N-doped Hollow Carbon Spheres Research Articles

Highly active CeO2-CuCo nanoparticles supported on hollow N-doped carbon spheres for boosting ammonia borane hydrolysis and tandem 4-nitrophenol reduction reactions

It’s a safe method to use high hydrogen density ammonia borane (AB) to facilitate the tandem hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds. While a major problem for tandem hydrogenation, the development of non-noble metal catalysts with high activity and stability is encouraging. This work involved the synthesis of highly active CeO2/CuCo nanoparticles support on hollow N-doped carbon spheres and its investigation for AB hydrolysis, taking into account the impacts of the HNCSs and CeO2 supports. Because CuCo alloy, CeO2, and HNCSs supports worked in concert, HNCSs@CeO2/CuCo was found to be the best catalyst. The activation energy achieved was comparable to the reported Pd- and Pt-based catalysts, with a value as low as 21.8 kJ/mol. Using AB as the in-situ H2 source, HNCSs@CeO2/CuCo exhibited a significant degree of activity in the one-pot tandem reduction of 4-NP with the turnover frequency of 2830.2 h−1, even surpassing over ten times of some noble metal catalysts. Following five consecutive cycles of reaction condition tuning, the HNCSs@CeO2/CuCo catalyst demonstrated a constant conversion efficiency. Also, the catalyst's uses for one-pot tandem reduction of other highly active aromatic nitro compounds were expanded.

Cobalt hydroxide decorating N-doped hollow carbon sphere as a new sulfur host to improve long cycle stability in lithium–sulfur batteries

Cobalt hydroxide decorating N-doped hollow carbon sphere as a new sulfur host to improve long cycle stability in lithium–sulfur batteries

Rational design of MoSSe nanosheets on N-doped carbon hollow spheres for accelerating polysulfide redox kinetics of high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries with high theoretical energy densities offer a promising alternative for next-generation energy storage. However, the poor conductivity, shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), and large volume expansion upon cycling hinder their application. Hollow nanostructures can play an important role in achieving high sulfur loading, buffering volume expansion, and inhibiting LiPSs shuttling. In this work, MoSSe nanosheets grown on N-doped carbon hollow spheres (MoSSe/NC) are used as both sulfur host and separator to achieve catalytic adsorption and conversion of LiPSs. As a sulfur host, MoSSe/NC can enhance electron/ion transport and alleviate the volume expansion of sulfur during cycling, further accelerating the redox kinetics. The MoSSe/NC-modified separator can also induce interfacial charge modulation and expose more active sites, promoting rapid anchoring and conversion of LiPSs and uniform deposition of Li2S. Theoretical calculations and experiments verify that MoSSe/NC can catalyze the conversion of LiPSs, inhibit the shuttle effect, and effectively improve the electrochemical properties of sulfur. Therefore, the MoSSe/NC based Li-S battery exhibits high initial capacity (1455 mAh g−1), excellent rate performance (891 mAh g−1 at 2 C), and good cycling stability (0.049% capacity decay rate at 800 cycles at 1 C).

Formulating N-Doped Carbon Hollow Nanospheres with Highly Accessible Through-Pores to Isolate Fe Single-Atoms for Efficient Oxygen Reduction.

It is challenging yet promising to design highly accessible N-doped carbon skeletons to fully expose the active sites inside single-atom catalysts. Herein, mesoporous N-doped carbon hollow spheres with regulatable through-pore size can be formulated by a simple sequential synthesis procedure, in which the condensed SiO2 is acted as removable dual-templates to produce both hollow interiors and through-pores, meanwhile, the co-condensed polydopamine shell is served as N-doped carbon precursor. After that, Fe─N─C hollow spheres (HSs) with highly accessible active sites can be obtained after rationally implanting Fe single-atoms. Microstructural analysis and X-ray absorption fine structure analysis reveal that high-density Fe─N4 active sites together with tiny Fe clusters are uniformly distributed on the mesoporous carbon skeleton with abundant through-pores. Benefitted from the highly accessible Fe─N4 active sites arising from the unique through-pore architecture, the Fe─N─C HSs demonstrate excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance in alkaline media with a half-wave potential up to 0.90V versus RHE and remarkable stability, both exceeding the commercial Pt/C. When employing Fe─N─C HSs as the air-cathode catalysts, the assembled Zn-air batteries deliver a high peak power density of 204mWcm-2 and stable discharging voltage plateau over 140h.

