Myxoid Type Research Articles

CT and MR imaging findings of head and neck chondrosarcoma.

This study investigated the imaging features of head and neck chondrosarcoma (HNCS) according to its origin and pathologic subtype. Patients who were pathologically diagnosed with HNCS between January 2000 and April 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Lesions were classified based on their origin and pathologic subtype. The size and margin were evaluated on the image. Internal calcification and the effects on adjacent bone were assessed using computed tomography (CT) images, while signal intensity and contrast enhancement patterns were analyzed using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Thirteen HNCSs were included in this study: 8 bone tumors (61.5%) and 5 soft tissue tumors (38.5%). The bone tumors were pathologically diagnosed as conventional (n = 5) and mesenchymal type (n = 3). Soft tissue tumors were defined as myxoid type. The main symptoms were swelling (90.9%) and pain (72.7%). The lesions measured 4.5cm on average. The margins showed benign and well-defined except for the mesenchymal type. On CT, most bone tumors (75%) showed internal calcification with remodeling or destruction of the adjacent bone. No soft tissue tumors, except one case, showed internal calcification or destruction of the adjacent bone. MR imaging features were non-specific (T2 high signal intensity and contrast enhancement). HCNS showed various imaging findings according to their origin and pathologic subtype. HNCS should be differentiated if a bone tumor shows internal calcification and affects the adjacent bone. When diagnosing slow-growing soft tissue tumors, even if low possibility, HNCS should be considered.

Orbital liposarcoma: a retrospective, single-center study of thirteen patients.

To explore the clinical and pathological characteristics of thirteen patients with orbital liposarcoma. The clinical history data of thirteen patients diagnosed as orbital liposarcoma at Beijing Tongren Hospital, from 2006 to 2021 were collected and analyzed. The data includes age, gender, affected orbital side, course of disease, status of disease (primary or recurrent), clinical manifestations, preoperative visual acuity, operative treatment, the relations between liposarcoma and surrounding tissue, longest diameter of liposarcoma, histological subtype, immunohistochemical indicators, follow-up treatment and prognosis. The initial symptoms are diverse. Proptosis is the most frequent chief complaint and the others included vision loss, epiphora, diplopia, and eyelid palpable mass. Results of imaging examination [computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)] showed orbital mass. In terms of treatment, 10 patients received tumor resection, and the mean longest diameter of the tumor was 3.39±1.36 cm. The other 3 patients had optic nerve invaded, so they received orbital exenteration. Pathological examination results confirmed the diagnose of liposarcoma for 13 patients. Six patients displayed as myxoid type, and three patients in each type of dedifferentiated and well-differentiated type. One patient was verified as pleomorphic, which was a rare type of liposarcoma. All of the patients showed Vimentin positive, and most showed CD34 and S-100 positive. Besides, four patients showed smooth muscle actin positive. All thirteen patients were alive. Orbital liposarcoma is a rare disease and it has no specific clinical manifestation. The diagnosis of liposarcoma should be considered when proptosis and orbital mass occurred in orbit. It is recommended to perform pathological examination to achieve early detection and early treatment.

Mixed-type Retroperitoneal Liposarcoma—A Combination of the Well-differentiated and Myxoid Types: Case Report and Literature Review

Mixed-type Retroperitoneal Liposarcoma—A Combination of the Well-differentiated and Myxoid Types: Case Report and Literature Review

Spinal Nerve Sheath Myxoma

Nerve sheath myxoma (NSM) is a rare myxoid form of schwannoma, which is a benign tumor that usually grows in the same place. They usually arise from small cutaneous nerves in the head, neck, and extremities, but exceptionally, they have also been reported to develop in the spinal canal. Here we describe a case of spinal NSM. The patient was a 4-month-old male who presented with incomplete tetra paresis. Spine magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-demarcated small intradural extramedullary mass at the T10-L1 level. The tumor has typical histological features of myxoid type NSM with myxoid lobules that are separated by fibrous septa or bands of more compact cellular area. Nerve sheath myxomas should be included in the differential diagnosis of spinal canal tumors. Ultrastructural observation of tumor cefis with perineurial, fibroblast-like, and Schwann differentiation suggests an origin from nerve sheath precursor cefis.

