nab-PTX Group Research Articles

Efficacy and safety of nanoparticle albumin‑bound paclitaxel compared with solvent‑based paclitaxel in adjuvant therapy for breast cancer: A retrospective study.

The current evidence for the use of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX) for adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy is insufficient. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy and toxicity of nab-PTX in comparison with solvent-based paclitaxel (sb-PTX) in postoperative adjuvant breast cancer treatment. A total of 345 patients were included in the study and separated into nab-PTX (n=289) and sb-PTX (n=56) groups based on the type of taxane used in the adjuvant chemotherapy regimen. The study evaluated the baseline characteristics in both groups and the risk factors for postoperative recurrence of mammary cancer. Furthermore, data concerning disease-free survival (DFS) and adverse effects were obtained and analyzed, and group confounding variables were addressed using 1:2 propensity score matching (PSM). Comparisons before PSM revealed significant differences in baseline characteristics including age, underlying disease, lymph node involvement, vascular invasion, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and axillary surgery (P<0.05). Following PSM, there were 90 patients in the nab-PTX group and 56 in the sb-PTX group, with no significant differences in the baseline differences (P>0.05). Before PSM, the 73-month DFS rate was 97.9% in the nab-PTX group compared with 91.1% in the sb-PTX group. However, there were no significant differences between the groups before or after PSM (P=0.15 and P=0.49, respectively). Additionally, Cox regression analysis demonstrated a significantly lower chance of recurrence in patients aged >45 years [hazard ratio (HR), 0.197; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.052-0.753; P=0.018], whereas underlying disease (HR, 5.352; 95% CI, 1.310-21.854; P=0.019) and lymph node infiltration (HR, 8.930; 95% CI, 1.121-71.161; P=0.039) significantly increased the risk of recurrence. Regarding safety, the sb-PTX group had a significantly greater incidence of anaphylaxis, whereas the nab-PTX group had significantly increased rates of anemia and peripheral neuropathy (P<0.05). In summary, the 73-month DFS rate of the nab-PTX cohort exceeded that of the sb-PTX cohort, but no significant difference was detected between them. Underlying disease, lymph node metastasis and an age of ≤45 years are significant predictors of postoperative recurrence of breast cancer.

Evaluation of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel loaded macrophages for glioblastoma treatment based on a microfluidic chip.

Introduction: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary brain malignancy with a dismal prognosis and remains incurable at present. In this study, macrophages (MΦ) were developed to carry nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX) to form nab-PTX/MΦ. The aim of this study is to use a GBM-on-a-chip to evaluate the anti-GBM effects of nab-PTX/MΦ. Methods: In this study, we constructed nab-PTX/MΦ by incubating live MΦ with nab-PTX. We developed a microfluidic chip to co-culture GBM cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, mimicking the simplified blood-brain barrier and GBM. Using a syringe pump, we perform sustainable perfusion of nutrient media. To evaluate the anti-GBM effects nab-PTX/MΦ, we treated the GBM-on-a-chip model with nab-PTX/MΦ and investigated GBM cell proliferation, migration, and spheroid formation. Results: At the chosen concentration, nab-PTX did not significantly affect the viability, chemotaxis and migration of MΦ. The uptake of nab-PTX by MΦ occurred within 1h of incubation and almost reached saturation at 6h. Additionally, nab-PTX/MΦ exhibited the M1 phenotype, which inhibits tumor progression. Following phagocytosis, MΦ were able to release nab-PTX, and the release of nab-PTX by MΦ had nearly reached its limit at 48h. Compared with control group and blank MΦ group, individual nab-PTX group and nab-PTX/MΦ group could inhibit tumor proliferation, invasion and spheroid formation. Meanwhile, the anti-GBM effect of nab-PTX/MΦ was more significant than nab-PTX. Discussion: Our findings demonstrate that nab-PTX/MΦ has a significant anti-GBM effect compared to individual nab-PTX or MΦ administration, suggesting MΦ as potential drug delivery vectors for GBM therapy. Furthermore, the developed GBM-on-a-chip model provides a potential ex vivo platform for innovative cell-based therapies and tailored therapeutic strategies for GBM.

Nanoparticle Albumin‑Bound Paclitaxel and Solvent-Based Paclitaxel as Chemotherapy Options for Patients With Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The aim of this study is to assess and compare the effectiveness and safety of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX) and solvent-based PTX (sb-PTX) as treatment options for advanced gastric cancer.This meta-analysis was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We carried out a comprehensive search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE from inception to June 15, 2023. The search strategy included the following keywords: "Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel," "solvent-based paclitaxel," and "advanced gastric cancer," along with their synonyms and medical subject heading (MeSH) terms.In this meta-analysis, the primary outcome was the comparison of overall survival and progression-free survival between the two groups. For safety purposes, we compared the risk of hematological and non-hematological events between the two groups. Four studies were included in this meta-analysis enrolling 1052 patients (483 received nb-PTX and 569 received sb-PTX).In terms of efficacy, nab-PTX showed favorable trends in overall survival and progression-free survival, despite no statistically significant differences being reported.The subgroup meta-analysis showed that nab-PTX seemed to have a better effect on peritoneal metastasis compared to sb-PTX.Regarding safety, the number of patients with neutropenia and leucopenia was significantly higher in the nab-PTX group compared to the sb-PTX group. However, the difference was statistically insignificant.Future research should focus on conducting more robust studies to further validate these findings and establish a stronger evidence base for the use of nab-PTX in this patient population.

