Myths In Order Research Articles

The Role of Digital Media and Peer Influence on Adolescent Smoking Behavior: A Critical Analysis of Intervention Strategies

This study is an attempt to explore perceptions and attitudes toward smoking amongst adolescents, where the main objective of the research is to explore the factors that help in understanding how their views and behavior are shaped. This study garnered data through questionnaires given to adolescents between the ages of 10-20, representing varied walks of life. The results bring out intricate interplays of social, psychological, and environmental factors that shape adolescent perceptions. Peer pressure, media representation, and familial attitudes emerge as potent determinant factors. The research therefore stresses the implementation of focused educational programs and policies aimed at dispelling myths in order to reduce smoking initiation rates during this period. Recommendations for further research and intervention are discussed here, which would form the foundation of comprehensive anti-smoking strategies relevant for this most vulnerable age group.

Assessing Police Attitudes Toward Intervention in Gender Violence: the Role of Training, Perceived Severity, and Myths About Intimate Partner Violence Against Women

Abstract Purpose Even though evidence has broadly confirmed that public attitudes toward intervention shape the decision-making process when dealing with IPVAW events, rather less is known about what determines the police decision-making process. Research support that police attitudes toward intervention in IPVAW explain differences when police officers response to IPVAW events. This research analyzes the combined role of IPVAW myths, perceived severity, and IPVAW training in reactive (tolerance for IPVAW and minimal police involvement) and proactive (important police task and pro-arrest) police attitudes toward intervention in gender violence. Methods Drawing from snowball sampling, we collected responses of 211 Spanish police officers via online subject-recruitment platform. Results The main findings of our study confirmed that IPVAW myths lead to less proactive attitudes toward intervention both directly and through a reduction in the perceived severity of IPVAW. Importantly, we found a moderating role of IPVAW training, suggesting that the endorsement of IPVAW myths leads to less proactive responses, but only for untrained police officers. Conclusions Our findings suggest the importance of IPVAW training on police proactive attitudes toward intervention via IPVAW myths instead of perceived severity. Police training programs to both novice and experienced officers should be focused on confronting IPVAW myths in order to improve police perception, evaluation and involvement in gender violence events.

Le complexe d’œdipe : un organisateur temporel toujours actuel

ContextThis article prolongs questions raised in the author's doctoral thesis. It engages with contemporary psychoanalytical research that questions the psychic modalities that organize the relationship to time and the subjective inscription of temporality, within the framework of the processes that begin at the time of puberty. These processes operate, in fact, as fertile moments of reorganization and psychic organization of the relationship to time of individuals. ObjectiveBased on the psychoanalytical works carried out since Freud as well as his own elaborations, the author underlines the importance of considering the Oedipus complex in its double valence, as a psychic organizer of the difference between the sexes and between the generations - this second valence having been very often left in the background compared to the first one. This psychoanalytic reading of the Oedipus complex, in its dual register, is set against other perspectives (gender studies and the historical study of myths). MethodStarting from the fundamental texts in the Freudian corpus and completing them with contributions from contemporary psychoanalysis, and illustrating this with a clinical vignette, the author underlines the heuristic value of recourse to the Oedipal myth as a representation of subjective and inter-subjective temporal organization. ResultsIn the wake of contemporary psychoanalytical research, the author's work demonstrates the interest of thinking about the place of the Oedipus complex as a psychic organizer of the relationship to time – the psychic modalities of investment in time appearing, in themselves, as organizers of psychic life. This is done from a complementarian perspective, which does not exclude other approaches to the problem. ConclusionsThis reflection invites us to think about the complexity of the Oedipal myth in order not to reduce it to its gendered dimension. If social and societal evolutions, as well as the anthropological context, must lead us to reexamine the value of our conceptual tools and their limits, the Oedipus complex as a nodal organizer must be grasped here in all its dimensions – sexual and temporal. As the author's reflections draw on clinical work with juvenile psychopathology, they deserve to be completed and discussed in the light of other complementary fields.

Understanding Adoption as a Reproductive Justice Issue

Adoption is frequently invoked as a universal social good—an uncomplicated win for adoptees, adoptive parents, and birth parents alike—that obviates the need for abortion. As antiabortionists weaponize adoption to attack reproductive rights, psychologists must recognize adoption as a key reproductive justice issue with significant, lifelong physical and psychological impacts, especially on adopted people and birth parents. Recognizing critical adoption studies as an application of a reproductive justice framework, we argue that psychologists must understand how adoption is both sustained by and reinforces structural inequality and global reproductive injustice. In a post- Roe reality, clinicians and researchers must critically examine adoption histories and myths in order to address the needs of the adoption triad. As an interdisciplinary team of researchers and clinicians in psychology; medicine; genetic counseling; and women's, gender, sexuality, and Asian American studies, we examine adoption's ties to settler colonialism, racism, classism, and imperialism and interrogate harmful dominant narratives about adoption. We then summarize clinical considerations for working with members of the adoption triad, future directions for research on adoption, and recommendations for both clinicians and researchers to advance adoption competence in the face of current attacks on reproductive rights in the United States.

