Mystus Seenghala Research Articles

Bioaccumulation and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Labeo rohita and Mystus seenghala from Jhelum River, Punjab, Pakistan

The bioaccumulation of trace elements and heavy metals in aquatic organisms is a critical environmental concern due to its potential impact on ecosystem health and human safety. This study investigated the level of trace elements and heavy metals bioaccumulation in Labeo rohita and Mystus seenghala from the River Jhelum in the district Khushab, Punjab, Pakistan. The concentration of calcium, magnesium, iron, nickel, copper, arsenic, cadmium, zinc, chromium, manganese, cobalt, and lead in the gills, liver, and muscle tissues of these fish was measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Then, the extent of contamination and its possible health risks were assayed. Our findings indicate significant variations in the elemental and metal concentrations among different organs and between species, reflecting their diverse feeding habits and habitats. The health risk assessment based on the estimated daily intake, estimated weekly intake, maximum permissible intake, target hazard quotient, hazard index or total target hazard quotient, health risk index, and target cancer risk revealed potential risks to human consumers of these fish. This study emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring, as new data and insights are crucial for understanding and mitigating these risks. Strict regulatory measures are also necessary to safeguard public health and preserve the ecosystem of Jhelum River.

Impact of malathion intoxication on liver of Mystus seenghala by estimation of enzymatic activities

Impact of malathion intoxication on liver of Mystus seenghala by estimation of enzymatic activities

Studies on some aspects of the fish Endoparasites (Cestodes)

Parasitic diseases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in man, domesticated animals and wild life. Cestodes are multicellular, bilaterally symmetrical and parasites of great importance to human health. Intestinal infections of cestodes are very common in country and areas with poor socio-economic status are endemic unhygienic living and food habits promote the spread of infection causing high morbidity and complications. Mixed intestinal infection due to cestodes and nematodes is quite common and therefore, there is a need to study the cestode parasites whose prevalence is high. Cestodes infect almost all vertebrates. The freshwater fish species found in Nagapur Reservoir, Parli-Vaijnath, Dist. Beed (M.S.) were observed for the infection of cestode parasites. It was found that the freshwater fishes like Mystus seenghala and Mastacembelus armatus were infected by the cestode parasites. After detail study they were identified as Gangesia senghali (Hiware, 1999), Circumoncobothrium yamaguti (Jadhav et al., 1990). The cestode parasites were found in the small intestine of the host fishes.

Seasonal Variation and Association of Heavy Metals in the Vital Organs of Edible Fishes from the River Jhelum in Punjab, Pakistan.

The toxic effects of heavy metals are drastic, including accumulation. Fish species are important bio-indicators of heavy metal pollution in aquatic bodies. The current study aimed to assess the seasonal variation of heavy metals in the vital organs of mostly consumed fishes in River Jhelum, Pakistan. Samples of fish, including Wallago attu (Malhi), Rita rita (Khagga), and Mystus seenghala (Singhari), were collected from four different sites, i.e., Khushab, Muhammad Wala (M. Wala), 8.R.D and Rasool barrage during summer and winter seasons. Heavy metals such as iron (Fe), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co) and Cadmium (Cd) were estimated through acid digestion and spectrometric analysis. Results showed a significantly higher (P < 0.05) amount of these metals in the liver, followed by the kidneys of fish species. There were seasonal variations in the absorption of these metals as well. Cr (11.71) and Fe (58.66) were detected in higher amounts in Khagga which showed the greatest affinity for certain metals in some cases. In contrast, Singhari showed the greatest affinity to other metals in other cases. Comparative analysis revealed that there was a highly significant (P < 0.05) difference for the accumulation of almost all metals in both seasons and summer had the highest concentration of Cd, Pb, Co, Cr and Fe as compared to winter in all four sampling stations in the case of kidney and liver of all the three fishes. Elevated levels of heavy metals were detected in the summer due to increased temperature. Heavy metals found in the River Jhelum may demonstrate that metals can significantly affect the fish species.

Comparative account of blood metabolic and hematological adaptations in air-breathing catfish, Clarias batrachus and non air-breathing catfish Mystus seenghala in the conditions of hypoxia

Comparative account of blood metabolic and hematological adaptations in air-breathing catfish, Clarias batrachus and non air-breathing catfish Mystus seenghala in the conditions of hypoxia

Cadmium Sub-Lethal Concentration Effect on Growth, Haematological and Biochemical Parameters of Mystus seenghala (Sykes, 1839).

