NaCl Concentrations In Irrigation Water Research Articles

Effect of NaCl concentrations in irrigation water on growth and antioxidant enzymes activities of Atriplex canescens

Effect of NaCl concentrations in irrigation water on growth and antioxidant enzymes activities of Atriplex canescens

Plant beneficial rhizospheric microorganisms (PBRMs) mitigate deleterious effects of salinity in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.): Physio-biochemical properties, fatty acids composition and secondary metabolites content

Salinity is serious environmental stress that highly affects the quantity and quality of herbal products. In this study a pot experiment was carried out in greenhouse to investigate the interactive effects of Azospirillum lipoferum and Piriformospora indica on growth attributes and secondary metabolites production of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under saline condition. The applied microorganisms raised the ability of sesame in absorption of essential nutrients. The highest concentration of N (24.33 and 39.65 mg g−1 DW in shoot and root, respectively), K (23.13 and 18.74 mg g−1 DW in shoot and root, respectively) and P (11.08 and 13.70 mg g−1 DW in shoot and root, respectively) were observed in co-inoculated plants under non-stress condition. The results showed that increasing NaCl concentration in irrigation water (from 0 to 120 mM), significantly disordered the absorption and distribution of water and minerals. In addition, salt-induced reactive oxygen species lead to oxidative damage of sesame plants, consequently, 3.29 and 1.87 fold increases were observed in the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage (EL), respectively. During salt stress, activity of protective enzymes and amount of non-enzymatic antioxidants were dramatically raised. This study showed that inoculation of sesame with PBRMs can provide salt-tolerance by changing in physio-biochemical responses. Under saline condition, inoculation with Al and Pi resulted an enhancement of relative water content (up to 20%), maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) (up to 25%), antioxidant enzyme activity, nutrient absorption, proline (36–65%) and secondary metabolite contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity (18–22%) and linoleic acid. Conversely, the amount of MDA (up to 35%), EL (up to 23%), Na+ (up to 66 and 59% in shoot and root, respectively) as well as oleic/linoleic acids ratio were significantly decreased via microbial treatments. However, combined inoculation (Al + Pi) was generally more effective in alleviation of salinity deleterious effects than individual inoculation.

Effect of Sodium Chloride and Manganese in Irrigation Water on Cotton Growth

Core Ideas Cotton vegetative growth tends to be highest when both NaCl and Mn concentrations in irrigation water were low. In contrast, the cotton reproductive growth parameters were higher for elevated NaCl and Mn concentrations in irrigation water.There was an antagonistic relationship for the combined effect of NaCl and Mn on cotton growth and yield.Na content in cotton leaves generally increased as NaCl concentration in irrigation water increased. However, the excess Mn concentration in irrigation water inhibited the absorption of Na.The ratios of K/Na and Ca/Na in the cotton plant generally decreased as NaCl concentration in irrigation water increased.Using saline water for irrigation carefully may produce adequate cotton yield as the micronutrients in saline water can alleviate the salt damage. Brackish water is used widely for agriculture around the world. The elevated NaCl and Mn content in brackish water can impose toxicity stress on crops, including cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). However, there have been no previous studies of the combined effects of NaCl and Mn on cotton growth. This study presents greenhouse pot experiments with 30 different NaCl and Mn conditions. The results show that the cotton vegetative growth tends to be highest when both NaCl and Mn concentrations in irrigation water were low. In contrast, the cotton reproductive growth parameters were higher for elevated NaCl and Mn concentrations in irrigation water. There was an antagonistic relationship for the combined effect of NaCl and Mn on cotton growth and yield. The Mn content in cotton leaves increased with increasing Mn concentration in the 4.5–72 µmmol L−1 range when the NaCl concentration was low. Na content in cotton leaves generally increased as NaCl concentration in irrigation water increased. However, the excess Mn concentration in irrigation water inhibited the absorption of Na. The ratios of K/Na and Ca/Na in the cotton plant generally decreased as NaCl concentration in irrigation water increased. This led to lower tolerance of cotton plants to NaCl stress. The antagonistic characteristics between NaCl and specific trace elements for cotton growth and yield indicated that the micronutrients in saline water can alleviate salt damage. This suggests that using saline water for irrigation carefully may produce adequate cotton yield with lower quality water while minimizing soil salinization.

Répercussion de la polyploïdie artificielle sur la tolérance au stress salin chez Trigonella foenum-graecum L en Tunisie

Salinity is a global problem that limits crop production, especially on irrigated area in the world. The artificially induced polyploidy could make Trigonella foenum-graecum more tolerant to the salinity increase provoked by irrigation. The objective of this study was to compare salt stress tolerance of the induced autotetraploids, the diploids resulting from treated plants and the control diploids of Trigonella foenum-graecum. Morphological descriptors of these cytotypes, irrigated with water of 25, 50 and 100 mM of NaCl concentrations, was evaluated. The three cytotypes manifested a decrease of morphological characters measured values with the increase of NaCl concentration in irrigation water. Autotetraploid cytotype presented significant increases of these values compared to parent cytotype for the majority of studied characters. It seems more tolerant to NaCl salinity than its diploid parent.

