Mutual Consideration Research Articles

THE ROLE OF DEMYTHOLOGIZATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRICS POLITICAL FIELD

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of getting rid of entrenched political myths that hinder the rapprochement of the peoples and countries of BRICS. A distinction is made between natural and artificial myths; debunking the former allows us to reveal new aspects of ethnic myths rooted in the mentality of traditional peoples, and demythologization of artificial political “pseudo-myths” as the results of clever political technologies frees, for example, the peoples of Africa from imposed Western ideologies that are far from solving pressing problems. It is extremely important to mythologize the indigenous political and mythological concepts of Western political science, for example, the concept of democracy, which becomes a genuine instrument of political struggle, a means of “debunking” any political regime that is objectionable to the West. It is shown that already in the twentieth century there was a rejection of the established mythologeme about ideal democracy, even within the framework of Western thinking. The article examines modern approaches to the interpretation of democracy in Russian political science, free from mythological overtones and rethinking it in various forms (for example, authoritarian, deliberative, state, socio-political). It also examines the need to debunk the main myth of the West, as presented by the famous political scientist S. Huntington, that Western civilization is the most developed and is forced to confront the whole world, taking a leading position in the inevitable “clash of civilizations”. Also, one of the fundamental myths of the Western world is clearly collapsing - about freedom as one of the main human rights. The problems of demythologization must be recognized by all participants of BRICS, a historically new political association, which is largely built on the basis of trust, consolidation of forces and mutual consideration of all national and state interests.

BRICS Expansion: A Geopolitical Triumph of Partner Countries

The BRICS organization is making significant and consistent progress in its development. The 15th BRICS Summit was held in Johannesburg from 22 to 24 August 2023. This summit is a global event that sets the trends and guiding principles for future economic policies. Four of the five BRICS member countries are among the ten largest countries in the world in terms of GDP, territory and population. According to open sources, the total area of the BRICS countries is 39.7 million square kilometers (26.7% of the world’s land surface), and the population is estimated at3.2 billion people (41.5% of the world’s population). The economic potential of BRICS, as the leading economic organization in the world, is more than significant. These competitive advantages in the economy and financial sphere represent an enormous resource of industrial, human and technological potential that can serve as the locomotive of the global economy. Following the conclusion of the above summit, the leaders of the BRICS countries adopted the final “Johannesburg-2” declaration, which noted the advisability of using their countries’ respective national currencies in international trade and collectively resolving problems related to international debt. In addition, decisions were made to expand BRICS and admit new member states to the organization. BRICS has established itself as a prominent entity on the global stage, whose influence in world affairs is consistently strengthening. The strategic course of their unification is aimed at planning for the future and meets the interests of the leading nations of the international community, the so-called world majority. By acting cohesively on the principles of equality, partnership support and mutual consideration, the BRICS member countries are effectively addressing the most pressing issues on the global and regional agenda. The BRICS member states are strongly in favor of the establishment of a multipolar world order that is based on international law and is fair. At the same time, they are committed to adhering to the fundamental principles of the United Nations Charter. BRICS is the most important guarantor of the legal foundations of international relations and a fair world order in general. The recent expansion of the BRICS group is a significant event that enables the group to have an even greater influence in international affairs. The presented article analyzes the features of the recent expansion of BRICS and its impact on world geopolitics, taking into account the admission of new states to the organization. The distinctive features of the BRICS group activities and its role in relation to the G7 and G20 are revealed. The trends in the transition to a multipolar world are discussed. Furthermore, issues of political and economic cooperation between the different BRICS member countries are analyzed.

MODELS OF ACADEMIC COLLABORATION COMMUNICATION BETWEEN UNIVERSITIES AND COMPANIES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES

The article explores models of successful interaction between academic institutions and companies. Communication between companies and universities can be seen as a social network of interaction built on mutual consideration of needs and interests to achieve specific goals. The relevance of training both company professionals at the university and teachers on new technologies and market features is also justified in order to improve the quality of training for young specialists.