Construction of anchoring traps-reinforced ultrafine ruthenium nanoparticles as efficient catalysts for boosting H2 production from ammonia-borane hydrolysis

Hydrogen release through ammonia-borane hydrolysis (ABH) is vital for mitigating the energy crises and environmental problems from fossil fuels. However, improving the catalytic performance for ABH via concomitantly regulating the atom utilization efficiency and electronic metal-support interaction of supported catalysts remains challenging. Herein, anchoring traps-reinforced nano-ruthenium integrated hollow N-doped carbon spheres (Ru@HNCS) are synthesized and utilized for ABH toward hydrogen production. The synergy of void trapping and N-anchoring effects enables the fabrication and uniform distribution of ultrafine Ru (1.47 nm in diameter) nanoparticles (NPs) onto the HNCS matrix. Compared with the Ru@C analogue, the achieved Ru@HNCS exhibits much higher catalytic activity (turnover frequency: 1051 min−1), lower activation energy (26.9 kJ mol−1) and higher reusability toward hydrogen production from ABH. The high atomic utilization efficiency of metal species and electronic metal-support interaction can effectively accelerate the oxidative cleavage of the H–O bonds in the attacked H2O, thus kinetically boosting catalytic performance for ABH. The present study represents a useful strategy to fabricate efficient supported nanocatalysts for catalytic applications.

Metal-organic framework derived hollow nitrogen-doped carbon sphere with cobalt phosphide in carbon nanotube for efficient oxygen evolution

The sluggish kinetics of the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) pose a significant challenge in the field of overall water splitting. Transition metal phosphides have emerged as promising catalysts for OER by modulating the charge distribution of surrounding atoms. In this study, we employed self-sacrificing templates to fabricate hollow N-doped carbon spheres containing small-sized Co2P embedded within carbon nanotubes through high-temperature calcination and phosphorization, referred to as HNCS-CNT-CoP. The obtained HNCS-CNT-CoP electrocatalyst exhibited excellent OER performance in an alkaline electrolyte due to the optimization of OH* adsorption energy and the large specific surface area created by the hollow structure. It demonstrated a low overpotential of 302 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a low Tafel slope of 68.5 mV dec−1, attributed to the electron transport facilitated by the in situ formed carbon nanotubes. Furthermore, theoretical calculations revealed a suitable reaction energy (1.17 eV) in the critical formation of Co2P-*OOH for HNCS-CNT-CoP, significantly lower than the the rate-determining step of HNCS-CNT-Co (10.08 eV). These findings highlight the significance of hollow structures and Co2P-doping in the design of highly active non-noble metal OER electrocatalysts, enabling the reduction of energetic reaction barriers for future applications.

Robust nitrogen-doped microporous hollow carbon spheres for energy-efficient CO2 capture from flue gas

Nitrogen (N)-doped microporous hollow carbon spheres were prepared by facilely nanocasting spherical SiO2 with N-containing melamine phenolic resin through a simple in-situ polymerization process. Through regulating the dosage of melamine, N content in microporous hollow carbons could be easily tuned to an unprecedented level of 49.2 wt%. Additionally, in order to address the common problem of relatively poor structural porosity of N-doped carbons, especially after incorporating vast N into carbon frameworks in reported literature, a comprehensive strategy including optimizing carbonization temperature and performing further activation by CO2 and KOH were explored, and their effects on material textural properties and CO2 capacity were systematically studied. Although this strategy did not completely avoid the N loss during activation of carbon materials, it sharply promoted the textural properties of carbon materials at the expenses of partial N and efficiently produced a series of highly microporous carbon materials, still with abundant N species (11.5 ∼ 29.9 wt%) and large structural porosity (330 ∼ 1263 m2/g). More importantly, these N-doped microporous hollow carbons, when used for CO2 capture, showed superior CO2 capacities of 3.00 mmol/g (25 °C and 1 bar) and 1.05 mmol/g (40 °C and 0.1 bar), exceptionally robust cyclic stability, and low regeneration energy of 2.75 GJ/ton CO2, which is much lower than aqueous amine-based absorbents and comparable to amine-supported adsorbents. Thus, these outstanding adsorption performances make the N-doped microporous hollow carbon spheres prepared in this study more promising for energy-effective CO2 capture from dilute gas streams.