Slavic Mythology Lost in Fantasy

Slavic myths increasingly survive in people’s consciousness as supernatural elements or as literary characters rather than as real beliefs in their existence. Adult readers in Poland and Slovakia, for example, encounter Slavic supernatural beings in the fantasy literature book series such as Wiedźmin by Andrzej Sapkowski and Černokňažník by Juraj Červenák; however, literature cannot be expected to portray superstitions and demons in the same way as belief legends. Placing Sapkowski’s and Červenák’s works within the context of ethnographically recorded beliefs illuminates various aspects of intercultural and intertextual relationships within the literary setting. This article shows that there are several types of literary adaptation of Slavic myths: adaptation in accordance with folk beliefs, denial of superstitions, incorporating a folk myth in order to create an illusion, and using the name of a demon while also adding characteristics from other sources – especially from popular culture.

Claudian’s "Gigantomachia": Coping with Reality and Dealing with Loss

The subject of Claudian’s Gigantomachia, narrating the great war between the Gods and the Giants, is vividly felt in the fourth century AD, given the historical context during which it was written. This piece, besides being mythological in a Christian world, remains unfinished, and the perspective of the incomplete end raises some questions: did Claudian do it voluntarily? Was he forced to do so? Was the end lost? And more generally, why would an official poet choose to write on a subject which does not align with the new way of thinking of a Christian Roman Empire, while rewriting a myth which tends to echo the military and the political context he was living in? In order to see through this perspective, it may be interesting to observe Claudian’s adaptations in rewriting the myth in order to grasp the different aspects of the context he was living in and that he was trying to mirror, and also to question the function of such a narration for Claudian himself, between pessimism towards loss and hope for a brighter future. This study, which focuses on the difficult adaptation of Pagans to the Christian era, allows to see, through a thorough study of Claudian’s Gigantomachia, the expression of a personal belief in an epic poem. Late Christian Antiquity poetry therefore appears both as a means to express one’s feelings and to overcome them.

Parental Attitudes and Beliefs toward Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh City

The present study was designed to investigate attitudes and beliefs among parents of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with regard to symptoms, causes, prognosis, and management. The study was of a cross-sectional descriptive design including 283 parents of patients with ADHD (preschool, primary school, and adolescent). It was conducted at child and adolescent outpatient clinics in Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh to assess parents’ knowledge, attitudes, treatments, and beliefs regarding ADHD. Among 283 parents, 59.8% believed that diet could improve ADHD symptoms. Approximately 75% of parents believed that ADHD is a form of misbehavior rather than a neurodevelopmental disorder, whereas 55.6% believed that ADHD is a genetic disease. In total, 89% of parents wanted to treat their children by receiving specialist advice and recommendations. A significant and nonsignificant correlation between gender and preschool and primary school was recorded, respectively. However, a positive correlation was recorded between age and caregiver’s education in adolescents. Since parents’ attitudes and perceptions were poor overall, the mismanagement of ADHD was noticed. Furthermore, government-level media campaigns should be implemented to enhance parents’ knowledge and debunk myths in order to improve ADHD management.

Realism and Power in Mark Twain's

Realism and Power in Mark Twain's

Myths about the past in media environment: theoretical grounds and Russian political practice

This article is examines the issues of constructive use of the myths about the past in media environment. The goal lies in the attempt to align several most significant theoretical models of interpretation of the social myth in order to comprehend constructive use of myths about the past in modern Russian politics of memory. This required referring to the peculiarities of the ontology of the past in media myth, as well as to the trends characteristic to modern foreign and Russian research of the politics of memory. The scientific novelty lies in the detailed analysis of the key categories that reveal the peculiarities of creating ontology of the past in modern media myth, as well as allow analyzing the constructive potential of myths about the past in media environment in the context of the Russian politics of memory (the function of cultural-historical orientation, motivating function, functions of conflict settlement). The author explores myths about the past, which in recent decades have become a crucial instrument for conducting a peculiar type of information warfare – the so-called “memorial” wars.

Exhaustion and Recycling

This paper examines the works of representative modernist authors who have rewritten the myth of the Danaids in a self-reflective way. They reuse certain elements of the myth in order to address some of the crucial issues of cultural transmission: interpretation, poetic tradition and communication. The argument focuses on the recycling of the myth of the Danaids as a symbol of endless historical-philological (Nietzsche) and psychological (Freud) interpretations, the exhaustion and the reinvention of the classical literary tradition (Babits), and the impossible possibility of mediating the living voice through telephonic communication (Proust).

