Jabuticaba Research Articles

Successful treatment of two capillary psoriasis patients with cream containing Plinia cauliflora: a case report

Successful treatment of two capillary psoriasis patients with cream containing Plinia cauliflora: a case report

Myrciaria jaboticaba Fruit Peel: Bioactive Composition as Determined by Distinct Harvest Seasons and In Vitro Anti-Cancer Activity.

Jaboticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba) is a recognizable and unique crop from Brazil. The fruit's byproducts are currently being studied, given their bioactive composition and promising anti-cancer potential. It is not evident, however, if different harvesting seasons can modify the chemical profile and antioxidant capacity of jaboticaba fruit fractions. Furthermore, as there is limited data for jaboticaba's anti-proliferative effects, additional assessments are required to improve the robustness of these findings. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the composition of the peel of jaboticaba collected in two periods (May-off-season, sample 1-and August-October-peak season, sample 2) and test the peel's richest anthocyanin sample against colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. To accomplish this, proximate, spectrophotometric, and chromatographic analyses were performed in two freeze-dried samples; and anti-proliferative and/or colony-forming assays were carried out in Caco-2, HT29, and HT29-MTX cells. As a result, sample 2 showed the highest levels of polyphenols overall, including flavonoids and anthocyanins. This sample displayed significative higher contents of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (48%) and delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (105%), in addition to a superior antioxidant capacity (23% higher). Sample 1 showed higher amounts of total protein, gallic acid (20% higher), and specific carotenoids. An aqueous extract from sample 2 was tested against CRC, showing anti-proliferative effects for Caco-2 cells at 1 and 2 mg/mL concentrations, with IC50 values of 1.2-1.3 mg/mL. Additionally, the extract was able to inhibit cell colony formation when tested at both low and high concentrations. In conclusion, jaboticaba collected in the main season stands out regarding its polyphenol composition and holds potential against cancer cell growth.

Enhancement of phenolic compounds bioaccessibility in jabuticaba wine through fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Jabuticaba (Plinia cauliflora), a fruit native to Brazil, is known for the high phenolic content in its peel, which is usually discarded. The development of jabuticaba wine is an alternative for better nutritional and technological utilization of the fruit. In this context, the study is the first to investigate the biotransformation of phenolic compounds in jabuticaba during alcoholic fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and maturation. The research also explored the antioxidant and antiproliferative effects of the beverages, as well as their ability to inhibit α-glucosidase and lipase. Fermentation of jabuticaba significantly increased total phenolic compounds (4.91 ± 0.07-fold), total anthocyanins (5.62 ± 1.17-fold), cyanidin-3-glucoside (2.05 ± 0.74-fold), gallic acid (57.02 ± 3.70-fold), and protocatechuic acid (3.70 ± 0.51-fold), as well as the bioaccessibility of these compounds. The beverages also showed antiproliferative effects against cancer cells, antioxidant activities, and enzyme inhibition properties. Maturation at 4 ± 2 °C for 30 days reduced the cytotoxicity of the samples. Despite a reduction in phenolic concentration after digestion, the samples retained bioactive potential. These results establish reference data on the chemical composition and bioactive potential of jabuticaba wine.

Production of Long Fermentation Bread with Jabuticaba Peel Flour Added: Technological and Functional Aspects and Impact on Glycemic and Insulinemic Responses.

The consumption of jabuticaba (Plinia cauliflora), a native Brazilian fruit, has shown promising results concerning some metabolic disorders. Therefore, studying it may aid in the development of products capable of preventing or delaying pathological conditions. The objective of the present study was to formulate a functional sourdough bread with the inclusion of jabuticaba peel flour (JPF) and to evaluate the effect on the postprandial response. The proximate composition of the JPF and bread, the stability of the antioxidant compounds after baking, and the functional activity in a clinical trial were carried out to develop the product and guarantee its quality. JPF increased the fiber content of the bread in comparison to the control from 1.0 g/100 g to 2.3-2.9 g/100 g. Also, the antioxidant capacity increased 1.35 to 3.53 times by adding JPF to the bread, as well as the total reducing capacity (1.56 to 2.67 times). The bread's shelf life was guaranteed for seven days. In the clinical trial, the consumption of control bread resulted in a glycemia peak at 30 min, remaining high until 45 min; for the JPF bread, we noticed a less prominent peak at 45 min and a decrease with less inflection until 180 min. The serum antioxidant capacity of the individuals increased after the 3 h. Although no statistical difference was observed between the groups in the satiety profile, JPF bread presented higher scores after 60 min. Furthermore, a lessened desire to eat other foods and hunger was observed after consuming JPF bread. The inclusion of JPF in the bread manufacturing process promoted a longer shelf life and increased nutritional quality.