Electronic patient-reported outcome measured in patients with pancreatic cancer receiving second-line chemotherapy: A multicenter prospective observational study.

682 Background: Pancreatic cancer and especially late-line chemotherapy often negatively impact patient quality of life (QoL). However, QoL outside of the date of hospital visits has not been adequately evaluated. This study assessed QoL at home in patients receiving chemotherapy using electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePRO). Methods: This multicenter prospective observational study was conducted in 29 Japanese centers. Pathologically confirmed unresectable pancreatic cancer patients who were going to receive a second cycle of second-line chemotherapy, liposomal irinotecan plus fluorouracil/leucovorin (nal-IRI+FF), gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GEM+nab-PTX), or gemcitabine alone (GEM) at the outpatient department were included. QoL was assessed by electronic instruments on days 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 11 of each administration during two consecutive cycles (second and third cycles). The primary outcome was the index value of EuroQol 5-dimensions 5-levels (EQ-5D-5L). Secondary outcomes were the status of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)-QLQ-C30 and Patient-Reported Outcome Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE). Results: A total of 90 patients, 56 receiving nal-IRI+FF, 27 receiving GEM+nab-PTX, and 7 receiving GEM, were eligible for this study. The patients who responded to at least the first questionnaire and received nal-IRI+FF (n = 46) or GEM+nab-PTX (n = 16) were selected for analysis. In the nal-IRI+FF group, the mean index value of EQ-5D-5L on day 1 of the second cycle was 0.803±0.142, declined up to day 6 (0.678±0.247), and had recovered by day 1 of the third cycle (0.776±0.197). Similar trends were observed in the third cycle; the nadir of the mean index value was 0.723±0.182 on day eight and had recovered by day 15 (0.782±0.159). On the other hand, in the GEM+nab-PTX group, the nadir of the mean index value in the second cycle was on day 6 of the third administration (0.751±0.184) and had not fully recovered by day 1 of the third cycle (0.789±0.182). For global health status according to EORTC-QLQ-C30, a similar trend to EQ-5D-5L was observed in both groups. According to the results of the PRO-CTCAE, pain (40.4%), diarrhea (36.5%), abdominal pain (30.8%), fatigue (28.8%), and anorexia (28.8%) were frequent severe or very severe adverse events in the nal-IRI+FF group. In comparison, diarrhea (29.2%) and anorexia (25.0%) were frequent severe or very severe adverse events in the GEM+nab-PTX group. Conclusions: QoL assessed by ePRO outside the date of hospital visits revealed the pattern or details of QoL transition. Further study is needed so that these trends can be taken into account in the management of chemotherapy. Clinical trial information: UMIN000044245 .

Thermosensitive gel of polysaccharide from Ganoderma applanatum combined with paclitaxel for mice with 4T1 breast cancer

Polysaccharide from Ganoderma applanatum has the activities of anti-tumor and enhancing immune function. There were no reports on antitumor effect of its intratumoral injection. In this study, the polysaccharide was extracted from G. applanatum by water extraction and alcohol precipitation, and purified by ceramic membrane after removing protein by Sevage method. The total polysaccharide content from G. applanatum(PGA)was about 63%. The combination of PGA and paclitaxel showed synergistic effect on cytotoxicity of 4 T1 cells at lower concentrations in vitro. In addition, the growth curve of 4 T1 cells showed that PGA could retard the growth of 4 T1 cells gradually. The PGA thermosensitive gel(PGA-TG)was prepared by using poloxamer 188 and 407. The gel temperature was 36 ℃, and the PGA-TG could effectively slow down the release rate of PGA in vitro. 4 T1 breast cancer-bearing mice were used as a model to evaluate the therapeutic effect of intratumoral injection of PGA combined with tail vein injection of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel(nab-PTX). In high and low dose PGA groups, each mice was given with 2.25, 1.125 mg PGA respectively, twice in total, and the dosage of paclitaxel was 15 mg·kg~(-1), once every 3 days, for a total of five times. The tumor inhibition rate was 29.65% in the high dose PGA-TG group, 58.58% in the nab-PTX group, 63.37% in low dose PGA-TG combined with nab-PTX group, and 68.10% in high dose PGA-TG combined with nab-PTX group respectively. The inhibitory effect in high dose PGA-TG group combined with nab-PTX on tumors was significantly higher than that in nab-PTX group(P&lt;0.05). The results showed that paclitaxel therapy combined with intratumoral injection of PGA-TG could improve the therapeutic effect for 4 T1 mice and reduce the side effects of chemotherapy.

