae (16 species), Asteraceae (16 species), Fabaceae (11 species), and Euphorbiaceae (8 species) contributed highest number of species and were found to be predominant family in the area. Leaves and seeds were most frequently used plant parts, and pounding (46%) was the main method to prepare remedies. The sudden sickness disease category scored the highest consensus (ICF: 0.35), followed by blood and circulatory-related disease categories (ICF: 0.33). The highest number of plant taxa (61 species) used to treat dermal disease has a 71-use report score, while fewer plant taxa (21 species) were utilized to treat genitourinary system-related disease category, having 25 use reports. Ocimum lamiifolium (Ur:56) and Moringa stenopetala (Ur:51) are widely used species and received highest use report value.ConclusionGamo people possess extensive traditional knowledge of ethnomedicine. The region's vegetation hosts diverse medicinal species, but deforestation, agriculture, and droughts threaten them. Local conservation practices require scientific support, prioritizing species having higher use reports (Ur), and in-depth investigations of promising species for drug development are essential.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ КОЛОРИЗМОВ В МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИИ

In medical terminology, the designation of color plays an important role. The relevance of the authors' research is determined by their interest in the problems associated with the theoretical and practical study of colorisms and their uses in the language of medicine.
 The purpose of the presented research is to study colorisms in medical terminology in the semantic aspect.
 The material for the study was colorisms in the names of symptoms, organs and their parts included in medical encyclopedic dictionaries and reference books.
 This article reflects the functioning of colorisms in medical terminology: in the categories of various diseases, skin color, names of blood cells, appearance of the patient, body characteristics, names of medicinal plants and substances.

THE ESSENCE OF ONOMASIOLOGICAL BASES AND THEIR TYPES IN PHYTONYMIC LEXICON

The article presents the results of the onomasiological analysis of the names of medicinal plants or phytonyms. The research is based on the ternary onomasiological model, which includes a basis, feature, and predicate. Emphasis is placed on the basis zone and two bases: a person and an artefact. The research shows that the basis zone includes four varieties of the basis: a suffix, an exocentric compound word, a so-called split basis, and a meaningful word. Lexical bases designate not only the plant itself and its part, but also other things, which are examples of indirect designation.

The Future Is in the Younger Generations: Baka Children in Southeast Cameroon Have Extensive Knowledge on Medicinal Plants

AbstractIn the context of global change, understanding the knowledge and values given to plants is crucial for choosing relevant approaches towards a more sustainable future. Children are central holders of ethnobotanical knowledge, yet they are still under-considered in ethnobotany. Our study explored the medicinal knowledge of children of the Baka, forager-horticulturalists from Cameroon. We assessed the diversity of medicinal plants they know, the different ailments treated, and whether they could name complete herbal recipes. Using a mixed-methods approach, we combined ex situ interviews (freelisting and knowledge surveys) with in situ methods (walk-in-the-woods trips with voucher collection) with 106 children from 5 to 16 years old. They listed 128 local names of medicinal plants, which we linked to 126 different plant species. While the ex situ and in situ methods had some overlap in the diversity of medicinal plants reported, they also revealed substantial knowledge unique to each method. Our insights provide further evidence of children’s considerable ethnobotanical knowledge and the extent to which different field methods can retrieve such knowledge. We discuss the methodological tools to be developed with and for children to put childhood at the center stage of ethnobotanical approaches for the future.

A Critical Analysis of the Malay Translation of Medicinal Plants in Kitab al-Tibb of Sahih Al-Bukhari

Lately, prophetic medicine has gained noticeable attention as many researches have shed light on its benefits. However, the attention received is limited to widely known plants. This study believes that translation is supposed to be a powerful medium to achieve the acquaintance with medicinal plants in hadith. Therefore, it decides to delve into the Malaysian Malay translation of Kitāb al-Ṭibb of Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhāriy, named “Terjemahan Sahih Al-Bukhari”, specifically in the Kitab Perubatan. This study employs a qualitative methodology through document analysis on the meant translation, specifically on names of medicinal plants and nomenclatures. Then, to fill any gap of comprehensibility in the translation, this study employs contextual analysis to provide their correct identification. This study assesses the comprehensibility of the translation for the names. Therefore, it manages to achieve its main objective in filling the gap of comprehensibility traced through the translation. Ultimately, this study finds in the Kitāb al-Ṭibb 3 names of medicinal plants and 4 nomenclatures encapsulate a number of medicinal plants. As for the translation for 3 names of the plants; 1 of them is correct, 1 is acceptable and 1 is incorrect. Meanwhile, the translation for nomenclatures; 1 of them is written in transliteration form, 2 are inexact, and 1 is incorrect. Predictably, there is gap in the translation. However, this study manages to identify a total of 8 medicinal plants mentioned in the Kitāb al-Ṭibb. This study recommends a deeper exploration of the medicinal plants in texts of hadith, including those bound in archaic words.