Phytochemical Composition and Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Effect of Myrciaria cauliflora Hydroethanolic Extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii.

Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii are opportunistic pathogens, and both are involved in different oral infections. This work aimed to analyze the phytochemical composition of Myrciaria cauliflora hydroethanolic extract and to evaluate its antimicrobial and antibiofilm action against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC 19606; multi-resistant clinical strains 58004, 50098, 566006, and H557). Myrciaria cauliflora hydroethanolic extract was prepared, and the content of soluble solids, flavonoids, and phenols was quantified. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed later. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using the broth microdilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, standard M7-A6, and subsequently, its minimum bactericidal concentration was determined. Then, the most effective concentrations were analyzed against biofilms. Statistical analysis was performed using the ANOVA method with Tukey's test. The soluble solids content in the prepared hydroethanolic extract of M. cauliflora was 2.22%. Additionally, the total flavonoid content, measured using the quercetin standard curve, was 0.040 mg/mL. Furthermore, the total phenol content, determined using the gallic acid standard curve, was 0.729 mg/mL. HPLC analysis presented peaks of gallic acid (11.80 m), p-coumaric acid (12.09 m), cinnamic acid derivative (19.02 m), and ellagic acid (29.83 m). The extract demonstrated antimicrobial and antibiofilm action against all tested strains. However, the most effective antibacterial concentration against all the tested bacteria was 5.55 mg/mL. Therefore, these chemical components justify that M. cauliflora hydroethanolic extract is effective in reducing biofilm formation in S. aureus (standard strain) and A. baumannii (standard and clinical strains).

Antiglycation Effect of Jabuticaba (Plinia cauliflora) and Its Potential Role in Delaying Cataract Formation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Jabuticaba fruit (Plinia cauliflora) is widely consumed in various forms such as juice, jam, wine, and liquors; however, its potential therapeutic effects on diabetic complications remain inadequately explored. We aimed to investigate the potential antiglycation activity of Jabuticaba, identify the active compounds through bioassay-guided fractionation, and assess its effects on cataract formation in a Streptozotocin-induced diabetic type 1 rat model. Through bioassay-guided fractionation, we identified gallic acid (IC50: 24.7 µg/mL), protocatechuic acid (IC50: 1.22 µg/mL), and an ellagitannin, Repandinin B (IC50: 0.55 µg/mL), as active compounds contributing to antiglycation effects. In the animal study, the addition of Jabuticaba juice extract to the drinking water at a concentration of 0.5% (w/v) for 12 weeks demonstrated an amelioration in cataract progression. These results suggest that Jabuticaba has high antiglycation effects leading to the delaying of cataract formation in type 1 diabetes.

Non-competitive inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora) peel ethanolic extracts

Specific anthocyanins and phenolic compounds exhibit acetylcholinesterase inhibitory (AChEi) activity. In this study, the AChEi activity of jaboticaba peel extracts were investigated based on their high phenol contents. Jaboticaba peel ethanolic extract (PEX) and aqueous extract (PAX) were prepared by extracting jaboticaba peel with 95% ethanol and boiling water, respectively. Through HPLC-MS/MS and HPLC-PDA analysis, gallic acid was identified in PAX with a concentration of 598.13 ± 42.43 mg/100 g extract, and ellagic acid in PEX with a concentration of 350.47 ± 8.53 mg/100 g extract. Both PEX and PAX showed dose-dependent inhibition against AChE activity, with IC50 values of 3.54 and 4.07 mg/mL, respectively. The mechanism of inhibition of PEX was determined to be non-competitive inhibition based on the decreasing Vmax and relatively constant Km with increasing PEX concentration, as determined using a Lineweaver-Burk plot.