ORAL MUCOCELES: A CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF 401 CASES WITH EMPHASIS ON UNUSUAL HISTOLOGICAL VARIANTS

<h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to describe the clinicopathologic features of an oral mucoceles series, with emphasis on their unusual histologic variants. <h3>Study Design</h3> Between 2000 and 2018, all cases of oral mucoceles diagnosed at an oral pathology unit were analyzed. All slides stained in hematoxylin-eosin were reviewed for confirmation of diagnosis and detailed description. The collected data were analyzed in absolute and relative numbers for all described variables. <h3>Results</h3> Four hundred and one cases of oral mucoceles were diagnosed. There was a predilection for females (58.6%) and the most affected site was the lower lip (78.8%). The mean evolution time was 6 months, with a mean size of 8.9 mm. Excisional biopsy was the treatment of choice for most cases (68.1%). Among the unusual histopathologic features (<i>n</i> = 83; 20.8%), superficial mucoceles (30.1%), a significant reduction in lumen (26.5%), dissociation of collagen fibers (18.1%), myxoglobulosis (12.1%), papillary synovial metaplasia-like changes (10.8%), and clear cell changes (2.4%) were observed. The most predominant mucus was of the myxoid type (56.1%). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Oral mucoceles may present unusual histologic variations, but they do not seem to alter the clinical behavior of the lesion.

La celularidad y su relación con las características capsulares como factor influyente en las estrategias operatorias del adenoma pleomorfo

This study investigates the relationship between cellularity and capsular characteristics of pleomorphic adenoma and its influence on operative strategies. The capsular characteristics and clinical data of patients with pleomorphic adenomas were reviewed according to Seifert's definition: (1) classic type with balanced amount of cells and stroma, (2) myxoid type with abundant ground substance, interspersed spindle cells, and (3) cellular type with predominance of ductal trabecular structures and little stroma. The immunoreactivity of cellular proliferation (Ki-67) was semi-quantitatively measured using immunohistochemistry. Variables were analyzed using Fisher's test and one-way ANOVA, with (p < 0.05) considered statistically significant. The duration of presence was associated with cellularity (p = 0.01). In terms of capsular characteristics, satellite nodules and positive resection margins were not related to cellularity, except for incomplete capsules (p = 0.03). There was no difference in the staining scores of Ki-67 (p = 0.12). Lower cellularity reflects higher probability of an incomplete capsule, requiring more consideration for operative strategies to prevent recurrence.

Myxoid type and non-myxoid type of intimal sarcoma in large vessels and heart: review of histological and genetic profiles of 20 cases.

Intimal sarcoma is one of the most common and well-known primary malignant neoplasms of the aorta and heart. The authors reviewed cases of intimal sarcoma from histological, immunohistochemical and genetic perspectives. Twenty cases of intimal sarcoma were retrieved. Immunohistochemistry and FISH of MDM2 and PDGFRA genes were performed. All 20 tumours were composed of spindle-shaped, stellate, oval or polygonal tumour cells with irregular hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in a haphazard pattern, accompanied by nuclear pleomorphism and frequent mitotic figures. Other histological findings were as follows: abnormal mitosis in 10 cases (50%), necrosis in 15 cases (75%), myxoid stroma in 12 cases (60%), cartilaginous formation in 1 case (5%), haemorrhage in 12 cases (60%) and fibrinous deposition in 14 cases (70%). The tumours were positive for MDM2 in 16 cases (80%), ERG in 4 cases (20%), alpha-smooth muscle actin in 6 cases (30%), desmin in 5 cases (25%) and AE1/AE3 in 4 cases (20%). Immunohistochemical positivity was focal in each case. Loss of H3K27me3 expression was noted in 2 cases (10%). MDM2 and PDGFRA gene amplifications were detected in 11 cases (55%) and 1 case (5%), respectively. Fisher's exact test revealed a significant correlation between MDM2 gene amplification and myxoid stroma (p = 0.0194). No parameters showed any association with the anatomical location of the tumours. It was suggested that myxoid histology of intimal sarcoma may be associated with MDM2 gene amplification and that intimal sarcoma may be divided into myxoid and non-myxoid types.

CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PARALLELS IN DIFFERENT VARIANTS OF EXUDATIVE LESIONS OF REINKE’S SPACE

Introduction. The prevalence of exudative lesions of Reinke’s space (EPPR) is high and is of particular medical and social significance. Despite the similarity of clinical manifestations and a certain commonality of pathogenesis, there are morphological differences between various forms of EPPR. Purpose. to study the clinical and morphological features of various forms of EPPR. Materials and methods. The sampling of material for the study was carried out intraoperatively in 56 patients aged 28–56 years with a diagnosis of J38.1 Polyp of the vocal fold and larynx. Conducted indirect laryngoscopy and questioning. Tumor excision was performed using an Olympus TYPE 150 fiber bronchoscope (Germany). The material was fixed in 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin. Prepared standard sections, stained with hematoxylin-eosin. For microscopy, a DMRXA microscope (Leika, Germany) was used. Results. All patients presented the same type of complaints of dysphonia, sensation of a foreign body in the throat, cough, regardless of gender and professional affiliation. According to the results of a morphological study, 22 patients were diagnosed with vocal fold polyps, 18 patients with vocal nodules, and 16 patients with Reinke’s edema. Reinke’s edema and myxoid type of polyps had similar morphological features: pronounced edema of the stroma and small cystic infiltration with cavities filled with gelatinous fluid, the predominance of lymphocytes and histiocytes in the tissues. Vocal nodules and polyps of the angiomatous type were characterized by a high specific density of the vascular component, more pronounced circulatory disorders, and tissue infiltration with fibroblasts. Discussion. Despite the similar clinical manifestations and the commonality of the mechanisms of the formation of EPPR, which consist in increased permeability and fragility of the capillary bed against the background of chronic intoxication and phonotrauma, combined with difficulty in outflow of lymph due to the anatomical features of the lymphatic drainage system of the larynx region, there are morphological features that allow you to clearly differentiate various forms EPPR. Conclusions: the identified morphological features of various forms of EPPR allow us to combine Reinke’s edema and myxoid polyps into one clinical and morphological subgroup, and vocal nodules and angiomatous type of polyps into another.

Possibilities of Diffusion-Weighted MRI in the Differential Diagnosis of Early Recurrences of Retroperitoneal Liposarcomas and Postoperative Changes

Purpose: To evaluate contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE‑MRI) and diffusion-weighted (DWI) in the detection and differential diagnosis of recurrent of retroperitoneal liposarcomas with postoperative changes.Material and methods: The retrospective study included of 23 patients previously operated on for retroperitoneal inorganic liposarcomas. All patients underwent MRI of the abdominal cavity and pelvis with intravenous contrast with further assessment of the size, shape, structure and characteristics of the accumulation of contrast agent in the detected formation.Results: Morphological verification were performed in 17 patients (74 %), in 6 cases (26 %) patients were left for dynamic control for 1–3 years. Local relapses were detected in 16 patients (67 %), postoperative changes — in 7 (33 %) patients, of which in 2 cases deformation of adipose tissue and fibrotic changes in the area of surgery was determined, in 3 patients granulomas were revealed, and in two patients — volvulus of the greater omentum and lymphocele. The sensitivity of MRI with intravenous contrast enhancement was 68.7 %, specificity 71.4 % and accuracy 69.6 %. The addition of DWI to the standard MRI protocol in patients with suspected recurrence of retroperitoneal liposarcoma to increase the sensitivity of the method in the differential diagnosis of recurrent drugs from postoperative changes to 93.7 % (15 out of 16), specificity up to 100 % (7 out of 7) and accuracy up to 95.6 % (22 out of 23).Conclusion: The joint use of MRI with intravenous contrast and DW‑MRI increases the information content in the detection and differential diagnosis of small-sized recurrent tumors in dedifferentiated and myxoid types of liposarcomas with postoperative changes.

