Name Creation Research Articles

Snyre for your nasal congestion: Using phonesthemes to imbue non‐word brand names with meaning

AbstractA brand name is a fundamental component of a brand's identity. This research introduces a novel linguistic tool for brand name creation: phonesthemes—sound and spelling letter clusters that are associated with one dominant meaning. For instance, sn, one of over 140 phonesthemes in English, consistently appears in words related to the nose or breathing (sneeze, sniff, snort). Six experiments reveal positive effects of phonesthemic non‐word brand names (e.g., Glif; gl‐; e.g., glow, glimmer; meaning “light”) on consumer preference, attitude, purchase intent, and choice when the dominant meaning activated by the phonestheme is semantically congruent with the product category or product attribute (e.g., luminant car wax), due to enhanced processing fluency. Phonological (sound) and orthographic (spelling) priming are eliminated as alternative explanations for the phenomenon. This research advances psycholinguistic research in marketing and the emerging area of brand linguistics by broadening the focus beyond brand name phonology.

Стратегічний інструментарій формування та позиціонування бренду на міжнародних ринках

The modern market is filled with a variety of products to suit every taste. Behind each of these products is present a certain organization that is trying to promote its product into the deeper market. So in order to promote your product, you need to understand the difference between a trademark and a brand, a brand and branding, etc. From a legal point of view, a brand is a unique trademark that is subject to patent protection. In accordance with the consumer (psychological) approach, a brand is understood as the impressions that the buyer has of an almost elusive vibe associated with a product. The concept of a brand combines a list of conceptions, unique solutions, feelings of perception, and value properties associated with a product or service of a particular organization. In order for a company’s product to become a brand, it needs to be formed. Brand formation is a complex and time-consuming process that includes market analysis, positioning, logo and name creation, and the development of a plan for further brand improvement and modernization. However, despite that the brand formation is one holistic process that includes positioning, it can be presented as a separate process. After all, positioning accompanies all stages of brand formation, since any missed or unaccounted-for detail of this process creates a brand’s inconsistency with the criteria of the market in which it is represented. Brand positioning is, on the one hand, the definition of its market position, its difference from competitors, and, on the other hand, the definition of its place in the minds of consumers. Before you are in the hands of the consumer, you first need to be in his head. Therefore, positioning can be defined as a figurative shell, a way to broadcast brand ideas using various means and techniques. Positioning should be felt at every point of contact between the brand and the consumer: in the name, visual image, advertising campaigns, social networks. It is also necessary to pay attention to the matter that an important principle of brand formation and positioning is its socialization, which is aimed at reducing the harmful impact of goods/services on the environment, ensuring compliance of production processes with quality norms and standards. From such a standpoint, organizational and managerial techniques, methodologies, methods of market actions, development of a brand platform, naming are strategic instruments for the effective implementation of the formation and positioning of a brand in world markets.

Guidance for creating individual and batch latinized binomial virus species names.

The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses recently adopted, and is gradually implementing, a binomial naming format for virus species. Although full Latinization of these names remains optional, a standardized nomenclature based on Latinized binomials has the advantage of comparability with all other biological taxonomies. As a language without living native speakers, Latin is more culturally neutral than many contemporary languages, and words built from Latin roots are already widely used in the language of science across the world. Conversion of established species names to Latinized binomials or creation of Latinized binomials de novo may seem daunting, but the rules for name creation are straightforward and can be implemented in a formulaic manner. Here, we describe approaches, strategies and steps for creating Latinized binomials for virus species without prior knowledge of Latin. We also discuss a novel approach to the automated generation of large batches of novel genus and species names. Importantly, conversion to a binomial format does not affect virus names, many of which are created from local languages.

The Process of Creating a New Brand Name for a Fruit Variety: A Review and Suggested Improvements

In an effort to protect intellectual property beyond patent and plant breeders’ rights and as a marketing tool to increase and maintain sales, the creation and trademarking of brand names for fruit is growing and gaining importance in the fruit industry. New fruit varietals, especially from long-lived tree fruits and vines, take many years of research to develop and bring to market. Differentiating what is essentially a commodity product is difficult, especially given bulk sales and packaging limitations. A distinctive brand name can be a powerful method of differentiating a new fruit from its competitors. To the best of our knowledge there has not been any study examining the process of brand name creation for fruits. This English language literature review examines the brand name creation process overall. A step-by-step process is discussed and situated in the context of fruits. Research on the overall process is dated: We propose a new preliminary research step to improve the process and discuss the need for future research on the role of the Internet and social media in the naming process. An overview of trademark considerations is provided. Knowledge of this process will assist breeders and marketers with brand name creation whether achieved internally or through an external agency or combination thereof.