Investigating the Usage of Medicinal Plants and Herbal Products in Aceh to Address COVID-19 Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Medicinal plants have been used worldwide as supportive therapy in reducing symptoms of various diseases, including COVID-19 symptoms. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of medicinal plants and herbal products in respondents who experienced symptoms of COVID-19 in Aceh, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 384 respondents from the age group over 18 years old residing in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Data was collected via an online questionnaire consisting of 4 structured questions to assess the types and names of medicinal plants, the time of use, and the purpose of using medicinal plants. The results showed that nearly half of the study population (181 respondents) consumed medicinal plants and commercial products, mainly for the reason to enhance their immunity (49.7%), followed by to overcome the COVID-19 symptoms (26.7%). Amongst all medicinal remedies mentioned in this study, Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) are the most widely used, which were consumed by 65.5% of medicinal plant and herbal products users. The other medicinal plant chosen by the study population were lemon (Citrus lemon), Java Ginger/temulawak (Curcuma zanthorrhiza), and Habbatus sauda (Nigella sativa). Although the majority of the respondents had used the herbal remedies prior contracting COVID-19 symptoms (45.5%), a third of the respondents consumed traditional medicine during the symptomatic period only (less than two weeks). This study has demonstrated the characteristics of the consumption of medicinal plants and their commercial products in Aceh, during the occurrence of COVID-19 symptoms in the study population.

Training processes in the naming of medicinal plants in the Shipibo people

The objective of this research was to describe the names of medicinal plants in the Shipibo-Konibo language to establish the bases for the elaboration of a book that describes the use of plants from the Peruvian Amazon in the traditional medicine of such a tide that it is possible to demonstrate the relationship that exists between those names and the cultural vision of the Shipibo-Konibo people. Twenty-two Shipibo phytonyms were analyzed, and selected by convenience sampling, considering similar morphological structures and mainly medicinal uses. It was concluded that phytonyms could be simple or compound. The simple names originated thanks to borrowings from other languages in contact and the Shipibo worldview. In the case of compound names, the use of ‘rao’ and ‘jihui’ is constant in most of the names analyzed and distinguishes between plants whose use is medicinal (rao) and those that fulfill other purposes (jihui).

Philological study of Sanskrit names of Medicinal plants

The present investigation is a kind of philological study which traces genesis and development of Sanskrit names of plants. Each name in Sanskrit referred to plant gives their true Indian appellation. The heritability of these names is amazing. The real meaning of the word is deciphered to find out rationale behind these names.

Lexicological characteristics of the names of medicinal plants in the Uyghur language

This article explains the lexical features of the names of medicinal plants in the Uighur language. The structure of the names of medicinal plants, one or more components, semantic meaning, syntactic relations of names, the degree of use in Uyghur medicine, the position of terms in linguistic layers, the positive aspects of the names of medicinal plants for the development of Uyghur science are analyzed.

Inventarisasi Tumbuhan Berkhasiat Obat Sebagai Kandidat Elemen lansekap di Area Terdampak Inisiasi Bandara Kediri di Desa Bulusari

The initiation of the Kediri airport has had a direct impact on the availability of space in Bulusari village. Bulusari Village has a variety of medicinal plants which are still widely used by the community in their daily lives. However, the initiation of Kediri Airport has reduced the ecosystem space for medicinal plants. Conservation efforts need to be made to protect endemic species that can be synergized with the existence of Kediri Airport through the cultivation of medicinal plants as landscape elements. Inventory is the first step in conserving the diversity of medicinal plants in Bulusari village. The purpose of this study to conduct an inventory of medicinal plants that can be used as landscape elements in areas affected by the initiation of Kediri Airport in Bulusari Village. The method used is literature study, survey, observation and identification of medicinal plant names. Determination of the research location was done by purposive random sampling. Observations were made at three types of locations, namely telajakan, gardens and fields. Each sampling plot has an area of ​​10 x 10 m2. The inventory is focused on medicinal plants that just grow in nature or are not directly cultivated by humans. The results showed that there are 45 species of medicinal plants that have the potential as landscape elements with details of the functions as follows; 1) sunscreen, 2) pollutant absorber 3) privacy barrier, 4) wall, 5) space builder, 6) animal habitat, 7) erosion control, 8) aesthetic value, 9) physical barrier to movement of organisms and 10) ground cover.

Kamus Digital Tanaman Obat Menggunakan Algoritme Knuth Morris Pratt Berbasis Mobile

Digital dictionary of medicinal plants a collection of applications a collection of names of medicinal plants. This application was developed to make it easier for users to access the use of medicinal plants based on keywords, names of common diseases such as asthma, diarrhea, fever, headache, diabetes, and so on. The obstacle in using the digital dictionary application of medicinal plants is that it is difficult to find exact information on drug searches, because the vocabulary in producing several other items is not necessarily the same as what is being sought. This study uses the Knuth Morris Pratt (KMP) algorithm search technique on a digital dictionary of medicinal plants by matching keywords as input with strings between text and patterns. This study aims to develop previous research on a digital dictionary of medicinal plants using a mobile-based Rocchio algorithm that searches medicinal plant data by querying proximity in a database that has weaknesses in words that have the same meaning with different words, using another search technique, namely KMP. is expected to get optimal results on search results based on the keyword name of the disease. The test results with 30 keywords on 640 medicinal plant data resulted in a precision value of 92.4, accuracy and recall of 100%.

