Corrosion Of N80 Steel Research Articles

New insights into the influence mechanism of carbides on the localized corrosion of N80 carbon steel: Experiments and first-principles study

Carbides significantly influenced the corrosion behavior of N80 carbon steel. The specific types of carbides and their adsorption behavior at the interface with the steel matrix were particularly complex. This study comprehensively evaluated the impact of carbides on the localized corrosion of N80 steel using both computational and experimental techniques. The findings revealed that the predominant carbides in the steel were Fe3C, with a potential difference of approximately 65.3 mV greater than that of the steel matrix, leading to preferential dissolution of the steel matrix. The corrosion film that formed on the steel surface was loose and porous, enriched with Cl-, and insufficient to effectively prevent the penetration of corrosive media. The work function relationship between Fe3C and the steel matrix was Fe < Fe3C, and O exhibited a higher adsorption energy on the Fe surface than on the Fe3C surface. This resulted in a strong galvanic coupling corrosion effect between Fe3C and the steel matrix. Fe3C, acting as the cathodic phase in the galvanic corrosion process, accelerated the adsorption of O2 on the steel surface, which in turn led to significant dissolution of the steel matrix. This process facilitated the nucleation of pits, ultimately resulting in the formation of stable pits on the surface.

Two schiff base as corrosion inhibitors for N80 in 1.0 M HCl: Experimental and theoretical studies

Two Schiff base inhibitor were synthesized and the structures of RX-1 and RX-2 were confirmed through infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The corrosion inhibition properties of the two Schiff base inhibitor on N80 steel in 1.0 M HCl were investigated. The results demonstrate that the corrosion inhibition efficiencies of RX-1 and RX-2 at 200 mg/L were 91.15 %, and 91.09 % by weight loss. The results of Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) show that RX-1 and RX-2 form adsorption films on the surface of N80 steel to alleviate the corrosion. Tafel polarization curve (TAFEL) results showed that RX-1 and RX-2 reduced the dissolution of N80 by inhibiting both cathode and anode reactions. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the effective adsorption of RX-1 and RX-2 on the surface of N80 steel, thereby preventing direct contact between the corrosive medium and the metal. Density functional theory (DFT) Fukui and molecular dynamics simulation (MD) have proved that there are multiple adsorption sites in 1 M HCl at the molecular level, which can be stably adsorbed on the metal surface. Mean Squared Displacement (MSD) has proved that the protective film formed by RX-1 and RX-2 can slow down the corrosion of N80 steel by hindering the diffusion rate of corrosive ions.

Inhibition Localized Corrosion of N80 Petroleum Pipeline Steel in NaCl-Na2S Solution Using an Imidazoline Quaternary Ammonium Salt

In this paper, the local corrosion inhibition effect of imidazoline on N80 oil pipeline steel in a NaCl-Na2S solution was studied by the simulated blocking tank cell method, and the corrosion processes of the cathode and anode in the blocking zone were simulated. The blocking corrosion behavior of the pipeline tubing steel N80 in simulated corrosion solutions without and with different concentrations of an imidazoline corrosion inhibitor was studied by chemical analysis and electrochemical analysis. The results show that in the three solution systems, after the anode polarization of the occluded cell, the solution in the occluded region is acidified, the pH value decreases sharply, the migration of Cl− and S2− increases, and the concentration is increased in the blocked area. After adding the imidazoline corrosion inhibitor, the imidazoline inhibitor can reduce the migration of small-radius anions (Cl− and S2−) to the occluded area, inhibit the acidification of the solution in the occluded area, and prevent the dissolution of metals in the occluded area. As a result, the corrosion of the occluded area is slowed down due to the change in the chemical and electrochemical state of the occluded area. In the three corrosion solution systems of 2% Na2S + 5% NaCl, 2% Na2S + 8% NaCl, and 2% Na2S + 10% NaCl, the imidazoline corrosion inhibitor can form an adsorption film on the metal surface, thereby increasing the polarization resistance and decreasing the corrosion rate. The addition of an imidazoline corrosion inhibitor can significantly increase the kinetic constant of anode polarization, which can effectively inhibit the local corrosion of N80 steel in these corrosion systems.