Фирменные наименования, образованные с использованием английских заимствованных компонентов, в торговле и бизнесе (коммерсонимы) г. Тюмени

The aim of the research under consideration is to identify the regional peculiarities of formation and functioning of Tyumen City proprietary names of businesses (commersonyms) with borrowed elements. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the analysis of the identified commersonyms, their formal and functional characteristics, the degree of decoding of the embedded information; determining the centres of geographical attraction of such units and the reasons for their localization. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the pragmatic value of a commersonym with borrowed components is determined by the ability of recipients to decode the information encoded in the proprietary name semantics at the stage of name creation.

Uzasadnienia nazwotwórcze mikrotoponimów w perspektywie etnolingwistycznej

The main purpose of this article is an attempt to analyse the justifications of microtoponyms regarding name creation and ethnolinguistics. The research material contains over 1000 geographical names with different kind of data (e.g. information concerning semantic motivations). These geographical names were collected from 2011 to 2017 during informal conversations with the oldest- and middle-generation inhabitants of Wręczyca Wielka in the Klobuck poviat.
 Name-creation justifications of microtoponyms contain not only data concerning semantic motivations, but also extensive cultural contexts which elucidate the function of designated objects at village space. The information gained from the respondents shows a naïve method of interpreting non-linguistic reality, typical for microcommunity members. Furthermore, considering the form and way of communication, small assumptions regarding the respondents can be made.

The Role of Communicative Strategy and Tactics in Name Creation

The addressee predetermines which communicative strategy to choose for the addressee to achieve the communicative goal, and accordingly performs verbal actions. This aspect is also important when creating a name. This article provides information on the linguistics of name formation, the role of communicative strategies and tactics in the formation of names, the main trends in name formation in the Uzbek language. In addition, recommendations were made on the technological mechanisms of name creation. On the example of the Uzbek language, models for creating names specific to national languages have been developed.

The Main Directions of Naming Model

Each language has its own linguistic laws of name creation. Regardless of the field in which Naming technology works as a type of activity, its main goal in linguistics is to develop linguistic norms for the creation of a specific language-specific name. Every name, developed in accordance with linguistic norms, should help trade, production facilities, products to be competitive in the market, to develop, gain fame and spread widely. This article analyzes a number of requirements and criteria for name creation in linguistics, developed by Neimer-practitioners, and analyzes the models of name creation in the Uzbek language.

ПАРФУМЕРНО-КОСМЕТИЧНИЙ НОМІНАТИВНИЙ РЕГІСТР ЯК ВІДОБРАЖЕННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ СТРАТИФІКАЦІЇ

The article deals with the perfume and cosmetic naming register investigation in the aspect of its function as a source of lexical units used for further formation of naming units. The objects of this research are basic naming components that are distinguished within the structure of naming complexes represented in perfume and cosmetic goods. The naming integrated complex which represents the perfume and cosmetic name consists of four nominative components functioning in the mutual correlation. The initial position is connected with the A-brand component, the second position correlates with the B-basic component, the third one is the C-generic name component and the last is the D-functional-descriptive component. The leading position belongs to the B-component as a bearer of the basic name representing the corresponding item on the consumer goods market. The market segment correlates with consumers' social and economic status mutually. The market segment net functions as a factor indicating and underlying social stratification in the perfume and cosmetic naming space. The goods names that belong to the natural language according to the source of their origin are divided into two substantial groups (names of onym origin, names of appellative origin). The first group is formed involving transonymisation, the second one includes onymisation and is divided into various lexico-semantic groups. The involvement of anthroponym and toponym registers for creating perfume names is based on the basic knowledge of the recipients. The appellative naming register is an inexhaustible source for inventing perfume names. The differentiation of the naming register in its appellative part led to the separation of nine lexico-grammatic groups. Borrowings create the third source of perfume names. The fourth source of perfume and cosmetic names comprises artificially created words. If the perfume and cosmetic naming integrated complex consists of four components, the perfume and cosmetic naming register consists of four groups as well. These groups were distinguished according to the ways of name creation. The social stratification is reflected in the register in various ways. The first is an extralinguistic one according to three market segments. This way correlates with the A-brand component. The second is a linguistic way and correlates with the B-basic component. The linguistic way of social stratification is divided into explicit and implicit.

APPROBATION OF THE NAMING'S TECHNOLOGY IN THE CREATION OF THE OFFICIAL CITY TOPONYMY

The article is devoted to the possibilities of using rational naming technology to create new urban toponyms. The author describes the features of the stages of name creation for urban locations. The data of creative experiment on the development of toponyms using improved naming technology are presented.