Spin state modulation on dual Fe center by adjacent Ni sites enabling the boosted activities and ultra-long stability in Zn-air batteries

Breakthrough in developing cost-effective Fe-based catalysts with superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activities and ultra-long-term stability for application in Zn-air batteries (ZABs) remain a priority but still full of challenges. Herein, the neighboring NiN4 single-metal-atom and Fe2N5 dual-metal-atoms on the N-doped hollow carbon sphere (Fe/Ni-NHCS) were deliberately constructed as the efficient and robust ORR catalyst for ZABs. Both theory calculations and magnetic measurements demonstrate that the introduction of NiN4 provides a significant role on optimizing the electron spin state of Fe2N5 sites and reducing the energy barrier for the adsorption and conversion of the oxygen-containing intermediates, enabling the Fe/Ni-NHCS with excellent ORR performance and ultralow byproduct HO2− yield (0.5%). Impressively, the ZABs driven by Fe/Ni-NHCS exhibit unprecedented long-term rechargeable stability over 1200 h. This work paves a new venue to manipulate the spin state of active sites for simultaneously achieving superior catalytic activities and ultra-long-term stability in energy conversion technologies.

In-situ growth of small-size Fe3O4 nanoparticles on N-doped hollow carbon spheres for electrochemical high-efficiency determination of ofloxacin-contaminated water

To prevent antibiotic water contamination, efficient electrode materials for the preparation of electrochemical sensors for detection are urgently needed. Herein, we report on the fabrication of an electrode material for the in-situ growth of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on N-doped hollow carbon spheres (N-HCS/Fe3O4 NPs) as an electrochemical sensor for the detection of ofloxacin-contaminated water. N-doped hollow carbon spheres (N-HCS) were prepared by the CaCO3 template method, and N-HCS/Fe3O4 NPs were prepared via hydrothermal. The combination of Fe3O4 and N-HCS enhances the overall electron transfer capability of the N-HCS/Fe3O4 NPs. The detection effect of the N-HCS/Fe3O4 NPs electrochemical sensor on ofloxacin (OFL) was evaluated using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The results showed that the limit of detection (LOD) of the electrochemical sensor was 0.028 μM (S/N = 3), and the sensitivity was 0.023 μA/μM in the linear working range of 0.096–40 μM. The electrochemical sensor has satisfactory interference rejection and good stability, and has been successfully applied to the detection of actual OFL-contaminated water. This work highlights the superiority of in-situ growth of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on N-HCS for high-efficiency electrochemical OFL contamination detection.

CoP2O6-Assisted Copper/Carbon Catalyst for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Formate.

Reducing CO2 into value-added chemicals and fuels by electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2ER) in an aqueous medium is considered a potential way to store intermittent renewable energy and alleviate the energy crisis. Cu-based catalysts are a common electrocatalyst used in CO2ER. However, selectivity has always been a difficult problem to solve, especially in terms of the production of C1 products. Based on the characteristics of the carbon framework and the CoP2O6 species, herein, Cu and CoP2O6 co-anchored N-doped hollow carbon spheres (CoP2O6/HCS-Cu) with a precisely controllable copper content were prepared, in order to produce formate with a high current density and Faraday efficiency from CO2ER. The ratio of copper to cobalt has a strong influence on the catalytic performance of the catalyst. In addition, the experimental results and density functional theory calculations show that CoP2O6 is an important factor in promoting the formation of formate.