FOLFIRINOX vs gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel for treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer: Single-center cohort study.

BACKGROUNDFOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (Gem + nabPTX) were recently introduced for metastatic pancreatic cancer treatment. However, studies that compared these two regimens and studies in Asian populations are lacking.AIMTo compare the treatment outcomes of FOLFIRINOX and Gem + nabPTX regimen for metastatic pancreatic cancer treatment in Korean population.METHODSPatients with metastatic or recurrent pancreatic cancer treated with FOLFIRINOX (n = 86) or Gem + nabPTX (n = 81) as the first-line since January 2015 were identified using the Severance Hospital Pancreatic Cancer Cohort Registry. Treatment efficacy, treatment-related adverse events and economic aspects were compared.RESULTSPatients in the FOLFIRINOX group were significantly younger (54 vs 65 years; P < 0.001) and had better performance statuses at diagnosis. The median overall survival (10.7 vs 12.1 mo; P = 0.157), progression-free survival (8.0 vs 8.4 mo; P = 0.134), and objective response rates (33.7% vs 46.9%; P = 0.067) were not significantly different when compared with Gem + nabPTX group. Grade ≥ 3 neutropenia and gastrointestinal adverse events were more common in the FOLFIRINOX group. The drug costs of both regimens were similar.CONCLUSIONTreatment efficacy and economic burdens were comparable between the two regimens. But, the details of adverse event were different. Gem + nabPTX regimen might be considered preferentially in certain conditions.

Retrospective comparison of nab-paclitaxel plus ramucirumab and paclitaxel plus ramucirumab as second-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer focusing on peritoneal metastasis.

Background Ramucirumab (RAM) plus solvent-based (sb)-paclitaxel (PTX) is the standard second-line chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer (AGC). The subset analysis of the ABSOLUTE trial, which confirmed non-inferiority of weekly nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-PTX to weekly sb-PTX, suggested that nab-PTX might have better efficacy than sb-PTX in patients with peritoneal metastasis. We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of RAM plus sb-PTX and nab-PTX in patients with peritoneal metastasis of AGC. Methods AGC patients who received RAM plus sb-PTX or nab-PTX as second-line chemotherapy from June 2015 to February 2019 were included in the study. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), response rate, and safety were assessed. Results A total of 128 patients were included in this study (93 in the RAM plus sb-PTX group and 35 in the RAM plus nab-PTX group). PFS was 4.1months in the RAM plus sb-PTX group and 4.6months in the RAM plus nab-PTX group (HR 0.90; 95%CI 0.58-1.41, p = 0.643). OS was 8.9months in the RAM plus sb-PTX group and 11.4months in the RAM plus nab-PTX group (HR 0.95; 95%CI 0.56-1.62, p = 0.847). A total of 62 and 31 patients had peritoneal metastasis in the RAM plus sb-PTX and the RAM plus nab-PTX groups, respectively. RAM plus nab-PTX showed a slightly longer survival compared to RAM plus sb-PTX in patients with peritoneal metastasis (PFS 5.8 vs 3.5months, HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.40-1.10, p = 0.109). Conclusion This study suggests that RAM plus nab-PTX might be a more effective treatment for peritoneal metastasis of AGC.

Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R overcomes nab-paclitaxel resistance in a cervical cancer PDOX mouse model.

Cervical cancer is a recalcitrant disease. To help overcome this problem, we previously established a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of cervical cancer. In the previous study, we found the tumor to be resistant to nab-paclitaxal (nab-PTX). We also previously developed the tumor-targeting bacteria Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R). The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of S. typhimurium A1-R to overcome nab-PTX resistance in the cervical cancer PDOX model. Cervical-cancer tumor fragments were implanted orthotopically into the neck of the uterus of nude mice. The cervical-cancer PDOX models were randomized into the following four groups after the tumor volume reached 60mm3: G1: untreated group; G2: nab-PTX (i.v., 10mg/kg, biweekly, 3weeks); G3: Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (i.v., 5 × 107 CFU/body, weekly, 3weeks); G4: nab-PTX combined with Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (nab-PTX, 10mg/kg, i.v., biweekly, 3weeks; S. typhimurium A1-R, 5 × 107 CFU/body, i.v., weekly, 3weeks). Each group comprised eight mice. All mice were sacrificed on day 22. Tumor volume was measured on day 0 and day 22. Body weight was measured twice a week. Nab-PTX and Salmonella typhimurium A1-R did not show significant efficacy as monotherapy compared to the control group (P = 0.564 and P = 0.120, respectively). In contrast, nab-PTX combined with Salmonella typhimurium A1-R significantly suppressed tumor growth compared to the untreated control group and nab-PTX group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.026, respectively). Salmonella typhimurium A1-R has potential future clinical application to overcome drug resistance in cervical cancer.