Adrenal cancer: relevance of different grading systems and subtypes

PurposeThe subclassification of adrenal cancers according to the WHO classification in ordinary, myxoid, oncocytic, and sarcomatoid as well as pediatric types is well established, but the criteria for each subtype are not sufficiently determined and the relative frequency of the different types of adrenal cancers has not been studied in large cohorts. Therefore, our large collection of surgically removed adrenal cancers should be reviewed o establish the criteria for the subtypes and to find out the frequency of the various types.MethodsIn our series of 521 adrenal cancers the scoring systems of Weiss et al., Hough et al., van Slooten et al. and the new Helsinki score system were used for the ordinary type of cancer (97% of our series) and the myxoid type (0.8%). For oncocytic carcinomas (2%), the scoring system of Bisceglia et al. was applied.ResultsDiscrepancies between benign and malignant diagnoses from the first thee classical scoring systems are not rare (22% in our series) and could be resolved by the Helsinki score especially by Ki-67 index (more than 8% unequivocally malignant). Since all our cancer cases are positive in the Helsinki score, this system can replace the three elder systems. For identification of sarcomatoid cancer as rarest type in our series (0.2%), the scoring systems are not practical but additional immunostainings used for soft tissue tumors and in special cases molecular pathology are necessary to differentiate these cancers from adrenal sarcomas. According to the relative frequencies of the different subtypes of adrenal cancers the main type is the far most frequent (97%) followed by the oncocytic type (2%), the myxoid type (0.8%) and the very rare sarcomatoid type (0.2%).ConclusionsThe Helsinki score is the best for differentiating adrenal carcinomas of the main, the oncocytic, and the myxoid type in routine work. Additional scoring systems for these carcinomas are generally not any longer necessary. Signs of proliferation (mitoses and Ki-67 index) and necroses are the most important criteria for diagnosis of malignancy.

Subungual myxoid neurothekeoma of the toe: A rare entity

Myxoid neurothekeomas are rare benign soft-tissue tumors that are considered to be of the nerve sheath origin. They usually occur in young most commonly on the upper extremities, head, and neck, with a predilection for the female population. Based on histomorphological appearance and immunohistochemical findings, there are three variants of neurothekeoma myxoid, cellular, and mixed type. The myxoid type is characterized by a greater degree of myxomatous changes, less cellularity with well-circumscribed spindle cells in the myxoid matrix, and stain positively for S-100. This has to be differentiated from several myxoid soft-tissue tumors. We present a rare case of myxoid neurothekeoma occurring in elderly females in the toe of the lower extremity.

Whole-exome sequencing demonstrates recurrent somatic copy number alterations and sporadic mutations in specialized stromal tumors of the prostate

In a previous array comparative genomic hybridization study, we detected common deletions of chromosomes 13 and 14 in prostatic stromal sarcoma and stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP). In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and fluorescence in situ hybridization to explore somatic mutations in 1 low-grade stromal sarcoma, 1 high-grade stromal sarcoma, and 12 STUMPs including 5 cases of degenerative atypia type, 1 myxoid type, 1 phyllodes type, and 5 cases of recently described round cell type. WES was successful on 13 cases that revealed frequent somatic copy number alterations including losses of chromosomes 13 (11 cases), 14 (11 cases), and 1p (9 cases), and partial or complete loss of chromosome 10 (7 cases). Fluorescence in situ hybridization was done on 9 cases and showed compatible chromosome 13 copy numbers with the WES results. STUMPs and the low-grade stromal sarcoma carried moderate tumor mutation burdens that ranged from 1.23 to 7.24 mutations per megabase, while the high-grade stromal sarcoma harbored a significantly higher mutation burden (11.55 mutations per megabase). Sporadic somatic mutations were observed, but no recurrent driver mutations could be discerned. In conjunction with prior array comparative genomic hybridization, we have demonstrated the consistent gene dosage profiles that support the clonal nature and the concept of specialized stromal tumors of the prostate as a distinctive tumor entity.

Myxoid Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Myxoid type of endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) is a very rare tumor of uterine malignancies. Although several cases about pathologic features for the diagnosis of ESS have been reported, it remains still difficult to find a study of the clinical course, management, and outcome of ESS. Here we report a postmenopausal woman with myxoid ESS of low grade type who had aggressive clinical features. Although adequate progestin therapy was provided followed by total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, they failed to prevent early recurrence of ESS. Following cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy were also proved to be refractory to control the rapid progression of ESS.