Introduction to the Symposium: Improving access to hidden scientific data in the Biodiversity Heritage Library

This will be a short introduction to the symposium: Improving access to hidden scientific data in the Biodiversity Heritage Library. The symposium will present examples of how the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) collaborates across the international consortium and with community partners around the world to help enhance access to the biodiversity literature. Literature repositories, particularly the BHL collections, have been recognized as critical to the global scientific community. A diverse global user community propels BHL and BHL users to develop access tools beyond the standard “title, author, subject” search. BHL utilizes the Global Names Recognition and Discovery (GNRD) service to identify taxonomic names within text rendered by Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software, enabling scientific name searches and creation of species-specific bibliographies, critical to systematics research. In this symposium, we will hear from international partners and creative users making data from the BHL globally accessible for the kinds of larger-scale analysis enabled by BHL’s full-text search capabilities and Application Program Interface (API) protocols. In addition to taxonomic name services already incorporated in BHL, the consortium has also begun exploring georeferencing strategies for better searching and potential connections with key biodiversity resources such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). With many different institutions around the world participating, the ability to work together virtually is critical for a seamless end product that meets the demands of the international community as well as the needs of local institutions.

ANTROPONYMIKON IN THE POETRY OF YE. MALANYUK’S: SEMANTIC AND STYLISTIC ASPECTS

Functional and stylistic peculiarities of the anthroponyms of Ye. Malaniuk’s poetry are investigated, their role in expressing the basic idea, in particular the specificity of anthroponyms usage in Ye. Malaniuk’s poetry is described, their contextual and functional text-forming essence is established, and functional and stylistic features are revealed, the situations of application of models against the background of the era and genre are analyzed. The influence of onims on the perception of images by the reader is investigated, the peculiarities of the poet's idiolect through the prism of proper names are determined. The use of anthroponyms has been found to create associative connections that extend the space of poetry, help the writer to express himself more fully and to connect with the reader. The anthroponymic material describes individual author’s features of name creation and use, describing their role in expressing the main idea. Anthroponyms, which are constituent elements of artistic text, represent the specificity of a work of verbal art as a system. Ye. Malaniuk’s works are a valuable treasure of Ukrainian culture in which onims are its integral parts. It is revealed that anthroponyms form and represent in a complex their own onim space in literary and artistic work and in all creative achievements of the artist. The state historiophysical concept defined the organization of Ye. Malaniuk’s texts at all studied levels. The anthroponymicon used by the writer is organized into the following thematic groups: artists, historical figures, mythological and biblical characters, literary characters, contemporaries, and the author's anthroponyms. The studied units represent significant national and cultural components and at the same time fulfil an artistic and evaluative function in the vast majority of its texts. Literary anthroponyms, along with other means, generate intellectualism as one of the specific feature of individual author’s handwriting. A systematic analysis of onim Ye. Malanyuk’s poetics and understanding of the language as an integral science is a contribution to extensive works on the literary onomastics.

Polskie egzonimy z obszaru Litwy, Łotwy i Estonii w okresie od XIV do XVIII wieku

Polish exonyms from the Baltic countries are morphologically and phonetically adapted from earlier Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian names. They were often adapted from intermediate German or Russian versions. A German toponymic element is rather prominent, especially in the current Latvian territory, where there were once many German settlements. It has left a linguistic imprint both in older (16th–18th c.) Latvian versions of place names, and in Polish exonyms (since Latvia’s independence, official Latvian place names are purely Latvian in form). Place names adapted from the German language do not differ from other names adapted to Polish territory, as shown by the appropriation of the German suffix -burg as -bork. The cited data shows that Lithuanian place names were morphologically adapted to fit Polish inflexion. Phonetically, the most noticeable change is the replacement of the Lithuanian letter a with the Polish letter o, as well as the omission of the end letter s in the names Kaũnas and Kriãvas. It is noteworthy that after this change occurred in the name Kaũnas, it came to be perceived as a name with the suffix -no, common in Polish toponyms. The same goes for the replacement of the letter a by the letter o in the name Wilno. Another example of changes made during name creation can be seen in the name Derpt in Estonian territory, which was extended with the suffix -sko: Derpsko/Derbsko. Intermediate Russian forms can clearly be seen in the adaptation process of the place names Merecz (Lit. Merkys), and Wiłkomierz (Rus. Wołkomir, Lit. Wilkmergė). The emergence of the Old Ruthenian name Kieś of Latvian origin alongside the German name Wenden (in Latvian territory) is a completely isolated circumstance. Other specifics on the phonetical changes that occur during the adaptation of Lithuanian place names into Polish are discussed in a text by J. Otrębski, who argues that they involve the adjustment of Lithuanian vocalisms to Polish vowels.