Effect of NaCl concentrations in irrigation water on growth and polyamine metabolism in two citrus rootstocks with different levels of salinity tolerance

Six-months-old, uniform sized seedlings of two citrus rootstocks; Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tan) and Troyer citrange (Poncirus trifoliata × Citrus sinensis) were irrigated with half-strength Hoagland nutrient solution containing 0, 40 or 80 mM NaCl for 12 weeks. Shoot height, leaf number and fresh weights of the seedlings, and relative chlorophyll contents, chlorophyll fluorescence yields (Fv/Fm), net photosynthetic and respiration rates in the leaves decreased with the increase in salinity level in the irrigation water. The decrease was greater in Troyer citrange as compared to Cleopatra mandarin. The concentrations of sugars i.e. fructose, glucose and sucrose in the leaves of Cleopatra mandarin and both leaves and roots of Troyer citrange decreased with the increase in salinity level. However, the concentrations in the roots of Cleopatra mandarin increased with the increase in salinity level. Free proline content in the leaves of Troyer citrange and root tissue of Cleopatra mandarin also increased with the increased salinity level. Among the polyamines, spermine titer increased in the leaves of both rootstocks as a response to salinity treatments. Na+ concentrations were higher in leaf and root tissue of Cleopatra mandarin, while that of Cl− were higher in Troyer citrange.

Modeling the Relationship between Water Uptake by Cucumber and NaCl Accumulation in a Closed Hydroponic System

In a completely closed hydroponic system, Na and Cl commonly accumulate in the root zone, at rates depending on the concentration of NaCl in the irrigation water (rate of Na and Cl inlet) and the Na to water and Cl to water ratios at which they are taken up by the plants (rates of Na and Cl outlet). However, while the concentration of NaCl in the irrigation water is commonly a constant, the Na to water and Cl to water uptake ratios are variables depending on the concentrations of Na and Cl in the root zone and, hence, on the rates of their accumulation. To quantify this feed-back relationship, a differential equation was established, relating the rate of Na (or Cl) accumulation to the rate of water uptake. This equation was solved according to the classical Runge-Kutta numerical method using data originating from a cucumber experiment, which was conducted in a fully automated, closed-loop hydroponic installation. Four different NaCl concentrations in the irrigation water, 0.8, 5, 10 and 15 mm, were applied as experimental treatments. The theoretically calculated curves followed a convex pattern, with an initially rapid increase of the Na and Cl concentrations in the root zone and a gradual leveling out as the cumulative water consumption was rising. This was ascribed to the gradual approaching of the Na to water and Cl to water outlet ratios via plant uptake, which were increasing as NaCl was accumulating in the root zone, to the constant NaCl to water inlet ratio (NaCl concentration in irrigation water). The model could predict the measured Na and Cl concentrations in the drainage water more accurately at 10 and 15 mm NaCl than at 0.8 and 5 mm NaCl in the irrigation water. Possible explanations for these differences are discussed. Plant growth and water uptake were restricted as salinity was increasing, following a reverse pattern to that of Na and Cl accumulation in the root zone. The leaf K, Mg and P concentrations were markedly restricted by the increasing salinity, while that of Ca was less severely affected.

Effects of Sodium Chloride-Induced Salinity on Mineral Nutrients and Soluble Sugars in Three Commercial Cultivars of Pomegranate

The effect of sodium chloride (NaCl)-induced salinity on concentration and translocation of ions and soluble sugars in three commercial cultivars, ‘Alak Torsh,’ ‘Malas Torsh,’ ‘Malas Shirin,’ of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) was studied. After rooting of cuttings, they were planted in the plastic pots contained sand:perlite (1:1) medium and irrigated with complete Hoagland’s solution immediately. After three weeks, plants were treated with different concentration (0, 40, 80, and 120 mM) of NaCl solution. These treatments continued during 80 days with irrigation water. Finally, uptake and transport of ions [Na, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), nitrogen (N), and Cl) and soluble sugars in these three cultivars were measured. With increasing NaCl concentration in irrigation water, the amount of Na, Cl, and K of the tissues increased, but amount of Ca, Mg, and N of the tissues decreased. No cultivar differences were observed in the rate of uptake of tested minerals. Soluble sugars decreased as NaCl concentrations in irrigation water increased.

Effects of NaCl Concentration in Irrigation Water and Soil Moisture on Dry Matter Production of Barley and Sorghum

Effects of NaCl Concentration in Irrigation Water and Soil Moisture on Dry Matter Production of Barley and Sorghum

Response of Six Medicago sativa Cultivars to NaCl Concentrations in Irrigation Water

Response of Six Medicago sativa Cultivars to NaCl Concentrations in Irrigation Water

RESPONSE OF DATE PALM (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA I.) SEEDLINGS TO SODIUM CHLORIDE IN IRRIGATION WATER

The study was carried out at the Experimental Station of Agric. Sci. College at Al-oha region. Eight hundred seedlings (7 months old) were chosen for each following cultivars, Lulu, Boman, Barhee and Khalas. The seedings for each cultivars were irrigated weekly with 0, 6, 12, 18 g I.-1 Nacl solution. The results revealed fresh weight of stems, roots and number of leaves/plant of Lulul, Barhee and Khalas cultivars progressively reduced with increasing Nacl concentration in irrigation water, while dry matter percentage of stems and roots increased and increasing salinity in irrigation water. The results also declared that the seedlings of four date palm cultivars has similar behavior, when exposed to high Nacl concentration in irrigation water during long term.