Carcinosarcoma of the Pancreas: Case Report of a Rare Type of Pancreatic Neoplasia

Carcinosarcoma of the pancreas: case report of a rare type of pancreatic neoplasia Introduction Carcinosarcoma of the pancreas is a rare type of pancreatic neoplasms and only few cases of carcinosarcoma have been reported in the literature. Carcinosarcoma of the pancreas have cells recognizable as adenocarcinoma as well as sarcomatous components. We present a rare case of pancreatic carcinosarcoma. Case Presentation: An 85 year-old male was transferred to our hospital for further management of pancreatic mass. He presented to outside hospital with complains of abdominal pain, jaundice and weight loss. Imaging showed a mass in the head of the pancreas. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) showed a 7.5 cm X 7.0 cm hypoechoic mass in the head of pancreas (figure 1). EUS guided fine needle biopsy suggested an atypical spindle and myxoid type sacrcoma. No evidence of distant metastasis was identified. An extended pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. We will plan for adjuvant chemotherapy after adequate postoperative recovery. Grossly, the tumor consisted of a 12.0 x12.0 x 8.0 cm soft mass localized in head of the pancreas with extension into duodenum and peripancreatic soft tissue (Figure 2). Histologically, the tumor showed two components. Sections of the tumor showed a high-grade sarcomatoid component with myxoid features, some floret like cells, many mitotic figures and geographic areas of necrosis. There was focal cartilaginous differentiation. In addition there was a glandular component consistent with invasive ductal adenocarcinoma (Figure 3). Immunostains were also used in evaluation and the overall findings were consistent with carcinosarcoma (pT3pNo).Figure 1Figure 2Figure 3Discussion: Carcinosarcomas are rare tumors characterized by a carcinomatous and a sarcomatous component. Carcinosarcomas are predominantly located in the uterus and only few cases of carcinosarcoma of pancreas have been reported in literature. These tumors have cellular elements derived from two different histological origins proliferating in one tumor. Although controversial but several studies have suggested a monoclonal origin for carcinosarcomas using diverse immunohistochemical and molecular analyses. EUS guided core needle biopsy of pancreatic mass was not specific and only showed the sarcomatous component in our patient. Based on the very limited number of reported cases, the prognosis of carcinosarcoma of the pancreas appears dismal.

Combined imaging approach to diagnose a meningioma in a patient with prostate and lung cancers

BACKGROUNDIntracranial chondroid tumors are infrequently seen in neurosurgical practice. These tumors usually arise from cartilaginous synchondroses at the base of the skull, but occasionally from the pluripotential mesenchymal cells of the meninges. We present here a case of classic low-grade giant chondrosarcoma of the falx cerebri. This is only the second case of this variant reported in this location, and we summarize the diagnostic criteria with a brief review of literature.CASE REPORTA 56-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital with a history of progressive right-sided weakness occurring in the last 8 months and a recent grand mal seizure. Radiological evaluation demonstrated a large extra-axial mass in the left parafalcine area, suggesting a possible meningioma. An anterior interhemispheric approach enabled gross total removal of the tumor and a histologic diagnosis of a low-grade classic chondrosarcoma was made. The patient is currently stable and has shown no evidence of recurrence in more than 3 years without any adjuvant treatment.CONCLUSIONSIntracranial cartilaginous tumors include classical, mesenchymal and myxoid chondrosarcomas in addition to benign chondromas. Parafalcine localization should be considered for all these variants as well as for meningiomas, hemangiopericytomas, solitary fibrous tumors, and meningeal metastatic carcinomas. Detailed radiological evaluation, light microscopic and ultrastructural analyses, and immunocytochemistry are essential for correct diagnosis. In contrast to mesenchymal and myxoid types, the prognosis of classic variants is usually good and does not require adjuvant treatment modalities if a radical resection of the tumor can be obtained. Increased documentation of clinical, radiological, and histologic findings as well as response to treatment modalities will provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of these rare tumors, and highlight the optimum treatment strategies

Primary intrathoracic liposarcoma: a clinicopathologic study and prognostic analysis of 23 cases.