Socioonomastika - lze ji vymezit jako samostatnou disciplínu?

This study is focused on scholarship on proper names within a sociolinguistic framework. The main aim of this study is to clarify the term socio-onomastics and its meaning and usage with regards to toponomastics. Special attention is paid to the genesis of socio-onomastics and to the relations between sociolinguistics, onomastics and socio-onomastics. The influence of social aspects on the act of naming and on the entire existence of names is also taken into consideration when discussing the use of socio-onomastics. The text discusses views and attitudes towards the topic presented in linguistic literature. The socio-onomastic aspects are predominantly studied in scholarship on personal names, e.g. name creation and choice. In the case of place names, they are studied more rarely and the research pays attention mostly to the usage of place names in communication. Available toponomastic and anthroponomastic works using the term socio-onomastics in their description have been analyzed, as well as theoretical onomastic literature, producing several findings of differences in the usage of this term. The main topics of socio-antroponomastic literature are anthroponymy of various social groups, social aspects of name choice, social aspects of the development of naming systems, popularity of names, nicknames, hypocorisms and slang naming. The socio-toponomastic works mainly deal with the toponymy of various social groups, toponymic competence (knowledge and usage of toponyms), non-standardized toponyms, slang toponyms, social-based toponyms (commemorative toponyms), social-based renaming, and the linguistic landscape.

Imię Cz(ś)cibor w polskiej antroponimii i toponimii

The article demonstrates the chronological continuity of the two-component name Cz(ś)cibor and its variants in the Polish language, as well as their productivity in surname and geographical name creation. The frequency, geography, and structure of proper names (anthroponyms and name-derived toponyms), and in the case of oikonyms, renominations, were taken into account. The anthroponymic and toponymic material quoted in the article indirectly points at the geography of the name variant Cibor, which has to be considered a typically Mazovian form. The oldest medieval oikonyms created from the derivatives of the name Cz(ś)cibor mainly identify objects located in the northern part of the historical Mazovia and in Silesia. In Mazovia, ancestral names with the phonetic variant Cibor as their base are more numerous, while in the southern regions we note patronymic names based on the onym Ścibor.

Will it Fly? How to Test Your Next Business Idea so You Don’t Waste Your Time and Money

Pat Flynn Will it Fly? How to Test Your Next Business Idea so You Don't Waste Your Time and Money Flynn Industries, LLC (2016) $15.25 (paperback), 335 pagesWILL IT FLY? HOW TO Test Your Next Business Idea so You Don't Waste Your Time and Money, is an intriguing paperback think book for aspiring entrepreneurs. This book is widely accessible, using common language, rather than terminology familiar to business or entrepreneurship students, graduates, or researchers. The practical hands-on approach provides a manageable to-do list for the reader to vet their business idea(s) before making a substantial investment in a full business launch, whether via or money. The author, Pat Flynn, is the founder of Smart Passive Income, a website devoted to assisting others in building successful internet-based businesses. His work has been featured in Forbes and the New York Times. Additional information on the author can be found at http://smartpassiveincome.com/about.Organizationally, the book features 19 chapters organized into five parts. It also comes with an invitation to access the free online companion course, which is a series of short videos and supplementary content to complement the chapters of the book. The font size, line spacing, and use of screen shot images of websites or software programs, propel the reader quickly through the book and make it an easy read. However, it is likely that the read will go as quickly as the espoused 3½ hours mentioned in the Foreword for most readers, especially if the to complete the series of tests is included in the commitment calculation.The author uses flight analogies to guide the content of the book and engages the reader early on with a personal anecdote of teaching his son to make a paper airplane. Similar to the endeavor of building a flight-worthy paper airplane, the author explains the process of testing one's business idea(s) preflight. In that vein, the author subjects the reader to a series of which actually are tests, in terms of comprehension, but instead are thought activities that serve as a feasibility analysis.In Part one (Chapters 1 through 5), the author guides the reader to first use a variety of visioning exercises to determine what type of business would be most feasible for that individual to pursue. By building an awareness of the consideration of fit between the entrepreneur and the business endeavor itself, the author aims to steer the entrepreneur away from investing in a business that fails to align with an individual's passions or long-term life vision. In other words, the author first focuses the nascent entrepreneur on the question of, how well does this business idea align with my own personal goals and passions?Part two (Chapters 6 through 9) guide the nascent entrepreneur through a series of exercises aimed at developing a well-articulated business idea. The underlying assumption of this section is that the aspiring entrepreneur will waste time with pursuits of business name creation, building websites and branding before dealing with the transition of their seed idea to a detailed business which is not always fun, and definitely easy or fast (Flynn, 2016, p. 107). The goals of this section seem to align with the section of a business model or business plan that describes the product or service and can serve as the basis for an elevator pitch; however, it has yet been refined by any sort of industry or market analysis-considerations that come into play in Part three. …