Synthesis and Optimization of biosorbent using jabuticaba peel (Myrciaria cauliflora) for anthocyanin recovery through adsorption

Synthesis and Optimization of biosorbent using jabuticaba peel (Myrciaria cauliflora) for anthocyanin recovery through adsorption

Simple procedure for the simultaneous extraction and purification of anthocyanins using a jabuticaba byproduct biosorbent

The burgeoning interest in anthocyanins, fueled by their recognized nutraceutical benefits, faces challenges due to the intricate and time-consuming nature of the extraction and purification processes. This study addresses this hurdle by introducing a pioneering method for the simultaneous extraction and purification of anthocyanins from jabuticaba byproducts (Plinia cauliflora). Utilizing a BoxBehnken experimental design, the investigation fine-tuned maceration extraction conditions, pinpointing the optimal combination of time (30 min), temperature (60 ºC), and solvent composition (50% MeOH v/v), resulting in a yield of 14.43 ± 0.09 mg g−1 of anthocyanins. After optimizing extraction conditions, a simultaneous purification step was integrated into the in situ process. The biosorbent from jabuticaba byproducts demonstrated anthocyanin purification from the extract exceeding 90%, outperforming the commercial adsorbent (PoraPak™ Rxn) tested. The study unveils an eco-friendly method for anthocyanin extraction with an impressive Ecoscale rating of 86 (maximum of 100). This novel one-step extraction and purification method emphasizes significant anthocyanin recovery while aligning with circular economy principles. It offers notable time and cost savings, enhancing overall production efficiency.

Response of Jabuticaba [Plinia cauliflora (Mart) Kausel] seedlings to herbicides

Jabuticaba (Plinia sp.) is one of the most important fruit species in the Brazilian flora; it is appreciated for fresh consumption or products produced from its fruits. The establishing of orchards requires the determination of management methods that favor the development and productivity of this species. The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of jabuticaba seedlings to application of herbicides and determine possible phytotoxicity. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Technological University of Paraná, in Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brazil. A randomized block experimental design with four replications was used, with 5 plants per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of applications of pre-emergence herbicides (Dual Gold® and Spider®) and post-emergence herbicides (2,4-D, Ally®, Enlist®, Primatop®, Fusilade®, Imazetapyr, Flex®, Plenum®, and Volcane®). The applied herbicide rates were equivalent to 50% of their commercial recommendation. A spray volume equivalent to 250 L ha-1 was applied, using water as diluent. The following parameters were evaluated 45 days after applications: stem diameter at 1 cm above ground (cm); plant height (cm); numbers of necrotic, chlorotic, shriveled, and healthy leaves; number and length of shoots (cm); survival rate (%); and chlorophyll contents (a, b, and total). The application of the herbicides Ally®, Enlist®, and Flex® resulted in less harmful effects on jabuticaba seedlings. The lowest survival rates were found in plants in the treatments with the herbicides Dual Gold®, Volcane®, and Primatop®.

Ateroprotective effects of Plinia cauliflora in. New Zealand rabbits: beyond the lipid-lowering effect.

Introduction: Plinia cauliflora [Mart.] Kausel (Myrtaceae), popularly known as "jabuticaba," is a fruit species native to Brazil. Despite extensive widespread usage, its antiatherosclerotic properties' impact remains unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of a preparation obtained from the fruit peels of P. cauliflora (EEPC). Methods: Male New Zealand rabbits received a 1% cholesterol-supplemented diet for 60days. On the thirtieth day, the animals were divided into five experimental groups and received, once a day, by the oral route, the EEPC (10, 30, and 100mg/kg), simvastatin (2.5mg/kg), or vehicle for 30days. At the end of the experimental period, peripheral blood and arterial branch samples were collected. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrotyrosine (NT), nitrite, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1b), interleukin 6 (IL-6), soluble inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) levels were measured. Moreover, the catalase and superoxide dismutase levels were measured on the arterial samples. Histopathological analysis and arterial morphometry were also performed. Results and discussion: The oral administration of ESEG significantly lowered the levels of lipids in rabbits that were fed a CRD diet. This treatment also adjusted the protective system against oxidation in the arteries by decreasing the oxidation of lipids and proteins. Additionally, the levels of IL-1b, IL-6, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 in the bloodstream decreased significantly, and this was accompanied by a reduction of atherosclerotic lesions in all branches of the arteries. The findings suggest that EEPC may be a possible option for additional management of atherosclerosis.

