MWh Of Power Research Articles

Design of a Level-3 electric vehicle charging station using a 1-MW solar system via the distributed maximum power point tracking technique

Abstract Solar power is mostly influenced by solar irradiation, weather conditions, solar array mismatches and partial shading conditions. Therefore, before installing solar arrays, it is necessary to simulate and determine the possible power generated. Maximum power point tracking is needed in order to make sure that, at any time, the maximum power will be extracted from the photovoltaic system. However, maximum power point tracking is not a suitable solution for mismatches and partial shading conditions. To overcome the drawbacks of maximum power point tracking due to mismatches and shadows, distributed maximum power point tracking is utilized in this paper. The solar farm can be distributed in different ways, including one DC–DC converter per group of modules or per module. In this paper, distributed maximum power point tracking per module is implemented, which has the highest efficiency. This technology is applied to electric vehicles (EVs) that can be charged with a Level 3 charging station in <1 hour. However, the problem is that charging an EV in <1 hour puts a lot of stress on the power grid, and there is not always enough peak power reserve in the existing power grid to charge EVs at that rate. Therefore, a Level 3 (fast DC) EV charging station using a solar farm by implementing distributed maximum power point tracking is utilized to address this issue. Finally, the simulation result is reported using MATLAB®, LTSPICE and the System Advisor Model. Simulation results show that the proposed 1-MW solar system will provide 5 MWh of power each day, which is enough to fully charge ~120 EVs each day. Additionally, the use of the proposed photovoltaic system benefits the environment by removing a huge amount of greenhouse gases and hazardous pollutants. For example, instead of supplying EVs with power from coal-fired power plants, 1989 pounds of CO2 will be eliminated from the air per hour.

Design Simulation of Micro-Grid Hybrid Solar Power Plant as a Power Supply

PLTS has enormous potential in Indonesia, especially in Java-Bali, which accounts for 70% of Indonesia's electricity needs. In this study, a simulation of the PLTS system design was carried out using a hybrid microgrid as a power supply using PVsyst software to simulate PLTS performance. Power load requirements are adjusted to the specifications of electric vehicles. Meteonorm meteorological data were compared with field data to adjust for data variability. In the design simulation, there are three different slope angle scenarios, namely 10º, 13º, and 15º. The effective surface area for installing PLTS on an unmeasured roof is 35 m x 14 m (490 m2), so the number of modules that can be installed will be adjusted to the roof area. The PLTS system is capable of producing 169.3 MWh of power per year with an optimal tilt angle of 13º which has specific production of 1726 kWh/kWp/year and a performance ratio of 78.63%. PLTS is able to supply the power needs of 103 units of electric vehicles every day.

A new GIS-based algorithm to estimate photovoltaic potential of solar train: Case study in Gyeongbu line, Korea

Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is considered a forward-looking industry. Nevertheless, solar energy is yet to become a direct source of electric power for mobile vehicles. Recently, there have been cases where solar panels were attached to the roof of trains to generate electricity. In this study, a method was devised to estimate the power generated by a solar train with panels. The solar irradiance on the roof of a moving train was calculated with respect to the location and time of the train, as well as the shadow effects of obstacles. The preprocessing of the input data required for calculating solar irradiation was executed through Geographic Information Systems, and finally, an algorithm for calculating solar irradiation and power generation was developed. With the algorithm-embodied Graphical User Interface, when spatial information of various routes is provided, the PV potential for each route can be calculated. Experimental calculations were conducted on the Gyeongbu line in Korea. During train operation, 122.15 MWh of power can be generated per year, with a reduction of 56 tons of CO2. The results of this preliminary evaluation are expected to accelerate the growth of the solar train industry.

Economic Evaluation of Unused Space PV System Using the RETScreen Model - A Case Study of Busan, Gangseo-gu -

Recently, There has been much discussed about unused space. This space can be used in a variety of ways. Utilizing it as a facility, craft shop, and utilizing renewable energy generation facilities. Especially, in terms of climate change should be supplied renewable energy. Renewable energy needs to be developed in terms of responding to climate change, and the recent Paris agreement is also emphasizing the importance of renewable energy. In particular, renewable energy needs to be widely disseminated. And renewable energy is limited space. In this regard, idle land can provide opportunities for securing new renewable energy generation facilities. The introduction of new and renewable energy facilities in idle space can enhance the self-sufficiency rate of the local community, which is significant in terms of responding to climate. In this study, to investigate the possibility of utilizing a unused space for a photovoltaic power generation facility, we investigated the amount of electricity which could be generated through photovoltaic power generation, and the economic effects, using a RETScreen model. The results showed that 9,738 MWh of power can be generated and that 4,540 tCO2eqcan be saved. Regarding the economic effect, the net present value of the facility was shown to be 2,247,389,020 KRW. As the net present value was shown to be positive, we believe that the installation of a photovoltaic power generation facility in an unused space would have a positive economic effect. We found the net present value following the fluctuation of the SMP price to be positive, though there was some variation. However, as the economic efficiency was shown to be low because the net present value in relation to the maintenance costs was negative, we believe that maintenance costs must be taken fully into account when evaluating economic efficiency. In particular, as subsidies can be used to cover maintenance costs which must be factored into photovoltaic power generation, we believe that photovoltaic power generation can have an economic effect. Because spaces not currently in use can have a positive economic effect as renewable energy power generation facilities, and can also contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, unused spaces are thought to greatly help local governments to cope with climate change as well as reinforcing their related capabilities. We believe our study will help local governments with decisions relating to unused real estate utilization in the future.

Historical deposition and fluxes of mercury in Narraguinnep Reservoir, southwestern Colorado, USA

Narraguinnep Reservoir has been identified as containing fish with elevated Hg concentrations and has been posted with an advisory recommending against consumption of fish. There are presently no point sources of significant Hg contamination to this reservoir or its supply waters. To evaluate potential historical Hg sources and deposition of Hg to Narraguinnep Reservoir, the authors measured Hg concentrations in sediment cores collected from this reservoir. The cores were dated by the 137Cs method and these dates were further refined by relating water supply basin hydrological records with core sedimentology. Rates of historical Hg flux were calculated (ng/cm 2/a) based on the Hg concentrations in the cores, sediment bulk densities, and sedimentation rates. The flux of Hg found in Narraguinnep Reservoir increased by approximately a factor of 2 after about 1970. The 3 most likely sources of Hg to Narraguinnep Reservoir are surrounding bedrocks, upstream inactive Au–Ag mines, and several coal-fired electric power plants in the Four Corners region. Patterns of Hg flux do not support dominant Hg derivation from surrounding bedrocks or upstream mining sources. There are 14 coal-fired power plants within 320 km of Narraguinnep Reservoir that produce over 80 × 10 6 MWH of power and about 1640 kg-Hg/a are released through stack emissions, contributing significant Hg to the surrounding environment. Two of the largest power plants, located within 80 km of the reservoir, emit about 950 kg-Hg/a. Spatial and temporal patterns of Hg fluxes for sediment cores collected from Narraguinnep Reservoir suggest that the most likely source of Hg to this reservoir is from atmospheric emissions from the coal-fired electric power plants, the largest of which began operation in this region in the late-1960s and early 1970s.