Myxosporean Research Articles

История формирования и особенности фауны миксоспоридий рыб Понто-Каспийского бассейна

Рассмотрена история становления фауны миксоспоридий рыб Понто-Каспийского бассейна. Работа основана на оригинальном материале по миксоспоридиям рыб Чёрного моря (собран в 1987–2018 гг.) и Азовского моря (1997–2016). Всего исследованы 15 368 экз. рыб 87 видов (14 297 экз. рыб 80 видов в Чёрном море и 1071 экз. рыб 19 видов в Азовском). Материал собран методом неполных паразитологических вскрытий и обработан по общепринятым методикам. Также проанализированы все доступные литературные источники по миксоспоридиям черноморских, азовских и каспийских рыб (в библиографическом списке указаны только наиболее значимые публикации). Проведён сравнительный анализ фауны миксоспоридий рыб Чёрного, Азовского и Каспийского морей. Указано, что всего в Чёрном море известно 108 видов этих паразитов, в Азовском море — 42, в Каспийском море — 68. Общими для фауны миксоспоридий рыб Азовского и Чёрного морей являются 32 вида, Каспийского и Чёрного — 32, Азовского и Каспийского — 20. Во всех трёх морях встречаются 16 видов миксоспоридий. К настоящему времени из 108 видов миксоспоридий в Чёрном море 29 обнаружены исключительно в пресноводных рыбах, обитающих в устьях рек и лиманах со значительным опреснением. Для 79 видов хозяевами служат морские виды рыб, встречающиеся в основном в полносолёной части моря. Из них 17 имеют пресноводное происхождение: 7 видов встречаются в пресноводных рыбах и эвригалинных кефалях, 1 является паразитом пресноводных и морских лососевых рыб, а 9 имеют хозяевами только кефалей или других видов морских рыб. Морские формы представлены эндемиками: понтическими (22 вида), понто-азовскими (3) и понто-каспийскими (2), а также средиземноморскими вселенцами (35 видов). Среди пресноводных миксоспоридий только 1 вид эндемичен для Чёрного моря и 1 является понто-азовским эндемиком; большинство остальных видов широко представлено в пресных водоёмах. Среди средиземноморских вселенцев следует отметить 23 вида, найденных в Средиземном море; 12 видов пока не встречены в Средиземном море (вероятно, главным образом из-за слабой изученности в нём этой группы паразитов). Фауна миксоспоридий рыб Азовского моря насчитывает 42 вида миксоспоридий, 32 из которых найдены в Чёрном море, 20 — в Каспийском. К пресноводным видам, паразитирующим исключительно в пресноводных видах рыб, относятся 19. Ещё 10 видов имеют пресноводное происхождение, но встречаются и в морских видах рыб (преимущественно в кефалевых, а один вид — в бычковых). Из пресноводных видов 1 является понто-азовским эндемиком. К морским относятся 13 видов миксоспоридий: 2 азовских эндемика, 3 понто-азовских эндемика, 8 средиземноморских вселенцев. Из 68 видов миксоспоридий рыб Каспийского моря 8 являются морскими (1 древнеморской вид, 1 понто-каспийский эндемик, 6 солоноватоводных миксоспоридий), 60 — пресноводными. Эндемиков Каспийского моря известно 5 (2 вида морского происхождения и 3 — пресноводного). Установлено, что при продвижении с запада на восток (от Чёрного моря к Каспийскому) наблюдается постепенное обеднение фауны морских миксоспоридий и замещение её фауной пресноводных видов. Отмечено также обеднение видового состава миксоспоридий рыб Азовского и Каспийского морей по сравнению с таковым Чёрного моря.

Morphometric and molecular characterization of Thelohanellus catlae infecting the gills of Indian major carp catla, Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822) from West Bengal, India

The morphometric and molecular characterization of Thelohanellus catlae a new myxozoan belonging to genus Thelohanellus Kudo, 1933 (Myxosporea:Bivalvulida) infecting the gills of Catla catla were described in this study. The infection was observed as irregular, milky whitish, cyst-like plasmodia (up to 2.0-3.0 mm in diameter) attached to the gill filaments of the host fish. Each spore has a single pyriform polar capsule. Spores measured about 20.4±0.69 (19.3-21.4) × im long and 11.5± 0.63 (10.7-12.4) im wide. The polar capsule was 12.3±0.70 (10.7- 13.9) im long and 10.95± 0.28 (9.7-12.9) im wide. Sequencing of 18S rRNA gene of the new myxozoan revealed 98% sequence homology between the 18S rRNA gene of T.catlae. Phylogenetic analysis showed T. catlae within the clade of gill infecting myxosporeans and closed together with T. catlae. The importance of myxosporeans introduction to new locations along with infected cultured host is emphasized.