Exploration of Jaboticaba (Plinia cauliflora.) Cultivation in Bengkulu: Conservation in an Optimized Environment

Jaboticaba (Plinia cauliflora) is a plant with numerous benefits. The destruction of its natural habitat and illegal logging in areas where Jaboticaba grows have led to concerns about population decline. Therefore, serious conservation efforts are necessary to protect this plant. This research aims to plant and conserve Jaboticaba in an optimal environment in Bengkulu. To maintain the viability of jaboticaba populations, it is essential to protect their natural habitat and implement conservation efforts. The methods used included seedling preparation, jaboticaba planting, and treatment and observation of soil conditions, air, light, and height gain. The results indicated that Jaboticaba can grow in areas with soil pH 5.5; 50% soil moisture, 28℃ air temperature, 69% air humidity, and 900 µmol/m²/s light intensity. The study employed an experimental approach to investigate the growth of Jaboticaba. The growth of Jaboticaba from 15 cm to 30 cm was promoted within the study period through continuous care, including watering and fertilization. The study results indicate that environmental factors play an important role in the growth of Jaboticaba. Therefore, protecting its natural habitat in Bengkulu, Indonesia is crucial for environmental sustainability and human health. Jaboticaba holds high ecological, economic, and health values. The study's findings regarding the cultivation, environmental requirements, and urgency of conservation are enlightening for safeguarding this species for future generations.

Jaboticaba berry (Myrciaria jaboticaba) supplementation protects against micro- and macrovascular dysfunction induced by eccentric exercise: a randomized clinical trial.

Physical activities that are unaccustomed and involve eccentric muscle contractions have been demonstrated to temporarily impair macrovascular and microvascular functions, which may be caused by exercise-induced oxidative stress. Jaboticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba) is a famous Brazilian berry that has been described to exhibit high antioxidant activity. However, no human study has investigated the protective effects of jaboticaba consumption against the vascular damage induced by eccentric exercise. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess whether supplementation with jaboticaba berry juice could positively affect macro- and microvascular functions within 48 hours after eccentric exercise. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial enrolled 24 healthy participants consuming 250 mL per day of jaboticaba berry juice (containing ∼1,300 mg of total polyphenols) or placebo for 6 days. At the baseline, pre-exercise, and 24 h and 48 h postexercise stages, blood samples were taken for analysis of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Also, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), blood flow, and tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) responses to 5-minute cuff occlusion were assessed using Doppler ultrasound and near-infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Our findings revealed significant decreases in blood GSH (P < 0.001, ES = 0.76), FMD (P = 0.005, ES = 0.48), reperfusion slope of StO2 (P = 0.018, ES = 0.42) at 24 h and blood flow (P = 0.012, ES = 0.42) at 48 h following eccentric exercise in the control group as compared to the jaboticaba berry juice group. Our results demonstrated that jaboticaba berry juice prevented the exercise-induced increase in reactive oxygen species production and protected macro- and microvascular functions against the damage caused by eccentric exercise, suggesting that jaboticaba berry consumption could protect the vascular function under conditions of imbalance in redox homeostasis.

Sequential extraction of anthocyanins and pectin from jabuticaba (Plinia cauliflora) peel: Peel pretreatment effect and ultrasound-assisted extraction.