Jurisprudential Conditioning of the Takaful Insurance Contract: A Case Study of Islamic Insurance in Jordan

This study aims to elucidate the reality of Takaful insurance, its juristic adaptation, and the impact of this adaptation on Islamic legal rulings. It also seeks to assess the extent of compatibility of the practical applications of Takaful insurance carried out by the Jordan Islamic Insurance Company with the decisions of the Islamic Fiqh Academy and the Sharia standards set by the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI). To this end, the research begins by presenting the reality of Takaful insurance, highlighting its differences from commercial insurance, and discussing its major juristic adaptations. The study also examines the juristic opinions regarding the Sharia rulings on the applications of Takaful insurance. Since the Sharia rulings on Takaful insurance are based on its juristic adaptation and its application in Islamic insurance companies, the research attempts to uncover the mechanisms for implementing this contract in the Jordan Islamic Insurance Company. This is done through a specific questionnaire developed based on AAOIFI standards and the decisions of the Islamic Fiqh Academy, distributed to managers and employees of the Islamic insurance company, as well as experts, academics, and clients of the Islamic insurance company with extensive experience in this field. The research concludes, after juristic discussions, that the best juristic adaptation for the Takaful insurance contract is mutual consideration with minimal permissible excess, and that there is no difference between Islamic insurance contracts and commercial insurance if both are applied in an Islamic company.

NATURE OF ECONOMIC SANCTIONS AND REASONS FOR THEIR APPLICATION

Economic sanctions are an important tool of international policy aimed at influencing countries that violate international standards or pursue aggressive policy. The essence of economic sanctions is to restrict trade, financial transactions, and investments to stimulate changes in political or economic behavior of the target country. Grounds for the application of economic sanctions may include human rights violations, annexation of territories, military aggression or other actions that contradict international norms. The international community bodies, such as the UN or the European Union, make decisions on the application of sanctions based on a joint assessment of the situation and the desire to preserve world peace and stability. The effectiveness of economic sanctions is a matter of debate, sometimes they can lead to changes in the country's policy, and sometimes they cause suffering to the population. Within the community of nations, it is important to balance the strategies of sanctions and diplomacy to achieve the desired results while maximizing the positive impact on the geopolitical situation.
 At the stage of searching for widely acceptable agreements in global trade and economic relations, mutual consideration of interests becomes especially important. In modern conditions, these spheres have become the object of unprecedented politicization. Considerable attention is paid to the values of free trade, which nowadays often become hostages of trade conflicts and unfair competition. Recently, sanctions have gained an important role in international economic relations. Motives for applying sanctions, including economic ones, can be diverse and depend on various factors, the main of which are political considerations. In most cases, economic sanctions are determined by political goals that are accomplished through economic pressure.
 The very term "sanctions" and their mechanism in the international sphere combine regulatory, political, and economic aspects, forming the interdisciplinary nature of this phenomenon in theoretical terms.

Formation of Fair and Safe World Order at the BRICS+ Platform

BRICS+ is intended to embody the idea of the unity of humanity and form a fair, secure world order, relying on a highly developed system of cooperation of all states based on common principles and goals while respecting the sovereignty of the diversity of participants. The process of determining the foundations of a new world order occurs in the course of complex interaction between states. In their foreign policy acts, states emphasize the importance of certain aspects of this order. But sufficiently holistic concepts are rare. One of the most developed is the Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation of 2000, which is largely devoted to the “formation of a new world order.” The new world order is designed to provide solutions to global problems. The guarantee of its effectiveness and reliability is mutual consideration of interests. The world order of the 21st century must be based on mechanisms for collective resolution of key problems, on the priority of rights and responsibilities. Among the tasks that must be solved in the conditions of the new world order, the central place is given to global justice and security. It is necessary that it become a positive force for all peoples of the world BRICS+ pays significant attention to information activities, which play an important role in the formation of fair and safe thinking. The Christian foundations of the formation of fair and safe thinking are relevant.

Machine learning advice in managerial decision-making: The overlooked role of decision makers’ advice utilization

Machine learning (ML) analyses offer great potential to craft profound advice for augmenting managerial decision-making. Yet, even the most promising ML advice cannot improve decision-making if it is not utilized by decision makers. We therefore investigate how ML analyses influence decision makers’ utilization of advice and resulting decision-making performance. By analyzing data from 239 ML-supported decisions in real-world organizational scenarios, we demonstrate that decision makers’ utilization of ML advice depends on the information quality and transparency of ML advice as well as decision makers’ trust in data scientists’ competence. Furthermore, we find that decision makers’ utilization of ML advice can lead to improved decision-making performance, which is, however, moderated by the decision makers’ management level. The study’s results can help organizations leverage ML advice to improve decision-making and promote the mutual consideration of technical and social aspects behind ML advice in research and practice as a basic requirement.

Barriers and Enablers to Implementing a Smoke-free Home and Car During Pregnancy: A Qualitative Study Among Expectant Israeli Fathers.

Secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy is a significant cause of negative health effects. This study aims to identify barriers and facilitators for implementing a smoke-free home and car among expectant Israeli fathers. Twenty-four qualitative semistructured telephone interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed according to a reflexive and collaborative thematic approach. Inclusion criteria were being male, Hebrew speaker, age ≥18 years, smoking at least one cigarette a day, and living with their nonsmoking pregnant spouse. The Capability, Opportunity and Motivation for Behavior (COM-B) model was used as a theoretical model for analysis. Participants reported feeling a strong responsibility for their pregnant spouse's comfort and health, stating that they are doing the best they can to reduce their spouse's secondhand smoke exposure (Motivation). Participants had a low level of knowledge about specific secondhand smoke health consequences, effective strategies to reduce secondhand smoke exposure, with incorrect perceptions about what constitutes exposure (Capability). Couple relationships were not affected by the husband's smoking habits, and participants expressed mutual consideration and understanding (Opportunity). Participants also expressed positive attitudes regarding smoke-free home and car implementation but emphasized that any changes have to be their own decision (Motivation). The present study identified principal Capability, Opportunity and Motivation barriers and facilitators that influence Israeli expectant fathers' decision to implement a smoke-free home and car. Those findings will inform the development of a digital behavioral intervention targeting expectant fathers to reduce prenatal secondhand smoke exposure. Secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy is a significant cause of negative health effects. Interventions among expectant fathers that focus on creating a smoke-free home and car may be effective because pregnancy has been identified as a "window of opportunity" that generates a strong motivation and creates a sense of urgency to change smoking behavior, while being considered more achievable than smoking cessation. Interventions might be effective if they focus on strengthening the parental responsibility among expectant fathers and emphasize the benefits of a smoke-free home and car, while maintaining male autonomy and increasing skills to effectively implement a smoke-free home and car.

할리우드 영화의 여성 연대에 관한 연구

This paper analyzed how female solidarity is represented in Hollywood films and its characteristics. Three classifications of Conventional Solidarity, Affectional Solidarity, and Reflective Solidarity suggested by Jodi Dean are used as theoretical frameworks in order to explain this. Before the fourth wave feminism, female characters were often portrayed as holding each other in check and keeping their distance from others. However, since 2011, when the fourth wave feminism began, the relationship between women in movies has been represented differently than before. Women share value norms to accomplish common interests, have conventional solidarity, and sometimes get together in affectional solidarity in which they internally cooperate with each other through mutual consideration and love and they also unite in reflective solidarity that can coexist even in the differences. Solidarity is a driving force that may achieve something; in a male-centered society, female solidarity was regarded as difficult one to be formed however relationships between women are being rebuilt through solidarity.

Gregorianisch, julianisch oder jüdisch? Die unterschiedlichen Kalendersysteme im Alltagsleben der Stadt Sluzk im Großfürstentum Litauen während des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts

Abstract This article examines the influence of different calendar systems on the coexistence of the Christian and Jewish population in the city of Slutsk in the early modern period. Various religious groups lived in Slutsk in present-day Belarus since the early 17th century. As a result, three different calendar systems determined the everyday life in the city: while the Gregorian calendar regulated the administration. The church year of the Orthodox majority was based on the Julian and the holidays of the Jewish residents on the Hebrew calendar. The inhabitants knew about the religious festivals of the other group, not at least because they affected the economic life of the whole city. Mutual consideration and a pragmatic approach to the various holidays enabled a largely conflict-free coexistence in everyday life. Occasional disputes are documented, when the common urban space is used for religious celebrations.

Economic, technical and regulatory aspects of food security amid emergencies

A comprehensive approach covering economic, technical and regulatory aspects of the problem is necessary to successfully solve the problems of food security in emergencies. This article embraces the basics of the “food security” concept and its constituents. The special traits of the food security amid emergencies are shown. Economic aspects of the problem are considered at the example of the actual COVID-19 pandemic. The performed analysis of the problem of mutual consideration of technical regulation and food safety issues proves the possibility and expediency of involving food safety issues in the technical regulation of food raw materials and food products, the formulation of recommendations regarding the practical consideration of the requirements of food safety issues in regulatory documents of various levels: national standards, standards of other level, technical conditions. It is advisable to implement the specified consideration by modifying the current and developing new regulatory documents.