The current study aims to assess the cadmium sub-lethal concentration influence on growth and haematological and biochemical parameters of Mystus seenghala. A total of 60 fish of three different length groups (20 each) were collected from Head Qadirabad, Pakistan. The fish were treated to the sub-lethal concentration viz. one-third of LC50, for 16weeks except for the control groups. Water quality parameters were kept constant during the entire course of the research, and the major parameters were measured as temperature (28.03 ± 0.03°C), DO (5.82 ± 0.14mgL-1), pH (8.00 ± 0.01) and total hardness (249.98 ± 0.01mgL-1). Findings revealed that the growth of three treated variant length groups was affected negatively by cadmium exposure and showed significantly (P < 0.05) lower average wet weight, body length and condition factor as compared to control groups, while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) increases by increasing the exposure duration. The haematological parameters including values of Hct, Hb and MCHC were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in all Cd-treated groups than control groups, whereas the level of MCH and MCV were significantly higher, but no significant difference was found in the value of RBCs in all treated groups. Biochemical parameters such as ALT, AST, total lipid and glucose level in Cd exposure groups were significantly higher, while the total protein level was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in all treated groups as compared to control groups. From the current study, it has been concluded that the growth, haematology and biochemical parameters are important indicators of ecotoxicology particularly contamination of the cadmium and health of the fish.

Helminth Parasitofauna of Freshwater Catfish MYSTUS SEENGHALA (SYKES 1839) from Nanded District (M.S.) India

Helminth Parasitofauna of Freshwater Catfish MYSTUS SEENGHALA (SYKES 1839) from Nanded District (M.S.) India

On a new Monogenean-ectoparasites Neocalceostoma guptai n. sp. from gills of fresh-water cat fish Mystus seenghala (Ham.) of District Ayodhya (Faizabad), Uttar Pradesh, India

The fresh-water cat fish Mystus seenghala (Ham.) was collected from local fish market of district Faizabad presently known as Ayodhya (U.P.) and examined 25 specimens, of which only 02 specimens were found infected with 08 specimens of said species. The sites of infections being gill filaments of the host. There are three species of the genus Neocalceostomawas discovered earlier viz.Neocalceostoma elongatum; Neocalceostoma microformis and Neocalceostoma chauhani. The present form differs from all the known species. It differs from Neocalceostoma microformis and Neocalceostoma chauhani in having larger body, difference in ratio of haptor and body, difference in shape of cirrus and gonads. The present form also differs from Neocalceostoma elongatum in having different shape of haptor, absence of oesophagus and difference in shape of cirrus. The present form is therefore, described as a new species Neocalceostoma guptai n. sp. named in honor of Dr. S. P. Gupta for his valuable contribution in the field of taxonomy

Distribution and bioaccumulation of heavy metal in water, sediment and fish tissue from the River Mahananda in Seemanchal zone, North Bihar, India

In the present study, distribution, and bioaccumulation of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb were analysed in water, sediment and freshwater fish tissues of Catla catla and Mystus seenghala which were seasonally collected from River Mahananda in Seemanchal zone. The results showed that except Pb, level of Cu, Zn and Cd in water were below than allowance limit of WHO (2008), while level of Cu, Zn and Cd in sediment was higher than a toxicity reference value (TRV) recommended by USEPA (1999), except Pb. Heavy metal concentration in water and sediment were recorded in the order: Cu>Pb>Zn>Cd and Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd, respectively. The seasonal variation of this metal in water was in the sequence: rainy>winter>summer, and in sediment summer>winter>rainy. Bioaccumulation of studied metal by different tissues of M. seenghala was maximum than C. catla , and found that following order of magnitude: liver>gill>muscle. The order of studied metal concentration in liver Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd, in Gills Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd, in muscle Zn>Pb>Cu. Pb was only metal whose concentration was higher than FAO, FAO/WHO and WHO standards in all examined tissues of both species . Bioaccumulation of Pb in different tissues of both fishes was observed maximum in summer followed by winter and rainy (monsoon) seasons. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of all four metals in organs of M. seenghala was higher than C. Catla. Metal index value (MI) > 1 for Cd and Pb in water suggests that worse quality of water. The levels of heavy metals accumulated in two fishes might be due to the increase in agricultural influx water, domestic wastes, poultry farm, municipal and some other anthropogenic activities. This study shows that River water in the studied zone is a serious concern of human health and selected fishes do not feed directly without proper treatment of the riverine ecosystem, and potential danger may occur in the future.