The jabuticaba bark is rich in anthocyanins and fibers, and its use may be of industrial interest. In the food sector, its used as an ingredient in the production of fermented products, liqueurs or enriched flours. It also has pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. The objective was to evaluate the effect of pretreatment and fresh use of jabuticaba peels in the extraction of total phenolic compound (TPC) and total anthocyanin (TA) contents with and without ultrasound assistance and in the sequential extraction of pectin from the residue. In the TPC and TA extraction, a 3x2 factorial design was used. For conventional anthocyanin extraction (CAE), occurred in an incubator under agitation. For ultrasound-assisted anthocyanin extraction (UAE) was utilized an ultrasonic homogenizer with probe (20 kHz, 160 W). The extracts were quantified (TPC, TA, antioxidant activity and color). The residues were characterized and used for sequential pectin extraction, which was quantified and characterized. The results were subjected to analysis of variance. Fresh jabuticaba peel is a residue that can be used to sequentially extract phenolic compounds, particularly anthocyanins and pectin. The use of ultrasound (UAE) was less efficient than CAE for extracting TPC and TA or performing sequential extraction on all pretreatment peels.

Use of murici (Byrsonima crassifolia) and jabuticaba (Plinia cauliflora) residues in the preparation of porous materials: Effect of pH on the adsorption efficiency of the contaminants phenol, diethylphthalate and amoxicillin

Activated charcoals with the chemical activator (H3PO4) were synthesized from agro-industrial residues, Murici seeds (CA-MU) and Jabuticaba (CA-JA). The synthesized charcoals were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), point of zero charge (pHPZC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The charcoals produced presented mesoporous characteristics, surface areas of 884.226 m2.g−1 for CA-JA and 556.97 m2.g−1 for CA-MU, mean pore diameters suitable for adsorption of phenol (PHE), diethylphthalate (DEP) and amoxicillin (AMX). The chemical characterization indicated the acid profile of the surface of the charcoals, which presented pHPZC of 6.3 (CA-JA) and 6.7 (CA-MU). The adsorption studies, in aqueous solution of the pollutants (PHE), (DEP) and (AMX), indicated that the removal capacity is strongly influenced by the pH of the solution. Toxicity tests demonstrated that the adsorption process was responsible for decreasing the toxicity of the pollutants studied. Thus, given the results presented, the activated charcoals synthesized can be considered high potential adsorbents for applications in the removal of organic pollutants in aqueous solutions.

Understanding the habitat selection and natural history of the spider Deinopis cf. cylindracea (Deinopidae).

Habitat choice is fundamental for an animal foraging, defense, and reproduction. Ogre-faced spiders are known for their unusual morphology, natural history, and rarity. They are sit-and-wait predators that build net-like webs that are manipulated by spiders and thrown at their prey. Hunting behavior includes selecting microhabitats for web construction that reduces the likelihood of damage or entanglement in the substrate during prey capture. Therefore, we expect that Deinopis cf. cylindracea selects smooth surfaces to forage on. We observed D. cf. cylindracea associated with smooth trunks of Plinia cauliflora (Myrtaceae) in the natural environment and actively selecting smooth trunks over rough trunks or litter in controlled experiments. Such selection is likely to maximize the foraging strategy of launching the web towards the substrate. Aggregations had occurred more often in the 50 cm trunk closest to the ground, where the prey community is largest. During the day, this spider appears to choose sites where it can adopt a stick-like posture upon the vegetation near the ground. Hunting at night and resting cryptically during the day appears to be shaped by natural selection for the survival and reproduction of this spider species.

Establishment of Sinoxylon anale Lesne (Coleoptera, Bostrichidae) in Brazil: Identification, Host Plants, Distribution, and Damage.

Damage from Sinoxylon anale Lesne, a woodboring beetle not previously known to be established in Brazil, was observed in young jabuticaba trees (Plinia cauliflora, Myrtaceae) in a nursery in the municipality of Laranjal Paulista, state of São Paulo. We immediately advised MAPA ("Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento") and collected samples from the nursery and from different hosts in nearby areas, to identify the specimens and investigate the dynamics of the infestation in the jabuticaba trees. Sinoxylon anale was also collected in ethanol-baited and ultraviolet-light traps and in dry branches of the native species pau-jacaré (Piptadenia gonoacantha, Fabaceae) and inga (Inga vera, Fabaceae), and the exotic pau-d'água (Dracaena fragrans, Asparagaceae) in the municipality of Piracicaba, state of São Paulo. These collections established that S. anale larvae and adults develop in dead branches of four new host plants. Taxonomic studies using morphological parameters and DNA barcoding confirmed the identification of S. anale. An illustrated key to the three Sinoxylon species now recorded in Brazil is provided, and the COI gene sequences have been made available in a public database. Sinoxylon anale probably attacked the young jabuticaba trees after they were killed by larvae of long-horned beetles (Cerambycidae). So far, S. anale has been found established only in two locations in the same area of the state of São Paulo.