Temperature and Reaction Time’s Effects on N80 Steel Corrosion Behavior in Supercritical CO2 and Formation Water Environments

In the present study, an immersion experiment was carried out to examine how N80 steel corrodes when exposed to formation water containing dissolved CO2 and supercritical CO2 (Sc-CO2) along with water vapor. We employed electrochemical and surface analysis methods to examine the influence of various factors, including the temperature and duration of immersion, on the extent of corrosion. The results show that the corrosion patterns of N80 steel in a supercritical CO2 environment and CO2-saturated formation water differed significantly. The presence of similar corrosion features was suggested by the constant structure of the corrosion products identified in the formation water. However, the morphology of the corrosion product was complex in the supercritical CO2 environment, exhibiting features of pitting and localized corrosion. Furthermore, a non-linear trend in the corrosion rate was observed between 40 °C and 120 °C. Specifically, the rate of corrosion declined from 40 °C to 80 °C, but it then resumed its growth from 80 °C to 120 °C. These findings suggest that very high temperatures could lead to the destruction of corrosion products and subsequently enhance the corrosion process.

Exploring the potential of isonicotinohydrazide derivatives in N80 steel corrosion control: An integrated approach through synthesis, modeling, and experimentation in acidic environments

N80 carbon steel (N80CS) is recognized for its superior mechanical properties and cost-effectiveness. However, its susceptibility to corrosion, particularly in hydrochloric acid (HCl) environments, necessitates the exploration of corrosion inhibitors. This research centers on the evaluation of N′-[(Z)-(4-bromophenyl)methylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide (BBI) and N′-[(1Z)− 1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide (CEI), green organic compounds from the isonicotinohydrazide family, as potential eco-friendly and non-toxic inhibitors for N80CS in a 15 wt% HCl solution. An array of investigative methods, including weight loss measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), were employed to examine the corrosion inhibition performance of these compounds for the N80CS surface in a strong HCl medium. Our experimental findings demonstrated that the inhibitors' efficiency was concentration-dependent, enhancing as concentrations ranged from 10−4 mol/L to 5 × 10−3 mol/L. Notably, BBI's inhibitory efficiency varied between 97.6% and 99.28%, while CEI's ranged from 94.31% to 98.44%. PDP curves elucidated the capability of BBI and CEI to control both anodic and cathodic reactions, thereby classifying them as mixed-type corrosion inhibitors. The improved inhibition efficiency was evidenced by the decrease in double-layer capacitance, supporting the formation of a protective layer that delays the corrosion process. Consistent with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, our results suggested these inhibitors involved in both physical and chemical interactions with the iron atoms on the steel surface. This protective formation was further corroborated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses, which highlighted a significant reduction in the surface roughness of N80CS. Supplementing our experimental data, theoretical investigations using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and semi-empirical Density functional tight binding (DFTB) simulations were conducted. They confirmed the advantageous reactivity of BBI and CEI, attributable to their molecular structures, which promote facile adsorption onto the Fe(110) surface through covalent bonding. This research provides valuable insights into developing non-toxic and environmentally benign corrosion inhibitors for N80CS in acidic conditions.

Influence of CO2 partial pressure and flow rate on the corrosion behavior of N80 steel in 3.5% NaCl

In this paper, weight loss and in situ electrochemical measurements were carried out to investigate the influence of CO2 partial pressure and flow rate of corrosive media on the corrosion of N80 steel in 3.5% NaCl at 120 ℃. The corrosion product films obtained at different conditions were also analyzed by SEM and EDS. The results showed that with the increase of CO2 partial pressure, the corrosion rate decreases significantly. EIS results showed that the total resistance and charge transfer resistance of the film under all soaking times increased gradually with the increase of CO2 partial pressure, which indicates that the product film formed at high CO2 partial pressure was denser and had better protection to the matrix. Flow rate has limited influence on corrosion rate of N80 steel at tested conditions. EIS revealed that at different flow rates, the protection of corrosion product films increased with the soaking time. High flow rate is not favoarable to the formation of corrosion product film, or it is easy to break corrosion product film. And wall shear stress (WSS) is generally considered to be the main cause of failure, thus resulting in high corrosion rate of N80 steel.