Model checking Petri nets with names using data-centric dynamic systems

Abstract Petri nets with name creation and management ( ν -PNs) have been recently introduced as an expressive model for dynamic (distributed) systems, whose dynamics are determined not only by how tokens flow in the system, but also by the pure names they carry. On the one hand, this extension makes the resulting nets strictly more expressive than P/T nets: they can be exploited to capture a plethora of interesting systems, such as distributed systems enriched with channels and name passing, service interaction with correlation mechanisms, and resource-constrained workflow nets that explicitly account for process instances. On the other hand, fundamental properties like coverability, termination and boundedness are decidable for ν -PNs. In this work, we go one step beyond the verification of such general properties, and provide decidability and undecidability results of model checking ν -PNs against variants of first-order μ -calculus, recently proposed in the area of data-aware process analysis. While this model checking problem is undecidable in the general case, decidability can be obtained by considering different forms of boundedness, which still give raise to an infinite-state transition system. We then ground our framework to tackle the problem of soundness checking over workflow nets enriched with explicit process instances and resources. Notably, our decidability results are obtained via a translation to data-centric dynamic systems, a recently devised framework for the formal specification and verification of data-aware business processes working over full-fledged relational databases with constraints. In this light, our results contribute to the cross-fertilization between the area of formal methods for concurrent systems and that of foundations of data-aware processes, which has not been extensively investigated so far.

Petri nets with name creation for transient secure association

Transient secure association has been widely accepted as a possible alternative to traditional authentication in the context of Ubiquitous Computing. Two components in a distributed system with transient secure association may share a master-slave relationship, which creates a hierarchical but dynamic structure of components. In this paper we develop several formal models for distributed systems with transient secure association, with incremental expressive power, all based on Petri nets. The first model, that we call transient secure association (TSA) systems, considers finitely many components. Then we consider a small extension of TSA systems, in which slaves are initialized whenever a master-slave relation is broken. Last, we define unbounded TSA (uTSA) systems, for which the number of components is not bounded. For each of the defined formalisms, we establish a link to a known class of Petri nets, thus inheriting the corresponding (un)decidability results from them.

Dynamic Noncooperative Group Formation with Size Advantage and Group Reputation

We analyze a noncooperative dynamic game of group formation with group reputation. It is inspired by observations of adoption patterns in some retail markets. Firms are partitioned into name groups, or affiliation networks, in each period. In a group, all firms share the same group reputation among consumers. After a failed firm exits, an entrant firm chooses which name to adopt or to create a new name. There is no cost of choosing any name, but group size and history matter. Existing firms cannot change names nor prevent an entrant from joining their group, and thus the name choice at the time of entry is a long-term choice.Consumers observe only failure events and not firm actions. Every period there is a small turnover of consumers and newcomers do not have information about group histories. If firm groups have the same record to a consumer, larger groups are much more attractive than smaller groups, which we model as following Lanchester's Square Law (Lanchester, 1916).Empirical patterns show synergy effects: entrants tend to choose one of the existing names, and particularly the biggest untainted name. Second biggest group is not chosen when the biggest group is untainted.We found that, in customer-efficient equilibria, where firm failures are rare because all firms make effort constantly, new name creation does not occur when there is an untainted name group to join. However, a universal name group (that all firms have the same name) is not an absorbing state. Eventually there is a failure and after that a creation of a new name occurs. These are consistent with the empirical patterns. The dynamic process of group structure is recurrent among two name groups and a universal name group, in our stationary size market.

Relating computational effects by ⊤⊤-lifting

We consider the problem of establishing a relationship between two interpretations of base type terms of a λc-calculus extended with algebraic operations. We show that the given relationship holds if it satisfies a set of natural conditions. We apply this result to 1) comparing two monadic semantics related by a strong monad morphism, and 2) comparing two monadic semantics of fresh name creation: Starkʼs new name creation monad and the global counter monad. We also consider the same problem, relating semantics of computational effects, in the presence of recursive functions. We apply this additional by extending the previous monad morphism comparison result to the recursive case.