Evolution of social work and other aid professions in Europe in the 20th and 21st centuries: towards a new professionalism of aid practices

The 20th century European welfare states appeared as the final products of all public activities undertaken to solve the 19th-century social issue. The welfare states’ infrastructure is founded on three main pillars: regulated labour markets, social transfers organized within social security systems and social services provided by specialists representing the variety of helping professions. In the 21st century the main field of social investment are social services and the role of professional helpers as agents of the well-being distribution is raising up. At the same time the framework of professional helping practices is reshaped due to evolution of social policy, changes of needs and expectations of citizens. The direction of ongoing changes is driven by such ideas as community-centred approach, personalization of support, concept of double empowerment (empowering both: social services users and deliverers), work on capabilities, cooperation between specialists representing the variety of helping professions and mutual consideration of competence. A special role in forming the new professionalism of helping practices is to be played by social work due to its special position among helping professions.

Back for Good

As venues shuttered across Australia, a fervent queer nightlife dreamed up new relations with virtuality, traversing the unstable terrains of memory and trauma. From reflections of sweaty dance floors to the 2020 Zoom-wave of internet performance, the mutual consideration of presence and lack both complexifies and reifies the stakes in reviving queer nightlife cultures.

UNIQUENESS AS A BASIC DEFINITION IN THE PROJECT COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The study and analysis of this issue in its symbiosis, i.e., the mutual consideration of communication management in the context of project management, is now not widespread in scientific circles and often has a specific practical description. That, in the author's opinion, also forms a certain potential in the relevance of such research. The purpose of the article is to study and analyze the features of communication in project management, as well as to determine the key methodological characteristics of this process. For successful implementation of communications in project management, as the author emphasizes, the following elements are highlighted: Communications planning – determining the information needs and expectations of participants, stakeholders. Distribution of information – timely provision of the necessary information that meets the requirements and expectations of the main participants of the project and stakeholders. Execution reporting. This information includes reports and monitoring on the current status, assessment of progress, and forecasting the progress of work on the project. Participant management – managing communications to meet the requirements and expectations of project participants and stakeholders for successful project completion. In project management, according to the author, we are dealing with a changed scheme of the process of evaluating the effectiveness of communication. At the same time, the changes do not concern the structural part, because the stages of functioning and development of the project itself can be flexible enough to respond to changes in the environment and thereby level out some of the structural elements. These changes relate specifically to the substantive part of this evaluation process. Thus, the author states that uniqueness is the main methodological component of the communication system in project management. This definition corresponds to the main content of project management and implements practically the content component of the whole communication process in project management. Along with the above, in the author's opinion, further research requires issues related to the risks and barriers of applying the elements of the uniqueness of communication activities in project management.

Scaling up qualitative research to harness the capacity of lay people in invasive plant management.

Successful management of invasive plants (IPs) requires the active participation of diverse communities across land tenures. This can be challenging because communities do not always share the views of scientists and managers. They may directly disagree, have alternative views, or be unwilling to manage IPs. Reviews of IP social science identify opportunities to better understand the role of cultural processes and everyday practices to address these challenges. To scale up and leverage the insights of existing qualitative social science IP research, we used meta-ethnography to unlock accounts and interpretations of lay perspectives. Meta-ethnography is a form of qualitative research synthesis increasingly used beyond its origins in health and education to produce interpretive syntheses of an area of research. In the 7 phases of meta-ethnography, we systematically identified and synthesized 19 qualitative articles pertinent to lay experience and knowledge of IPs in diverse settings. Action and meaning regarding IPs were influenced by 6 meta-themes in personal and social life: dissonance, priorities, difference, agency, responsibility, and future orientations. Through descriptions and examples of each meta-theme, we demonstrated how the meta-themes are higher level structuring concepts across the qualitative research that we analyzed and we retained grounding in the in-depth qualitative research. We characterized the meta-themes as leverage points and tensions by which we reframed lay people in terms of capacity for reflective IP management rather than as obstacles. The meta-ethnography synthesis shows how leverage points and tensions emerge from everyday life and can frame alternative and meaningful starting points for both research and public engagement and deliberation regarding IP management. These insights are not a panacea, but open up new space for reflective and mutual consideration of how to effectively navigate often complex IP problems and address conservation and social and livelihood issues in dynamic social and physical environments.