The state of knowledge of the parasitic fauna of the pike Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 in Poland in the 50th anniversary of the publication of the Catalogue of Parasitic Fauna of Poland. Part II. Parasites of Cyclostomes and Fish by Jadwiga Grabda

Parasites of pike Esox lucius from freshwater and brackish water in Poland are listed. This checklist summarized data published in Catalogue of Parasitic Fauna of Poland. Part II. Parasites of Cyclostomes and Fish by Jadwiga Grabda and later data from original studies. Parasites are listed alphabetically in higher taxa with their location in host and distribution in Polish waters with references. Parasites belonging to the higher taxa as Protista – 11 records, Myxosporea – 6, Digenea – 17, Monogenea – 2, Cestoda – 9, Nematoda – 7, Acanthocephala – 7, Hirudinida – 5, Mollusca – unidentified glochidia, Crustacea – 6, were found. The most frequently noted parasites have been Azygia lucii, Diplostomum spp., Tylodelphys clavata, Tetraonchus monenteron, Triaenophorus nodulosus, Raphidascaris acus and Ergasilus sieboldi.

Description of Triangulamyxa psittaca sp. nov. (Myxozoa: Myxosporea), a New Parasite in the Urinary Bladder of Colomesus psittacus (Teleostei) from the Amazon River, with Emphasis on the Ultrastructure of Plasmodial Stages

A fish-infecting myxosporean was found in the urinary bladder of the teleostean Colomesus psittacus, collected from the Amazon River, Brazil. Specimens were sampled in three different periods: May and June, with water temperature ranging from 18-23oC; August, with water temperature ranging from 24-28oC; and November and December, with water temperature ranging from 29-32oC. Upon observation, several fish displayed abnormal behaviour, consisting of erratic movements, and mortality was recorded among them. Necropsy of all sampled fishes revealed hypertrophy of the urinary bladder only among specimens previously displaying the irregular behaviour. Microscopic analysis of this organ confirmed the parasitic infection, resulting in the observation of spores floating free in the urine, and numerous plasmodia attached to the epithelium of the urinary bladder. Light and ultrastructural studies allowed recognition of the spores and plasmodia morphological characteristics. Coelozoic plasmodia were polysporic with varying organizational structure, according to the sampling period. Spores were equilaterally triangular with rounded ends in valvar view, measuring 8.8 ± 0.4 μm (n = 30) in length and 8.4 ± 0.5 μm (n = 30) in width, and displaying a ridge surface pattern. Two polar capsules were observed in the anterior end of the spores, measuring 3.1-3.2 μm in diameter. The spores were morphologically identified as belonging to the recently described genus Triangulamyxa. Further observation and comparison to the morphological features described for Triangulamyxa amazonica, the only other species within this genus, allowed us to conclude our parasite as a new species, herein named Triangulamyxa psittaca sp. nov. from the Amazon River, Brazil. Also, three different stages were distinguished in the plasmodium evolution, based on the observed morphological features at the three sampling periods. Fish sampled during May and June displayed small plasmodia (up to ~ 15-20 μm long), containing early stages of sporogenic development. Fish sampled during November and December presented larger plasmodia (up to ~ 850 μm long), which appeared flattened against and lining the urinary bladder epithelial cells and contained the later stages of sporogenic development, including some mature spores. Fish sampled during August presented plasmodia displaying intermediate morphological features between those observed in infected fish from the other sampling periods. Several immature and mature spores were among the different developmental stages. The parasite-host interface evolution is described throughout the different observed stages, with emphasis on the formation of septate junctions. Considering several previous reports, as well as the different environmental conditions during the sampling periods, the plasmodium development here described appears to be influenced by environmental factors, namely water temperature.