The Studies on Morphological Abnormality and Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome in Some Freshwater Fishes of Gandhi Sagar Reservoir

During hydrobiologicals studies of Gandhinagar reservoir some fishes were collected having morphological abnormality and Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome. Seven species of fishes such as Catla catla, Labeo rohita, L. calbasu, Cirrhinus mrigala, Mystus seenghala, M. aor and Wellago attu were infected severely. One Catla catla were reported with one eye on one side only. It was measured 79 cm in total length with 30.0 kg body weight. Summer infection of these fishes was correlated with the physico-chemical parameters.

The Studies on Morphological Abnormality and Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome in Some Freshwater Fishes of Gandhi Sagar Reservoir

During hydrobiologicals studies of Gandhinagar reservoir some fishes were collected having morphological abnormality and Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome. Seven species of fishes such as Catla catla, Labeo rohita, L. calbasu, Cirrhinus mrigala, Mystus seenghala, M. aor and Wellago attu were infected severely. One Catla catla were reported with one eye on one side only. It was measured 79 cm in total length with 30.0 kg body weight. Summer infection of these fishes was correlated with the physico-chemical parameters.

Threats to Fish and Fisheries of Kangsabati Reservoir, West Bengal, India

Fishes belonging to the Orders Beloniformes, Cypriniformes, Perciformes, Siluriformes and Synbranchiformes are usually found in the Kangsabati reservoir of West Bengal, India. In recent years among the trapped fishes fishermen failed to get certain fish species which were available to them in the last decade. This prompted us to conduct a survey of ichthyofauna of the said reservoir in respect to the water parameters, keeping in view the anthropogenic activity-induced pollution scenario. It is revealed that the fishes belonging to the species Xenentodon cancila, Nemacheilus savona, Sillaginopsis panijus, Pangasius sutchi, Colisa sota, Mystus cavasius, Mystus seenghala and Mastacembelus armatus are completely absent in the survey area. It is most likely that the eutrophication-induced causes especially, variations in composition and density of plankton as well as the undesirable changes in physical and chemical properties of the water have forced these fishes to migrate elsewhere.

English

English

Effect of Chilling and Freezing on Fish Muscle

Muscle samples of Mystus seenghala were stored at two different low temperatures, i.e at 4±1C (chilled) and at -12±2C (frozen) for 21 days. Weekly analysis was conducted to measure protein, lipid, ash, moisture, free fatty acid, pH and total plate count. The result clearly reveals that during storage, both the samples showed a highly significant (p<0.01) decreasing trend in protein, lipid, ash and moisture content. After 21 days, the percentage decrease was 54.35% and 22.70% for protein and 82.64% and 56.68% for lipid, 10.96% and 4.89% for moisture and 38.92% and 37.88% for ash content in chilled and frozen sample respectively. However, the free fatty acid and pH showed highly significant (p<0.01) increasing trend in both the samples. Similarly, the bacteriological studies revealed that the total plate count (TPC) in chilled and frozen samples also showed an increasing trend. It was found within acceptable limits (TPC=6.04±0.11 log cfu/g) in chilled sample upto 10 day and up to 14th day (TPC=5.78±0.2 log cfu/g) in frozen sample. Thereafter, the microbial quality further deteriorates and became inedible for human consumption. (

Comparative morphometrics of two populations of giant river catfish (Mystus seenghala) from the Indus river system

Giant river catfish (Mystus seenghala) from the Beas river were compared with a population in the Sutlej river of the Indus river system using 28 morphometric characters. Discriminant analyses and a univariate anova were used to explore these data. Allometric transformation of each measurement was done to eliminate correlations with size. The stepwise discriminant analysis retained nine variables that significantly discriminated the Beas samples from the Sutlej samples. Using these variables, 91.2% (original) and 89.0% (cross validated) of fish were classified into their correct samples. Misclassification was higher for the Sutlej samples (12.5%) than for the Beas samples (6.3%). The results of the discriminant analyses showed that variability in the Beas samples was more homogeneous and provided a more characteristic picture of the group than the Sutlej samples. The univariate ANOVA revealed significant differences between the means of the two populations for 12 of the 28 transformed morphometric measurements.

Copper, iron, lead and zinc concentration distribution and correlation in fish from freshwater lakes, Pakistan

Concentrations of copper, iron, lead and zinc in edible muscle of ten fish species caught in three freshwater lakes of Pakistan were estimated by the atomic absorption method. The data indicated a high degree of species‐specificity in terms of metal accumulation in the muscle of various fish. Iron was found to have maximum concentration (14.940 μg/g) in Channa aruleus from Rawal lake, while in other species the metal was found at 5.390 and 4.480 μg/g. Copper levels ranged from 0.511 to 0.574 μg/g. The lead and copper levels in fish from Tarbela lake were lower than those for Rawal lake fish. Other metals showed divergent metal distribution. Simple and multiple metal correlation study showed correlation between iron and zinc in Labeo rohita and Channa aruleus. A strong dependence of the two metals was also observed for Mystus seenghala and Tor pitutora. The observed intermetallic relationships were, however, critically species‐specific and environment dependent.