BackgroundPrimary intrathoracic liposarcoma is an extremely rare malignancy as well as a rare histologic subtype of intrathoracic sarcoma. Relatively few reports appear in the world literatures. We explored the clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors of this tumor in this study.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data of 23 patients with primary intrathoracic liposarcoma who were treated in Shanghai chest Hospital affiliated to Jiao Tong University, from January 2003 to March 2013. These patients were classified into three groups according to the distinct tumor locations, including mediastinum, pleura and lung liposarcoma. Also, these patients could be divided into four types, including well-differentiated, myxoid, dedifferentiated and pleomorphic liposarcoma. The influences of age, sex, tumor size, tumor location, tumor histologic type and therapy on the prognosis of the patients were analyzed.ResultsThere were no significant difference for survival among distinct liposarcoma locations. However, significant difference for survival among distinct liposarcoma types were observed. Poor disease-free survival (DFS) was observed in the myxoid, pleomorphic and dedifferentiated types as compared to well-differentiated type (P = 0.038). Inferior overall-survival (OS) was observed in dedifferentiated, pleomorphic and myxoid types relative to well-differentiated type (P = 0.027). The radical surgery was a favorable prognostic factor for OS, as demonstrated by the better OS of the radical surgery group as compared to that of the non-radical surgery group ( P = 0.029). Notably, there were no significant differences for DFS and OS in other clinical parameters including tumor size, gender and age. In addition, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy could not improve the prognosis of the patients receiving non-radical surgery or suffering from relapse.ConclusionsThe histological type and the radical surgery are the factors that influence the behavior and prognosis of liposarcoma. In general, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are believed to be ineffective therapeutic modalities for survival. So it is essential to completely resect the primary intrathoracic liposarcoma as radical cure of the disease.

Potential biomarker for human uterine leiomyosarcoma.

Sarcomas are a rare form of malignant tumor, with less than 15,000 new cases being diagnosed each year in the United States. In spite of their rarity, sarcomas are highly debilitating malignancies that are often associated with significant morbidity and mortality. They are also biologically very heterogeneous because they originate from many different tissues and cell types. Sarcomas have classically been defined by their tissue of origin and are additionally stratified according to their histopathology or the age of the patient at diagnosis. Uterine mesenchymal tumors that develop in the myometrium have traditionally been divided into benign uterine usual LMA, cellular LMA and malignant Ut-LMS based on cytological atypia, mitotic activity and other criteria. Ut-LMS is relatively rare, having an estimated annual incidence of 0.64 per 100,000 women [1], and is resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy; therefore, surgical interventions are virtually the only means of treatment [2, 3]. The prognosis of patients with Ut-LMS is poor, and the 5-year survival rate is approximately 35%. Uterine LMA may occur in 70-80% of women by the age of 50 years [4]. Difficulties have been reported in distinguishing Ut-LMS from other uterine mesenchymal tumors including uterine LMA, and a diagnosis generally requires surgery and cytoscopy. Diagnostic categories for uterine mesenchymal tumors and morphological criteria are used to assign cases. The non-standard subtypes of uterine mesenchymal tumors such as the epithelioid and myxoid types are classified in a different manner using these features; therefore, a diagnostic method needs to be established that can identify non-standard smooth muscle differentiation [5, 6]. High estrogen levels have been shown to significantly influence the development of tumors in the uterine body [7]. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the transformation of uterine LMA and development of Ut-LMS remain unknown. Tumors that have developed and grown in the myometrium increase in size due to the influence of the female hormone, estrogen, which leads to the generation of more tumors. However, a relationship has not yet been reported between the development of Ut-LMS and hormonal conditions, and no obvious risk factors have been identified. The identification of risk factors associated with the development of human Ut-LMS will contribute significantly to the development of preventive and therapeutic treatments. Cytoplasmic proteins are mostly degraded by a protease complex referred to as the 20S proteasome, which has many substrates that consist of twenty-eight 20 to 30 kDa subunits [8, 9]. Proteasomal degradation is essential for many cellular processes, including the cell cycle, regulation of gene expression and immunological function [10]. A previous study reported that an interferon (IFN)-γ treatment induced the expression of large numbers of responsive genes, the β-ring subunits of proteasomes, i.e., low-molecular mass polypeptide (LMP)2/β1i, LMP7/β5i and LMP10/multicatalytic endopeptidase complex-like (MECL)-1/β2i [11]. Ut-LMS was detected in female LMP2/β1ideficient mice at 6 months or older, and its incidence at 14 months was approximately 40% [12]. Histopathological studies of LMP2/ β1i-lacking uterine tumors have revealed the characteristic abnormalities of Ut-LMS [12]. The non-standard subtypes of uterine mesenchymal tumors such as the epithelioid and myxoid types have been classified in a Manuscript accepted for publication May 15, 2014