Synergistic effect of selectively etched CoFe and N-doped hollow carbon spheres for high performance lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) feature benefits of high theoretical specific capacity, but they are severely constrained by the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides and volume expansion in the process. To address these issues, CoFe nano particles covered in N-doped carbon (SE-CoFe@NC) layer were prepared by bimetallic-organic skeleton pyrolysis method and used as cathode matrix for LSBs. The nitrogen-carbon shell layer and polar CoFe-alloy nanoparticles provide plentiful chemisorption sites for polysulfides, and the alloy is essential for accelerating the redox conversion of polysulfides. Nitrogen-doped carbon layer promotes ion/electron transport and the nitrogen doping is generally considered to have a strong adsorption effect on polysulfides, with the hollow carbon spheres acting synergistically in promoting electrolyte penetration, enhancing sulfur loading capacity and accommodating sulfur expansion during cycling. Take advantage of these benefits, the S@CoFe/NC-80 composite cathode exhibits strong adsorption capability of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), efficient reaction kinetics and stable cycling performance (reversible capacity of 617 mAh g−1 at 0.2C after 200 cycles, and when the charging/discharging rate reaches 1C, it maintains a reversible discharge capacity of 490 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles with a per-cycle decay rate of only 0.05%). The synergistic effect of the dual properties of the catalytic activity of the CoFe alloy and the conductive hollow nitrogen-carbon layer provides a viable solution for the appropriate design of bimetallic alloy structures and promotes further applications.

Hollow N-doped carbon spheres with anchored single-atom Fe sites for efficient electrocatalytic oxygen reduction

We anchored atomically dispersed Fe-N4 sites on hollow N-doped carbon spheres (Fe SAs/HNCSs-800) for electrocatalytic ORR; the obtained material exhibited electrocatalytic activity and stability comparable to that of commercial Pt/C, with an onset potential of 0.925 V and a half-wave potential of 0.867 V. Aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy results confirmed the presence of highly dispersed Fe single atoms in Fe SAs/HNCSs-800. The results of experiments and theoretical calculations show that the single-atom dispersed Fe-N4 serve as the ORR active sites, and the adjacent C defects can effectively regulate the electronic structure of Fe atoms and improve the electrocatalytic ORR activity.

N-doped carbon hollow spheres supported N-doped carbon nanotubes for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption

Hierarchical and hollow heteronanostructures had attached wide attention in electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption fields due to their adjustable impedance matching and loss property. However, fabrication of well-defined heteronanomaterials with hierarchical and hollow features is challenging. Here, we develop a simple method to prepare N-doped carbon hollow spheres supported by N-doped carbon nanotubes (Ni@NCNT/NCHSs). Due to the hierarchical and hollow features, the Ni@NCNT/NCHSs exhibit high-efficiency EMW absorption performance. With a thickness only 1.6 mm, the optimized heteronanostructure has an RLmin of −64.75 dB and an EAB of 4.17 GHz. The experimental results demonstrate that the hierarchical and hollow heteronanostructures have significantly enhanced dielectric loss and conductive loss of the Ni@NCNT/NCHSs as well as the impedance matching characteristics, which are responsible for their enhanced EMW absorption performances. This work presents an effective method to synthesize hierarchical and hollow heteronanostructures for high-performance EMW absorption.

Hollow carbon spheres decorated by silver nanocubes as the advanced aptasensing interface for sensitive and selective tracing of methamphetamine in human biofluids

This study presents a sensitive and selective aptasensor for the detection of trace amounts of MAMP. The aptasensing principle relies on modifying the planar screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with the synthesized nanostructures of N-doped hollow carbon spheres (N-HCSs) and silver nanocubes (AgNCs). The nanocomposite has presented high active surface area and more electron transfer ability than bare SPCE surface. Furthermore, AgNCs in the nanocomposite acts as a linker to load high amounts of aptamer (Apt) biocaptures on the modified SPCE surface. By MAMP incubation on the embedded interface sensing, Apt arm wrapped around MAMP and the more space barrier induced on the surface and reduced the electrochemical signal of ferro/ferri cyanide as the anion redox probe. The aptasensor affinity toward MAMP led to a wide linear dynamic range (LDR) value from 1.00 pM to 50.00 mM with a low limit of detection (LOD) value of 3.33 × 10−4 pM compared to other electrochemical sensors with no significant interference from other common species. The aptasensor efficiency for MAMP measurement was satisfactory evaluated in some spiked and non-spiked serum, urine and saliva samples from a healthy and addicted person for MAMP. These acceptable results may promise the reliability of the proposed methodology for routine MAMP tests, especially saliva monitoring as the non-invasive analysis. The sensitivity and selectivity of the aptasensor, which is a bonus to accurate and valid discrimination of MAMP, holds great promise to provide technical support for routine analysis of real-world clinical samples.