Design, characteristics, and theoretical analyses of 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives with different heteroatoms as effective corrosion inhibitors

This study focuses on the corrosion inhibition of N80 steel by 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives in 1 M hydrochloric acid medium. Firstly, three corrosion inhibitors containing different heteroatoms, namely N-dodecyl-5-amino-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (12N-HQ), 5-dodecyloxy-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (12O-HQ), and 5-dodecylthio-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (12S-HQ) were synthesized from 1-dodecylamine, 1-dodecanol, 1-dodecanethiol, and 8-hydroxyquinoline. The structures of the synthesized products were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrometry. The effects of 12N-HQ, 12O-HQ, and 12S-HQ on the corrosion of N80 steel in hydrochloric acid solution were studied by electrochemical measurements: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP). The surface analysis of N80 steel was carried out using infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The IR and 1HNMR spectra results confirmed the generation of characteristic peaks of C-N-C, C-O-C, and C-S-C, indicating that the products were 12N-HQ, 12O-HQ, and 12S-HQ. The PDP results demonstrated that the 12N-HQ, 12O-HQ, and 12S-HQ corrosion inhibitors were all mixed corrosion inhibitors. The EIS results were 93.60%, 93.37%, and 95.31% corrosion inhibition efficiency for the three inhibitors at a concentration of 1 mM, respectively. The FT-IR, FE-SEM, and XRD studies showed that 12N-HQ, 12O-HQ, and 12S-HQ molecules adhered and constructed a surface protective layer on the surface of N80 steel. Density flooding theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamics simulations (MD) better explain the influence of 12N-HQ, 12O-HQ, and 12S-HQ molecular structures and electrons on corrosion resistance, in addition to the results obtained by DFT and the simulation of MD agree with the experimental results.

Investigation on the Effect of Temperature and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Partial Pressure on Corrosion of N80 Tubing Steel in Formation Water Environment

In the process of oil and gas extraction, N80 steel is used as a common tubing material. CO2 corrosion has become one of the most dangerous problems in its entire life cycle. In this paper, the conditions of different temperatures (90-220 °C) and CO2 partial pressure (0.2-3 MPa) were selected, and the dynamic rotating high-temperature autoclave was used to simulate N80 steel corrosion in formation water environments. The results showed that the corrosion rate of N80 steel gradually decreased with the increase of temperature, and the corrosion rate was the lowest at 150 °C. In addition to this, with the increase of CO2 partial pressure, the corrosion rate first increased and then decreased. The corrosion rate was the highest when the CO2 partial pressure was 0.8 MPa. Through surface analysis techniques (SEM and XRD) and electrochemical tests, it was found that the corrosion resistance of N80 under high temperature and high pressure is closely related to the corrosion product film (FeCO3). The compactness of FeCO3 product film determines the corrosion characteristics of the matrix.

8‐Hydroxyquinoline‐functionalized chitosan Schiff base as an efficient and environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor for N80 steel in acidic environments

AbstractChitosan is an environmentally friendly biomolecule with great potential for application in metal corrosion protection. First, Chitosan benzaldehyde schiff base (CTSB) and 8‐hydroxyquinoline functionalized chitosan benzaldehyde schiff base (HQ‐CTSB) were synthesized from chitosan, benzaldehyde, and 8‐hydroxyquinoline as high‐efficiency and environment‐friendly corrosion inhibitors. The structures of the synthesized products were characterized by infrared spectroscopy. The corrosion of N80 steel was tested using electrochemical measurements and analysis by varied concentrations of CTSB and HQ‐CTSB in a hydrochloric acid solution. The PDP results confirmed that both CTSB and HQ‐CTSB corrosion inhibitors were mixed corrosion inhibitors. Furthermore, the EIS findings revealed that the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the two inhibitors was 87.11% and 98.52% at 800 mg/L, respectively. According to SEM and XPS analyses, the CTSB and HQ‐CTSB molecules bonded to the surface of N80 steel and formed a surface protective layer. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that CTSB and HQ‐CTSB have multiple active sites that may become adsorbent on the metal surface. And molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that corrosion inhibitors CTSB and HQ‐CTSB lie flat on the surface of Fe(110). The theoretical calculation agreed well with the experimental results.