Selected trace metals in fish, sediment and water from freshwater Tarbela Reservoir, Pakistan

Selected trace metals and macronutrients in the edible muscle of thirteen freshwater species, harvested from Tarbela Reservoir on the Indus River, Pakistan, along with relevant sediment and water are reported. The fish selected were: Catla catla, Channa marulius, Cirrhanus mrigala, Cyprinus carpio, Labeo calbasu, Labeo rohita, Mastacembelus aramatus, Mystus seenghala, Mystus vitatus, Notoptirus chitala, Rita rita, Tor putitora and Wallago attu. Labeo calbesu showed maximum levels of silver and arsenic at 1.179 and 0.713 μg/g, respectively, where as, Notoptirus chitala showed maximum concentrations of cadmium (1.013 μg/g). Mercury was at 2.870 μg/g in Channa marulius and lead at a concentration of 2.108 μg/g in Mastacembelus aramatus. A reciprocal relationship was observed between the macronutrient content and trace metal concentrations in species like Rita rita and Wallago attu. Sediment showed maximum concentrations of iron and manganese, whereas, arsenic and lead concentrations were observed at higher l...

Impact of the Budha Nallah brook on the river Satluj waters. II‐occurrence of fish and reproductive biology ofcirrhina mrigala(HAM.)

Our studies showed the occurrence of 33 fish species at the upstream (US) point (selected at 3 km before the confluence of Budha Nallah with the river Satluj). The confluence of Nallak led to the elimination of 10 fish species (Catla catla, Eutropiichtys vacha, Labeo calbasu, L. gonius, L. rohita, Mastacembalus armatus, Mystus seenghala, Ompok bimaculatus, Rita rita and Wallago attu) at the downstream (DS) point (selected of 3 km following confluence of Nallah with the river). The reproductive biology of C. mrigala was adversely affected by the pollution.

Contents of trace metals in fish, sediment and water from three freshwater reservoirs on the Indus River, Pakistan

Concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg are reported in 11 common fish species, along with relevant sediment and water, from three freshwater reservoirs and the outfall area of the Indus River, Pakistan. Rita rita, Wallago attu and Cirrhinus mrigala common to the three reservoirs, and Channa marulius, Mystus vittatu, Catla catla, Labeo calbasu, Mustacembelus panaculus, Notopterus notopterus and Mystus seenghala from the outfall area are included in the study. The criterion of weight dependence of trace metals is examined on the basis of the baseline metal data for the species from the three freshwater reservoirs. Metal concentrations in Rita rita from the Tarbela reservoir ranged from 0.082 to 6.715 μg g −1, wet weight, for Cd and Fe, and were higher than those in Wallago attu and Cirrhinus mrigala. Rita rita from the Lloyd reservoir showed a range of trace metals from 0.120 μg g −1 to 2.850 μg g −1, for Cr and Fe respectively. In the remaining fish, As ranged from 0.005 to 0.110 μg g −1, cr rom 0.065 to 0.44 μg g −1, Cu from 0. 002 to 0.180 μg g −1, Fe from 0.725 to 3.445 μg g −1 and Hg from 0.240 to 4.785 μg g −1. The present study showed no correlation between the trace metal contents in water, sediment and fish. The findings are examined in terms of the probable pollution of the Indus River by industrial and municipal wastes.

Levels of selected heavy metals in commercial fish from five freshwater lakes, Pakistan

The levels of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg are estimated by atomic absorption in the muscle of six commercial species of fish belonging to five freshwater lakes of Pakistan. The species included Mastacembelus armatus, Tor putitura, Mystus seenghala, Wallago attu, Catla catla and Labeo rohita. The fish were procured in comparable weight ranges so that a viable comparison of trace metal content could be effected. As, Fe, Pb, Zn and Hg showed elevated levels of 0.006–6.967, 0.933–6.133, 0.060–4.108, 0.978–5.363 and 0.030–3.211 μg/g, wet weight. The relevant statistical parameters, such as standard deviation, standard error, skewness and its t‐value are also reported for establishing the randomness of the distribution in relation to the corresponding data of freshwater lakes of the world and examined in view of species‐specificity and origin.