Regulation of Impedance Matching and Dielectric Loss Properties of N-Doped Carbon Hollow Nanospheres Modified With Atomically Dispersed Cobalt Sites for Microwave Energy Attenuation.

The rational design of lightweight, broad-band, and high-performance microwave absorbers is urgently required for addressing electromagnetic pollution issue. Metal single atoms (M-SAs) absorbers receive considerable interest in the field of microwave absorption due to the unique electronic structures of M-SAs. However, the simultaneous engineering of the morphology and electronic structure of M-SAs based absorbers remains challenging. Herein, a template-assisted method is utilized to fabricate isolated Co-SAs on N-doped hollow carbon spheres (NHCS@Co-SAs) for high-performance microwave absorption. The combination of atomically dispersed Co sites and hollow supports endows NHCS@Co-SAs with excellent microwave absorption properties. Typically, at an ultralow filler content of 8wt%, the minimum reflection loss and effective absorption bandwidth of the NHCS@Co-SAs are up to -44.96dB and 5.25GHz, respectively, while the absorbing thickness is only 2mm. Theoretical calculations and experimental results indicate that the impedance matching characteristic and dielectric loss of the NHCSs can be tuned via the introduction of M-SAs, which are responsible for the excellent microwave absorption properties of NHCS@Co-SAs. This work provides an atomic-level insight into the relationship between the electronic states of absorbers and their microwave absorption properties for developing advanced microwave absorbers.

Earth-abundant Co nanoparticles encapsulated in N-doped hollow carbon sphere for highly selective hydrodeoxygenation of biomass-derived vanillin

Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of lignin-derived bio-oils to value-added biofuels is of great importance to efficient utilization of renewable biomass. Precisely tailoring the surface microenvironment of supported metal nanocatalysts plays a significant role in regulating the interaction between reactants and catalytic active sites and facilitates the acquiring of high-performance HDO catalysts for lignin upgrading. Herein, we report a step-economic synthesis of N-doped hollow carbon sphere encapsulated with Co nanoreactors (Co@NHCS-X, X: 700-1000) via the template-directed in-situ crystallization of Co-based ZIF-67 (zeolite imidazolate framework) and pyrolysis process. The optimized Co@NHCS-900 nanocatalyst presented a 100% conversion and 96% selectivity towards valuable 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (MMP) biofuel through HDO of bio-oils-based vanillin. Such excellent catalytic performance was attributed to the specific structure properties and surface microenvironment of Co@NHCS nanocatalysts. It was demonstrated that the electronic interaction between embedded Co nanoparticles and surface nitrogen species of NHCS nanoreactors constructed desired microenvironment and generated abundant surface Co active species, which could effectively enhance activation capabilities of reactants and intermediate, and achieve highly selective HDO of vanillin to MMP via promoted adsorptions of CO/CO bonds as confirmed by intrinsic kinetic evaluations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Moreover, a two-step of hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis tandem reaction pathway of vanillin HDO to MMP and the corresponding catalytic reaction mechanism were proposed. Besides, the hierarchical porous structure of NHCS facilitated the dispersion and stabilization of encapsulated Co nanoparticles and endowed Co@NHCS-900 nanocatalyst with good stability in recycling tests. This work provided new insights into rational design of efficient and stable metal nanocatalysts for biomass conversion.

Highly Efficient Electrochemical Sensing of Acetaminophen by Cobalt Oxide-Embedded Nitrogen-Doped Hollow Carbon Spheres.