The Inhibition Activities of the Fruit Extract of Plinia cauliflora against Melanoma Cells and the Single-Stranded DNA-Binding Protein (SSB) from Klebsiella pneumoniae

Plinia cauliflora has been associated with numerous ethnobotanical applications. In this study, we uncovered that the fruit extract of P. cauliflora, obtained using 50% ethanol, possesses inhibition activity against the Klebsiella pneumoniae single-stranded DNA-binding protein (KpSSB). SSB plays a critical role in cell survival, making it an attractive target for the development of anti-infective drugs. The inhibition activity against KpSSB by the P. cauliflora extract demonstrated an IC50 value of 73 ± 8 μg/mL. By using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, the chemical content of this extract was tentatively determined. The top 15 compounds (&gt;0.7%) were as follows: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4h-pyran-4-one, 2,5-diformylfuran, furfural, ace-tic acid, citraconic anhydride, formic acid, ethyl 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enoate, furfuryl alcohol, furyl hydroxymethyl ketone, 3-acetyl-3-hydroxyoxolane-2-one, 2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one, 2(3H)-furanone, dihy-dro-4-hydroxy-, hydroxyacetone, and 1-hydroxybut-3-en-2-one. To analyze the possible binding modes, the three most abundant compounds were then subjected to docking analysis. We also investigated whether the P. cauliflora extract exhibited any cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects on the survival of B16F10 melanoma cells. Additionally, we found that the extract of P. cauliflora could inhibit the migration and induce apoptosis of B16F10 cells. The results of this study collectively suggest that P. cauliflora holds potential pharmacological benefits, warranting further exploration for therapeutic applications.

Pedunculagin and tellimagrandin-I stimulate inflammation and angiogenesis and upregulate vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in vivo

Pedunculagin (PD) and tellimagrandin-I (TL), isolated from Myrciaria cauliflora seeds and Eucaliptus microcorys leaves, respectively, have attracted great attention owing to their relevant biological activities, such as antitumor, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective activities. This study investigated the angiogenic potential of PD and TL using a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Using the CAM assay, our results showed that both PD and TL promoted a significant increase in the number and caliber of blood vessels, the thickness of the CAM, and the presence of fibroblasts and inflammatory cells. Moreover, an increase of tumor necrosis factor-α and vascular endothelial growth factor was observed in the CAM treated with PD and TL, indicating the induction of angiogenic factors. Thus, the remarkable profile of PD and TL in inducing angiogenesis opens up new perspectives for their potential utilization in different therapeutic approaches involving neovascularization.

Obtaining and characterizing polyphenol extracts based on anthocyanins from Melinis minutiflora inflorescences and Plinia cauliflora fruits and application in gelatins

Anthocyanins are a class of compounds potentially used as food dyes. Thus, this study aimed to obtain and characterize natural extracts from Melinis minutiflora inflorescence (M), Plinia. cauliflora peel (JP) and P. cauliflora peel and seeds (JPS) and apply them as natural food dyes in gelatins. The extracts did not show statistically significant differences in pH values and water activity. The M and JPS extracts showed similar values of anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds and were higher than those from the JP extract. The M and JPS extracts showed a bathochromic effect, which was not observed for the JP extract. The bathochromic effect may indicate a possible complexation of anthocyanins. The color composition analysis revealed that the JP extract has a higher absorbance at a wavelength of 520 nm, indirectly suggesting the presence of more monomeric anthocyanins in its composition. The extract application test in gelatin did not change the texture properties of the gelatins. In addition, our findings revealed that the JPS extract had the best color stability after ten days of analysis, indicating that anthocyanin complexation with the phenolic compounds of P. cauliflora seeds contributed more effectively to anthocyanin stability in the model used.