Paranasal Mucormycosis: A Literature Review

Mucormycosis has wreaked havoc amongst the COVID-19 pandemic, crippling the patients already battling the virus. It is therefore of utmost importance that the facts be separated from the myths in order to tackle this problem from the roots. The basis of this current review article to compile all the information regarding the facts about mucormycosis in one place so as to get a better understanding of the disease process and hence work towards reducing patient morbidity and mortality.

INTERTEXTUALITY IN CONTEMPORARY ART OF KAZAKHSTAN IN THE ASPECT OF CULTURAL MEMORY

For the masters of modern art of Kazakhstan, along with the importance of samples of classical culture and discoveries of modernist art, Kazakh folk art is becoming a single field of tradition today. Intertextuality, constant dialogue with different layers of world and national painting and sculpture determine the search for new expressiveness in art. This article describes the role of intertextuality in the development of new forms of artistic statements, namely, as in the works of modern Kazakh sculptors (S.Bekbotayev, D.Sarbasov, Z.Kozhamkulov), jewelers (A.Mukazhanov), tapestry masters (A.Bapanov), the importance of the values of native culture as a space of cultural memory is preserved. Experiments with the material are perceived as a ritual, a creative act, a search for their own author's style, modern means of expression of the artist. It is shown that the danger of losing one's own national identity associated with the process of globalization explains the interest of the masters in the author's myth-making, designed to awaken the spiritual foundations of the nation in the minds of contemporaries. Through mechanical details, sculptors create new myths in order to streamline the ethical and psychological state of a modern person, while in the works of masters of decorative and applied art, bricolage is practiced as a combination of different materials and textures, meanings and images closest to the construction of a myth.

Deméter en el Papiro de Berlín BKT 5.1, pp. 7-18, no I 2

[Demeter in the Berlin Papyrus BKT 5.1, pp. 7-18, no I 2] The versus of the Berlin Papyrus BKT 5.1, pp. 7-18 no I 2, dated to the second-first bce, comprises the commentary of an ancient Orphic poem about the rape of Persephone and her search by her mother Demeter. The very fragmentary text contains a prose account in which there are some quotations of a poem attributed to Orpheus, but very similar to the Homeric Hymn to Demeter. The hymn has traditionally served as the main reference for the study of the papyrus, but the myth of Persephone was very popular in Antiquity, so the papyrus text may reflect other traditions, such as the Sicilian or the Orphic ones. In the present paper, I compare the role of Demeter in the papyrus with her role in other versions of the myth in order to examine whether these versions are directly or indirectly reflected in the papyrus and to what extent they can serve as a support to reconstruct the fragmentary text. Firstly, I begin by recalling some data about the papyrus (date, origin and editions). Secondly, I speak briefly about the different versions of the rape of Persephone. And finally, different episodes, in which Demeter is the main agent in the papyrus, are analyzed and compared with other versions. The analysis and comparison of individual episodes is essential to determine which aspects correspond to the tradition testified by the Homeric hymn, which are related to other traditions such as the Sicilian one, and which are found only in the Orphic one.

Rebuilding the Maritime Culture of the Islands of Macaronesia: The Mythical and Historical Perception of Island Societies

While traditional historiography does establish that history cannot bypass islands, these spaces have in fact been regarded as anecdotes amidst the great historical processes and it has hardly been reflected upon the origin of its maritime culture. This research paper addresses a supranational territory, Macaronesia, and questions the origin of its island identity in order to understand what these islanders' perception of their plural maritime culture has been and how this identity was formed through myths and stories. Methodologically, this research draws from a critique of transatlantic historiographic approaches while systematizing the main contributions of island historians. The study is underpinned by the analysis of accounts wherein chroniclers and historians allude to the origin of Macaronesic identity and culture. The islands are tackled on their own terms and the sociocultural perspective is emphasized with the aim of applying the fundamentals of nesology to historical knowledge. This research addresses the history, myth and historicality of the myth in order to understand the foundation of a contemporary aquapelagic and transnational society, whose early beginnings were marked by the complementarity between islands and the ability to transfer cultural traces between borders.

Die Thebanische Sintflutsage

Die Thebanische Sintflutsage The Ogygian Flood is one of the lesser known flood myths. Unfortunately, there are only late and very vage accounts of it. Certain passages from Homer and Hesiod however allow a tentative reconstruction of the Theban deluge. Furthermore, a comparatistic approach gives the opportunity to adduce earlier, more elaborate oriental flood myths in order to get a glimpse of some of the facettes of the Theban adaptation of these myths. The paper includes some remarks on the etymology of ‘Ogyges’ from Gr. Ὠκεανός and Hit. ḫuḫḫaš, as well as the consideration that the demon Pašittu (Lamaštu) is in fact the Theban sphinx and therefore, Hera should be identified with Nintu.