Establishment of a Digital Database for Traditional Herbal Medicines in Kenya

Traditional complementary and alternative medicine (TCAM) is widely used and accepted worldwide. In Africa, the use of TCAM is increasing, with a few countries having developed digital databases for their traditional medicines. Lack of such databases has led to the tendency of researchers and herbalists to return to nature in search of new drugs. However, going back to nature searching for TCAM is a challenge because most herbalists are less educated and are advanced in age to continuously and accurately provide information on medicinal plants. These pose a risk of forever losing the rich ethnomedical knowledge, hence, the need to develop a freely accessible, national digital database with medicinal plants. Creating such a comprehensive digital database will involve collecting necessary data through theses, online research articles, and published books. The database will contain vital information on botanical and vernacular names of medicinal plants in Kenya, parts of plants used to treat diseases, therapeutic uses, the phytochemical compounds, toxicity, and the target proteins/genes. Kenya, therefore, needs to develop a national, freely accessible digital database for its medicinal plants. The database will provide vital information on TCAM for health workers, scientists, herbalists, policy-makers, and educators in Kenya and worldwide to hasten drug discovery and development.

Народная этимология наименований целебных трав в Тешинской Силизии: очерк современного состояния

Folk etymology is an interesting source of the information for understanding the world view by users of the language. It can be assumed that the conception of nomination, e.g. the names of medical plants would follow the changes in the society. The questionnaire survey conducted across three generations of contemporary users of the regional dialect in 13 villages all over the Těšín Silesia explored active and passive knowledge of dialectic names of the medical plants and their etymology. The survey has shown that contemporary speakers of the language are no longer aware of mythological justification in those names. They find motivation for naming mainly in the effect or use of the herb, or in its external resemblance to objects or animals, etc. Today's inhabitants of the whole Těšín Silesia region are already largely free from the traditional mythological perception of the world. If they know it, they perceive it with great reserve as part of an outdated tradition, but no longer as a valid part of reality they experience. We find that the active and passive knowledge of folk names of medicinal plants, as well as the mythological background associated with formerly commonly used names, was irretrievably lost in Těšín Silesia under the influence of education, lifestyle changes, industrialization, and urbanization of the environment during the 20th century.

Ethnobotany of medicinal plants in the dayak limbai tribe

The use of medicinal plants by the Dayak Limbai tribe has been going on for a long time, it's just that knowledge related to the use of plants as medicinal ingredients has not been well documented. The aims of this study are 1) to identify plant species that have the potential as medicinal ingredients; 2) describe the part of the medicinal plant used; 3) describe how to use plants as medicine by the Dayak Limbai people. This research was conducted with a qualitative descriptive approach. The data collected consisted of the diversity of medicinal plants (local names of medicinal plants, scientific names of medicinal plants, medicinal plant families, parts used, and their utilization). Data collection using structured interview sheets. Data analysis using content analysis. The results obtained as many as 82 types of plants used to treat 64 types of diseases. The most widely used plant species by the Dayak Limbai people are from the Zingiberaceae family.

SuperTCM: A biocultural database combining biological pathways and historical linguistic data of Chinese Materia Medica for drug development

Aim of the studyBotanicals used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) are a rich source for drug discovery and provide models for multi-component drug development. To facilitate the studies of the actions of TCM drugs and expand their applications, a comprehensive database is urgently required. MethodsOne online resource connects all the relevant data from multiple scientific sources and languages. Drug information from published TCM databases and the official Chinese Pharmacopoeia as well as specialized meta-websites such as Kew’s Medicinal Plant Names Service was integrated on a higher level. ResultsOur database, SuperTCM, covers the aspects of TCM derived from medicinal plants, encompassing pharmacological recipes up to chemical compounds. It provides the information for 6516 TCM drugs (or “herbs”) with 5372 botanical species, 55,772 active ingredients against 543 targets in 254 KEGG pathways associated with 8634 diseases. SuperTCM is freely available at http://tcm.charite.de/supertcm.

Лексико-семантический анализ лексемы балтырған (с использованием материалов корпуса башкирского языка)

Identification of names of plant curatives and substances in folk and fiction texts shows close interactions between man and the world, attitudes of people towards nature. Research in phytonyms and medicinal plant names proper is most essential for the understanding of a nation’s cultural heritage. The paper examines the lexeme балтырған in Bashkir discourse. Materials. The analyzed materials include linguistic dictionaries, folklore and fiction texts of the Machine Fund of the Bashkir Language, and etymological dictionaries of Altaic languages. Goals. The study aims at a comparative investigation of the lexeme балтырған ‘hogweed’. Results. The term proves a widespread phytonym in Bashkir discourse, which is attested by that it denotes a wide range of plant species in Bashkir and has parallels in other Turkic and Mongolic languages. The lexeme is included in academic, explanatory, dialectal, phrasal, and mythological dictionaries of the Bashkir language. The comparative analysis shows that baltyrγan ‘hogweed’ usually denotes a plant of the order Apiales, a medicinal herb. Baltyrγan~ baltirγana contains the initial bal / baltïr / baldïr with the meaning ‘green, young, fresh’.