Research Capacity Training on Environmental Health and Noncommunicable Diseases in the Country of Georgia: Challenges and Lessons Learned during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

COVID-19 presented challenges for global health research training programs. The Clean Air Research and Education (CARE) program, which aims to enhance research capacity related to noncommunicable diseases and environmental health in the country of Georgia, was launched in 2020—as the COVID-19 pandemic began. At its foundation is mentorship and mentored research, alongside formal didactic training, informal training/meetings, and other supports. Current analyses examined CARE’s initial 1.5 years (e.g., program benefits, mentorship relationships) using data from an evaluation survey among trainees and faculty in January 2022. Trainees (100% response rate: n = 12/12; 4 MPH, 8 PhD) and faculty (86.7% response rate: n = 13/15; 7 Georgia-based, 6 United States-based) rated factors related to mentor-mentee relationships highly, particularly mutual consideration of each other’s thoughts, opinions, and perspectives; one major challenge was completing goals planned. Trainees and faculty identified several growth experiences and program benefits (e.g., skills development, expanding professional network) but also identified challenges (e.g., meeting program demands, communication gaps, unclear expectations)—exacerbated by the pandemic. Findings underscore the importance of strong mentorship relationships and that the pandemic negatively impacted communication and clarity of expectations. Given the likely ongoing impact of the pandemic on such programs, program leaders must identify ways to address these challenges.

Versatility of Interaction between Private and Public Sectors of Economy as a Result of Balanced Partnership Policy

The scientific article focuses on characteristics of public and private sectors of the economy in the context of considering their mutually beneficial long-term cooperation, as well as systematized approaches to the interpretation of the definition of «public-private partnership» (PPP). The works of foreign scientists in the field of researching the peculiarities of this form of partnership in the process of its evolutionary development are analysed, the experience of their implementation in different countries is presented, and the possibilities of implementing advanced scientific developments in modernization of economy and society in Ukraine are considered. The modern normative-legal support of the public-private partnership regulation is considered. The author argues that public-private partnership is a priority of government development programs which encourages strong and effective cooperation between government agencies and private business. Balance of interests between the studied sectors is a key factor in the success of public-private partnership in Ukraine, as the application of positive experience in PPP projects allows public and local authorities to address a number of important socio-economic issues. In the context of the formation of political, economic, legal and social attitude of public authorities to achieve partnership in the implementation of socio-economic development programs or investment projects, the researches of the diversity of public and private sectors, features of legal support of this interaction and identification of problems for its further development are extremely important. During the thematic research, the main relaxing (inhibitory) factors influencing the development of public-private partnership in Ukraine were identified, as well as key recommendations for improving the efficiency of public and private sectors of the economy. It is argued that the successful implementation of public-private partnership in Ukraine is possible only with mutual consideration of interests of the state and the private sector through trustful and transparent relationship between business and the state.

Euro-BioImaging – Interdisciplinary research infrastructure bringing together communities and imaging facilities to support excellent research

Euro-BioImaging – Interdisciplinary research infrastructure bringing together communities and imaging facilities to support excellent research

“Equally, but in our own way”: First-time parents’ prenatal expectations of coparenting

ABSTRACT This study examined the expectations of expectant first-time parents on coparenting in a Finnish two-parent family. Thirty expectant couples were individually interviewed (N = 60) during the third trimester of pregnancy. The semi-structured interviews focused on participants’ expectations and hopes on future coparenting. Thematic analysis revealed that the expectant first-time mothers and fathers saw coparenting as multidimensional. They talked about coparenting in terms of 1) division of labour issues, 2) management of family dynamics, 3) childrearing agreement, 4) coparental support, and 5) learning and developing. Thus, the expectant couples hoped for a coparenting relationship in which both parents become experts in parenting. Ideally, coparenting involves mutual respect, equality, flexibility, and consideration for the other parent. Coparenting was also seen as an opportunity to grow and learn together in the parenting and coparenting process, e.g. finding one’s own way both as a parent and as a couple and giving space to the other parent. While the expectant first-time parents expressed optimistic hopes and ideals about coparenting, they also raised concerns and challenges regarding interparental collaboration. The findings are discussed from the viewpoint of further elaborating and developing Feinberg’s (2003) model of the internal structure of coparenting.

THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE RF AND THE ECTHR: HISTORY OF RELATIONSHIP DEVELOPMENT

Absract: the article examines the issues of interaction between the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the ECHR in different historical periods. The author tried to study the provisions of regulatory legal acts and decisions of the judicial authorities of both Russia and foreign countries. The methodological basis of the research is made up of a set of methods, including dialectical, general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition. It is noted that Russia's complete refusal to comply with the decisions of the ECHR of at least some of the measures of a private nature is inadmissible due to the international obligations assumed by Russia and constitutional provisions on the right of citizens to judicial protection. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the ECHR should look for ways for mutual consideration of each other's decisions in order to protect the rights of citizens.