Structure and population dynamics of myxobolus infections in wild and cultured Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758 in the Noun division (West-Cameroon)

Myxosporidian parasites of Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758 from the Noun River at Kouoptamo and the Foumban fish ponds in west Cameroon, were investigated from May 2008 to June 2009. Out of 537 Tilapia (267 cultivated and 270 wild) examined, 64.8% (n=173) specimens from the fish farming and 61.1% (n=165) from the Noun River harbored Myxosporean parasites. A total of ten parasite species were found. Myxobolus kainjiae, Myxobolus sarigi were scarce in both study sites; Myxobolus Tilapiae, Myxobolus equatorialis scarce in Foumban and Kouoptamo, respectively. M. agolus, M. brachysporus, M. camerounensis, M. equatorialis, Myxobolus Heterosporus, Myxobolus israelensiswere secondary in the two sites. M. Tilapiae, M. equatorialis appeared secondary in the Noun River and the fish ponds respectively. Myxosporean spores were most encountered in the kidney (61.3 and 49.0%, respectively in cultured and wild fish) and the spleen (50.5% in Foumban and 47.5% in Kouoptamo) but no host sex preference was found. In the Foumban fish farm site, high significant infection rate was observed for M. tilapiae, M. camerounensis and M. israelensis during the rainy season, while in the Noun River, no significant seasonal effect was found. Older hosts were significantly most infected at the fish ponds while youngs Tilapia were most commonly infected in the River. Key words: Myxosporean, Oreochromis niloticus, prevalence, fish-farm, Noun River, Cameroon.

Two New Families and a New Species of Myxosporeans (Myxozoa, Myxosporea) of the Mediterranean and Black Sea Fishes

Two New Families and a New Species of Myxosporeans (Myxozoa, Myxosporea) of the Mediterranean and Black Sea FishesDescriptions of two new families — Polysporoplasmidae fam. n. (Syn. Sphaerosporidae Davis, 1917 in Sitja-Bobadilla, Alvarez-Pellitero, 1995) and Gadimyxidae fam. n. (syn. Parvicapsulidae Schulman, 1953 in Kie et al., 2007), and one new species of myxosporeans —Gadimyxa ovalesp. n. — parasites of fishes of the Mediterranean and the Black Seas are presented. Species of the genus Gadimyxa is found for the first time in the Black Sea.

The Potential of Oligochaeta as Intermediate Host of Myxosporea Parasite in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus)

<p>Three genera of oligochaeta, i.e. <em>Branchiura sowerbyi, Limnodrillus</em> sp. and <em>Lumbriculus</em> sp. were fed on spores of <em>Myxobolus artus</em> before predated to juvenile of <em>Cyprinus carpio</em>. Spores of myxosporean were found on the fish, which get <em>Limnodrillus</em>. But those spores show different characters from spores of <em>M. artus</em>.</p> <p>Key words: Myxosporean, <em>Myxobolus artus</em>, oligochaeta, <em>Branchiura sowerbyi</em>, <em>Limnodrillus</em>, <em>Lumbriculus</em>, <em>Cyprinus carpio</em></p> <p align="center"> </p> <h1>ABSTRAK</h1> <p>Spora <em>Myxobolus artus </em>yang berasal dari ikan mas ditularkan kembali melalui rantai makanan kepada ikan mas berumur 50 hari. Inang antara yang digunakan adalah oligocheta jenis <em>Branchiura sowerbyi, Limnodrillus </em>sp. dan <em>Lumbriculus </em>sp. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa ikan mas yang mendapat <em>Limnodrillus </em>terinfeksi oleh myxosporea yang berbeda dari <em>M.artus</em>.</p> <p>Kata kunci: Myxosporea, <em>Myxobolus artus</em>, oligochaeta, <em>Branchiura sowerbyi</em>, <em>Limnodrillus</em>, <em>Lumbriculus</em>, <em>Cyprinus carpio</em></p>

Cytopathology of Ceratomyxa sp. (Myxosporea) hyperparasitized with the microsporidan Nosema ceratomyxae

Cytopathology of Ceratomyxa sp. (Myxosporea) hyperparasitized with the microsporidan Nosema ceratomyxae

5. On a Myxosporidian. Sphærosporn periophthalmi, sp. n., found in African and Indian Mudskippers (Pisces), and its possible significance.

5. On a Myxosporidian. <i>Sphærosporn periophthalmi</i>, sp. n., found in African and Indian Mudskippers (Pisces), and its possible significance.

On a new myxosporidian of the family Glugeidæ

On a new myxosporidian of the family Glugeidæ