Insight into polymer concentration, temperature, CO2 content, and Cl− content on corrosion of N80 steel tubing in polymer flooding

AbstractThe corrosion of N80 steel in polymer flooding is studied, and the safe service life of N80 steel tubing is calculated. The results show that the temperature is the main factor affecting the corrosion of tubing during the process of polymer flooding, and the safe service life of N80 carbon steel tubing at 75°C is only 11.1 years. The polymer is connected by molecular chains to form a network structure and then adsorbed on the surface of the steel. As the polymer concentration increases, the space between polymer molecules becomes smaller; the exposed surface area decreases; and the corrosion rate of N80 steel decreases. Both temperature and Cl− ions destroy the adsorption capacity of the polymer on the carbon steel substrate. The negatively charged chloride ion repels the negatively charged polymer, leading to the resolution of the polymer and reduction of the corrosion inhibition of the polymer. High temperature destroys the polymer's intramolecular and intermolecular aggregation, and also wrecks the long molecular chain polymer structure, significantly inhibiting the corrosion inhibition effect of the polymer.

Pectin-amino acid derivatives as highly efficient green inhibitors for the corrosion of N80 steel in CO2-saturated formation water

Pectin, as the raw material from the waste peel and residue of various plants, was applied to prepare an environmentally friendly, inexpensive, and biodegradable green modified-pectin (P-Gly and P-Lys) corrosion inhibitor. Elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, 1H NMR and XRD analysis confirmed the grafting degrees of amidated pectin were 6.26% (P-Gly) and 7.20% (P-Lys), respectively. The corrosion inhibition mechanism of P-AAs on N80 carbon steel in CO2-saturated groundwater was investigated. It was found that P-AAs showed high corrosion inhibition efficiencies at a low concentration of 800 mg/L: P-Gly (99.01%) and P-Lys (99.36%) with excellent adsorption stability maintained for 120 h. Theoretical calculations including QC based on DFT and GFN-xTB methods and MD-based RDFs revealed the chemisorption of the inhibitors on the Fe surface.

Investigation of the effects of small flow rate and particle impact on high temperature CO2 corrosion of N80 steel

The effects of flow rate and particle-wall impact on CO2 corrosion of N80 steel at high temperature were studied by surface analysis techniques and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. It shows that the corrosion product layer of FeCO3 generated at 180 °C is denser and more protective than that at 90 °C so that the corrosion rate is lower for the former. Flow corrosion decreases the formation of polycrystalline layers compared to the static corrosion, while particle-wall impact directly destroys them. The promotion effect of the flow and particle-wall impact on corrosion are significant at 90 °C, but very weak at 180 °C due to the faster formation rate of layers for the latter.

Performance Evaluation of a Novel and Effective Water-Soluble Aldehydes as Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Aggressive Hydrochloric Medium

A novel and effective water-soluble aldehydes (β-HA) as corrosion inhibitor was synthesized for N80 steel corrosion in 15% HCl solution, and the corrosion inhibition performance was evaluated by using weight loss, electrochemical measurements, scanning electron microscope (SEM), quantum chemical calculation and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). The results show that synthesized β-HA showed excellent corrosion performance compared with MHB and PE for carbon steel in 15% HCl solution compared with MHB and PE, and the inhibition efficiency increased with increasing concentration of the inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency of β-HA at 8 mmol/L reached the maximum value 94.08%. The inhibitor acted as mixed-type inhibitor via blocking both the anodic and cathodic reaction. The adsorption of inhibitors on N80 steel surface obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the process contained chemisorption and physisorption. The ΔGads of β-HA was −28.81 kJ·mol−1 under the standard atmospheric pressure. Moreover, the theoretical calculation parameters revealed stronger combination and higher interaction energy for inhibitor β-HA comparing with MHB and PE, further demonstrating the correlation between the theoretical and experimental results.

Quinoline Carbonitriles as Novel Inhibitors for N80 Steel Corrosion in Oil-Well Acidizing: Experimental and Computational Insights

Quinoline Carbonitriles as Novel Inhibitors for N80 Steel Corrosion in Oil-Well Acidizing: Experimental and Computational Insights

Role of Ca2+ in the CO2 corrosion behavior and film characteristics of N80 steel and electroless Ni–P coating at high temperature and high pressure

The effects of Ca2+ on the CO2 corrosion behavior and film characteristics of N80 carbon steel and electroless Ni–P coating at high temperature and high pressure were investigated by immersion tests, in-situ electrochemical measurements, surface characterization techniques and water chemistry analysis. The results demonstrate that the corrosion of N80 steel is significantly influenced by Ca2+ concentration, however Ni–P coating exhibits exceptional corrosion resistance regardless of Ca2+ concentration. The microstructure and compactness of FeCO3 corrosion film is altered with the increased incorporation of Ca2+, thereby affecting the electrolyte penetration and the corrosion rate consequently. The added Ca2+ also impacts the water chemistry of the aqueous phase, postponing the FeCO3 precipitation. Meanwhile, the superb corrosion resistance of Ni–P coating is owing to the protection of the formed NiO/Ni(OH)2 film and the absence of scale formation.