Medea is a Good Boy: performing, subverting, and unmasking tragic gender

AbstractIn 1981, the Spanish playwright Luis Riaza published the play Medea es un buen chico (Medea is a Good Boy). In it, two male actors perform the main roles of Medea and the Nurse, who comment, with references to other fictional love stories, on the relationship between Medea and Jason. When Jason fails to arrive, the fiction is dismantled, revealing Medea’s identity as Jason’s rejected homosexual lover. Medea es un buen chico mixes elements of performativity, meta-theatricality, and myth in order to explore the limits of gender, sexuality, and the perceived social roles and norms they entail. This article explores how Riaza theatrically reflects on the social performativity of gender through the tragic character and story of Medea, her performance and subversion of her own gendered self, and her eventual rejection and social displacement.

Pathways Indra Congress: Cultural Literacy for Social Change

ABSTRACT The Indra Congress is a global network of community artists, cultural practitioners and educators. An alternative mediator of arts and culture for intra- and inter-personal social change, it provides a safe space for youth to communicate social issues. The network actively participates in a biannual programme where representatives of the different Indra hubs come together in a face-to-face congress. The art-based approach challenges stereotypes, prejudices, inequalities and descriptive myths in order to build bridges, to promote empathy and to help develop positive relationships. In this article a reflection on Indra practise and the use of arts for social change is related to critical questions and the on-going discussions about cultural literacy. The analysis relates to the analogy upon which the Indra Congress draws its practice namely that of the description of the god Indra’s net and intersecting points. It starts with an experiential analysis of the Pathways, Indra Congress event and its host, ARROWSA. The article further analyses how themes of diversity and local and personal narratives intersect with critical cultural diversity. As such, it promotes that the Congress embodies a practice of cultural literacies, that promotes the sharing of differences and commonalities through collaboration in the arts and culture.

Making Mythology: The Role of Ancient Faith in Crafting a Unifying Narrative in Teutonic Mythology and Children's and Household Tales

Works by Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm, with particular focus on Teutonic Mythology and Children's and Household Tales, were written to establish tangible objects, written histories, and thereby a Germanic identity, which existed outside of any particular geographical location. Recreating a Germanic paganism faith formed an essential cornerstone of both ancient and modern German society. In blending pagan and Christian elements and focusing on the cultural implications of ancient myths, the Grimms vivify ancient myth in order to revive a contemporary pagan religious significance to the tales, and therefore elements of ancient pagan faith itself into the daily lives of Germanic peoples.

Knowledge and misconceptions surrounding family planning among Young Maasai women in Kenya

ABSTRACT Adolescent fertility rates are high in Kenya and increase the likelihood of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. Our objective was to explore the knowledge, perceptions, and barriers surrounding the use of family planning services among young Maasai women in Laikipia County, Central Kenya. Individual interviews with 50 participants were conducted in Laikipia County, Kenya during June and July of 2019. Qualitative data was visualised using JMP software and coded using the framework method for content analysis. Several overarching themes were identified. First, we identified a high rate of unintended pregnancy and a low rate of family planning use. Second, we found that many young Maasai women believe that only women that are married and have finished childbearing should utilise family planning services. Finally, we document highly prevalent myths among young women in the Maasai community that the use of family planning will lead to negative health consequences, such as infertility and cancer. We conclude that the Maasai community of Laikipia County, Kenya needs comprehensive family planning education that will improve knowledge and dispel myths in order to empower young Maasai women to make informed decisions surrounding family planning.

Mitos Penciptaan pada Serat Purwakandha Brantakusuman dan Potensi Kajian Filsafatnya

This article examines the creation myth in Serat Purwakandha Brantakusuman (SPB), how its characteristics are compared to myths in Indonesia and existing mythical theories, and explains philosophical themes that can be examined from these myths in order to give its theoretical contributions in existing mythical theories. It is a literature study by reviewing books texts, research reports, journals, and other sources. The analysis is done by interpretation, coherence-holistic, description, and analysis-synthesis. The theoretical framework used is the myth theory C A. Van Peursen and Clifford Geertz. The results of the study indicate that the myth of the creation of plants in SPB is based on the story of the death of Dewi Tisnawati who was banished to earth. The study of myths about the origin of plants is new because research examining myths related to agriculture and Dewi Sri, the influence of myths in life and human activities, forms of rituals and socio-cultural activities, and the relationship between myths and art, are more related to origin place. The myths in SPB and myths in Indonesia contribute to supporting myth concepts that have been described by great thinkers. The creation myth and other myths in the SPB can be subject to study from the perspective of the branches of philosophy and its conceptual substances can also be criticized philosophically