With respect to sensor application investigations, hollow mesoporous carbon sphere-based materials of the spinel type of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) and heteroatom-doped materials are gaining popularity. In this contribution, dopamine hydrochloride (DA) and cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) precursors were employed to construct a highly homogeneous Co3O4-embedded N-doped hollow carbon sphere (Co3O4@NHCS) by a straightforward one-step polymerization procedure. The resulting Co3O4@NHCS materials may effectively tune the surface area, defect sites, and doping amount of N and Co elements by altering the loading amount of CoPc. The relatively high surface area, greater spherical wall thickness, enriched defect sites, and better extent of N and Co sites are all visible in the best 200 mg loaded Co3O4@NHCS-2 material. This leads to significant improvement in pyridine and graphitic N site concentrations, which offers exceptional electrochemical performance. Electrochemical analysis was used to study the electrocatalytic activity of Co3O4@NHCSs towards the sensing of pharmacologically active significant compounds (acetaminophen). Excellent sensor properties include the linear range (0.001-0.2 and 1.0-8.0 mM), sensitivity, limit of detection (0.07 and 0.11 μM), and selectivity in the modified Co3O4@NHCSs/GCE. The authentic sample (acetaminophen tablet) produces a satisfactory result when used practically.

Steering the oxygen reduction reaction pathways of N-carbon hollow spheres by heteroatom doping

An original strategy was reported to manipulate ORR selectivity of N-doped hollow mesoporous carbon spheres (N-HMCS) via heteroatom (P and S) doping. Heteroatom doping can not only modulate electronic structure of N-HMCS and proportion/configuration of doped N, but also regulate ORR pathway. Specifically, rich-graphitic N sites and electron-rich C–P bond domains in N,P-HMCS act as electron donors, making *OOH more unstable and easier to desorb into H2O2. This severely distorts the sp2 lattice of graphene, catalyzing a two-electron ORR synergistically. Conversely, a strong interaction between electron-deficient C–S bond domain and *OOH intermediate due to the introduction of highly electronegative S hinders the desorption of *OOH, leading to the breakage of the O–O bond and promoting four-electron ORR along with the rich-pyridinic N receptor site. The reaction activity and kinetics mechanism present a positive correlation with proportion of graphitic N, revealing graphitic N is the primary active site with a much faster electron transfer capacity.

Tuning Lithiophilic Sites of Ag-Embedded N-Doped Carbon Hollow Spheres via Intentional Blocking Strategy for Ultrastable Li Metal Anode in Rechargeable Batteries

Tuning Lithiophilic Sites of Ag-Embedded N-Doped Carbon Hollow Spheres via Intentional Blocking Strategy for Ultrastable Li Metal Anode in Rechargeable Batteries

N-Doped Hollow Carbon Sphere and Polyhedral Carbon Composite Supported Pt/Fe Nanoparticles as Highly Efficient Cathodic Catalysts of Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

With the growing energy crisis, people urgently need green energy sources to replace fossil ones. As a zero-emission clean energy source, the proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has received growing attention from researchers due to its broad practical application. However, so far only noble metal Pt can be used as a mature cathodic catalyst for PEMFC to effectively promote the slow kinetic process of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, a low Pt-loading carbon-based catalyst (pCN@NHCS-Fe/Pt-280) with hollow carbon spheres (HCSs), metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) structure was synthesized by the thermal reduction of platinum acetylacetonate and pCN@NHCS-Fe. Compared with the benchmark Pt/C catalyst, pCN@NHCS-Fe/Pt-280 presents low cost, and its ORR onset potential (Eonset = 0.971 VRHE) and half-wave potential (E1/2 = 0.883 VRHE) in acidic media are comparable to those of 40% Pt/C (Eonset = 0.965 VRHE, E1/2 = 0.883 VRHE). In the durability test for ORR, its current retention percentage (92.3%) is still higher than 40% Pt/C (86.7%) after 10 000 s of the constant potential test, and its cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear scan voltammetry (LSV) profiles after 500 cycles exhibit outstanding stability. Moreover, pCN@NHCS-Fe/Pt-280 quickly recovers to 79.1% of the initial value after adding methanol, while 40% Pt/C can recover only to 72.3%, indicating a superior ability in antialcohol oxidation. In addition, the maximum power density of pCN@NHCS-Fe/Pt-280 (518.7 mW cm–2) as the cathode catalyst of PEMFC in the H2–air cell test is also higher than that of Pt/C (515.3 mW cm–2), while its power density is lower than that of Pt/C in the H2–O2 cell test at different pressures due to the high-temperature influence at high current densities. This work provides a valuable idea for the design of multistructured (HCSs, MOFs, CNTs, etc.) electrocatalysts and a feasible strategy for the development of low-Pt-loaded ORR catalysts.