Common chromosomal aberrations detected by array comparative genomic hybridization in specialized stromal tumors of the prostate

Specialized stromal tumors of the prostate encompass stromal sarcoma and stromal tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP). The molecular signature associated with stromal sarcoma and STUMP has not been unraveled. The study was conducted to detect the chromosomal imbalances in stromal sarcoma and STUMP by using array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). The study consisted of two cases of stromal nodule, eight cases of STUMP (three degenerative atypia type, three myxoid type, one hypercellular type, and one phyllodes type), and four cases of stromal sarcoma, including a distant metastasis developed metachronously after a primary stromal sarcoma of the prostate. DNA was extracted from the representative paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed specimens and was submitted for aCGH. All stromal sarcomas and seven STUMPs revealed chromosomal aberrations. Overall, the most common alteration was loss of chromosome 13 (10 cases), followed by loss of chromosome 14 (9 cases), and loss of chromosome 10 (7 cases). Except one stromal sarcoma, which showed a distinct chromosomal profile of multiple amplifications, other stromal sarcomas showed a similar pattern to those of STUMP. Stromal sarcoma and STUMP shared similar profiles of chromosomal imbalances. From a molecular genetic perspective, the recurrent chromosomal alterations support the concept of specialized stromal tumors of the prostate as a distinctive tumor entity.

Clinical analysis of 19 cases of adult primary mediastinal liposarcoma.

To explore the pathoclinical features of adult primary mediastinal liposarcoma and their correlation with the prognosis. The clinical data of 19 patients with adult primary mediastinal liposarcoma who were treated in our hospital between 1970 and 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Eighteen patients underwent open thoracic tumor excisions for at least one time, and the remaining one patient only received biopsy surgery. Histopathological results after surgery revealed that 6 well-differentiated type tumors, 6 myxoid type tumors, 3 pleomorphic type tumors, 2 mixed type tumors, and 2 un-classified tumors. Among 6 patients with well-differentiated type tumors, 1 died after having been survived for 10 years; 5 were still alive, with a mean duration of 126.2 months,the 5-year survival rate was 100%. Among 6 patients with myxoid type tumors, 5 patients had follow-up data, with a mean survival of 26.2 months. Among 3 patients with pleomorphic type tumors, only one patient had follow-up data: the patient finally died, with a survival of 34 months. Of 2 patients with mixed type tumors, only one patient had follow-up data: the patient survived 8 months and died. Of 2 patients with un-classified type tumors, one had follow-up data: the patient lived for 24 months and died. Mediastinal liposarcoma is a rare disease. Surgery is the primary therapeutic modality. Different pathological subtypes have different epidemiological features, biological behaviors, and malignant potentials. Pathological subtype is an important prognosis factor. Patients with well-differentiated tumors have much better prognosis than those with other subtypes.

Myxoid Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans in Childhood

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a locally aggressive skin tumor that affects young and middle-aged adults. A number of histological variants have been described, the myxoid type being one of the least common. Microscopically it is formed of a neoplastic growth that is located in the dermis and hypodermis and has a predominant myxoid component. Peripherally there are infiltrating bundles of spindle-shaped cells that are diffusely positive for the CD34 immunohistochemical marker. We report a case of myxoid dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans on a finger of the left hand of a 14-year-old girl. The tumor had been present for at least 10 years. This is the first pediatric case of myxoid dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans at this site. This histological subtype has mainly been described on the extremities in adults and is very rare in children. We discuss the differential diagnosis with other CD34+ myxoid mesenchymal tumors.