Quinoline Carbonitriles as Novel Inhibitors for N80 Steel Corrosion in Oil-Well Acidizing: Experimental and Computational Insights

Quinoline Carbonitriles as Novel Inhibitors for N80 Steel Corrosion in Oil-Well Acidizing: Experimental and Computational Insights

Major corrosion influence factors analysis in the production well of CO2 flooding and the optimization of relative anti-corrosion measures

Major corrosion influence factors in the production well of CO2 flooding in Xinjiang oilfield were investigated, and corresponding anticorrosion measures (relating to corrosion inhibitors and corrosion-resistant alloys) had been contrasted in order to select a most suitable scheme to solve the tubing corrosion issue. The results showed that the corrosion of N80 steel in liquid phase was mainly affected by temperature, while in gas phase by temperature and CO2 partial pressure. As to the corrosion of 3Cr steel, in liquid phase, the influencing factors were temperature and chloride concentration, and in gas phase, it was mainly affected by temperature. The safe service life of N80 and P110 steel in liquid phase were less than 8 years, whereas that of 9Cr and 13Cr steel both exceeded 30 years. In gas phase, the safe service life of N80 and P110 steel were 11.65 years and 16.55 years respectively, while that of 3Cr, 9Cr and 13Cr steel were more than 30 years. Suitable for production well in CO2 flooding, No.6 corrosion inhibitor was selected. The corrosion rate of tubing could be controlled within 0.076 mm/y by adding 1000 ppm corrosion inhibitor. 9Cr steel was recommended to be used as the tubing of new production wells for CO2 flooding, and, for old wells, the method of continuous filling corrosion inhibitor was recommended to resist corrosion.

CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;分压对N80钢腐蚀影响的研究

CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;分压对N80钢腐蚀影响的研究

A new series of synthesized compounds as corrosion mitigator for storage tanks: Detailed electrochemical and theoretical investigations

Two new acridinedione namely 3,3,6,6-Tetramethyl-9,10-diphenyl-3,4,6,7,9,10-hexahydro-1,8-(2H,5H)-acridinedione (ACD-1), and 9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-10-phenyl-3,4,6,7,9,10-hexahydroacridine-1,8(2H,5H)-dione (ACD-2) were synthesized and tested as prominent inhibitors for N80 steel corrosion inhibition in 15% hydrochloric acid (HCl). The weight loss result showed maximum efficiency of 97.3% (ACD-2) and Langmuir isotherm model best explained the adsorption of ACDs. EIS study reveals Rct value increased to a maximum of 816.4 Ωcm2 with the inhibition efficiency of 95.6% at 600 mg/L (ACD-2). The results of PDP proposed that ACDs are mixed but cathodic dominance inhibitors. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) tests supports the adsorption of ACDs molecules onto the N80 steel surface. Intermolecular interactions and dynamics were studied using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD).

Experimental and surface morphological study of corrosion inhibition of N80 carbon steel in HCl stimulated acidizing solution using gum exudate from Terminalia Mentaly

The gum exudate from Terminalia Mentaly (GETM) was investigated for corrosion inhibition of N80 carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution using electrochemical and gravimetric measurements. GETM was found to be a good inhibitor for N80 steel corrosion in the 1 M HCl stimulated acidizing solution, affecting both cathodic and anodic reactions. The inhibition efficiency of GETM increased as the concentration increases but decreased with rise in temperature. Maximum inhibition efficiencies of 92.4%, 95.5% and 92.5% were obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), gravimetric and potentiodynamic polarization studies respectively, at 2.0 g/L GETM in 1 M HCl. Adsorption of GETM at the studied temperatures was found to follow Langmuir and Temkin isotherms and the action of inhibition suggests both physical and chemical adsorption on the metal surface. It was found from polarization study that GETM is a mixed type inhibitor but slightly acted more like an anodic inhibitor. EIS studies revealed that GETM increased the charge transfer resistance while diminishing the double layer capacitance with increasing concentration due to the formation of protective film on the steel. Surface morphological study performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the formation of protective film of GETM on the N80 steel surface.