Concentration Of Mutans Research Articles

Effect of oil pulling on the Streptococcus mutans concentation in plaque around orthodontic brackets -A prospective clinical study.

Fixed orthodontic appliances create areas of plaque stagnation leading to an increase in the volume, structure, and composition of plaque. This increases the chances of decalcification and white spot lesions. Oil pulling, an ancient practice involving swishing oil in the mouth, has demonstrated a significant reduction in plaque scores after 45 days, and a reduction in salivary Streptococcus mutans concentration in few studies done in nonorthodontic subjects. The aim was to compare the concentration of S. mutans in plaque around orthodontic brackets in patients using oil pulling with sesame oil and those on routine oral hygiene. Twenty subjects requiring fixed orthodontic treatment were divided into two equal groups: Group A-Oil pulling and Group B-Control. All subjects were instructed to follow common oral hygiene methods and in addition, Group A was instructed to perform oil pulling for 30 days starting 1 month after placement of fixed appliances. Plaque specimens were collected from labial surfaces of maxillary lateral incisors and quantification of S. mutans was done using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mean and standard deviations for descriptive statistics, paired, and unpaired sample t-tests were analyzed. Comparison of S. mutans concentration between T1 and T2 demonstrated a significant difference in both control and study groups. The experimental group showed significantly lesser S. mutans concentration compared to the control group. Oil-pulling therapy with sesame oil resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the concentration of S. mutans in the plaque around orthodontic brackets.

MICROBIAL CARIOGENIC FACTORS AND THE MECHANISMS OF THEIR COUNTERACTION IN THE ORAL FLUID OF CHILDREN AT EARLY AGE

Objective – to determine the balance between pro- and antibacterial agents influencingupon the development of a carious process in children at an early age.Materials and methods. 117 children 2-3 years of age were examined. Two observationgroups were formed depending on the condition of the hard dental tissues. І groupincluded 52 children without caries, group II– 65 children with caries. The oral hygieneof the children from the observation groups was assessed by means of Kuzmina EM index.Lysozyme activity in the oral fluid was studied by means of bacteriological method. sIgАcontent was determined by means of radial immunodiffusion method. Streptococcusmutans concentration in the oral fluid of children was determined by means of «SalivaCheck Mutans» set. All the manipulations were carried out after an informed consent ofparents was obtained.Results. Oral hygiene in children during the period of the temporal occlusion formationis found to be unsatisfactory – (0,48±0,20) points according to Kuzmina EM index. Thelevel of colonization of the oral cavity with Streptococcus mutans is high in 34,48 %of stomatologically healthy children and in 73,33 % of children with caries. Underconditions of caries process development, the main protective components in the oralfluid change. In particular, sIgA level 17,14 % increases concerning the index of healthychildren (р<0,05), and lysozyme activity 1,25 times decreases respectively (р<0,05).Conclusions. All the children examined present soft dental plaque, which is confirmedby the values of hygienic indices and levels of Streptococcus mutans concentration,which is reliably higher in children from group II. Under conditions of caries processdevelopment, changes of the major protective components of the oral cavity appear. Theypromote effective action of cariogenic factors.

The effect of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide-modified stainless steel brackets on Streptococcus mutans.

To evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N)-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) coated stainless steel brackets activated with natural visible light and dental operating lights on Streptococcus mutans concentration in the plaque of orthodontic patients at 30 and 60 days. A total of 30 patients were recruited for this split-mouth study; 60 upper lateral incisor brackets constituted the study sample. A total of 30 brackets (15 right and 15 left) were coated with N-doped TiO2 using the (radio frequency) magnetron sputtering method. Plaque samples were collected at 30 days and 60 days after appliance placement. S mutans concentration was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. At both time intervals, the concentration of S mutans in the control group was greater than that in the study group (P = .005). In both the study and the control groups, the S mutans concentrations significantly increased from 30 to 60 days (P = .005). N-doped TiO2, on exposure to natural visible light and dental operating light, was effective in reducing the plaque concentration of S mutans in orthodontic patients. The efficacy was better at 30 days than at 60 days after placing the orthodontic appliances.

The Evaluation Of Streptococcus Mutans Content Of Saliva In Patients With Recurrent Oral Ulceration

Introduction: Recurrent oral ulcer is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by mucosa ulceration, which was believed to have bacterial etiology. Streptococcus mutans is one of the bacteria which have been implicated in this case; it is gram-positive bacteria that reside in the biofilms on the tooth surfaces. The aim of this study was to evaluate Streptococcus mutans content in saliva of recurrent oral ulcer patients and its role as a prognostic factor. Materials and Methods: Saliva samples were obtained from 60 patients. They were divided into two groups, 30 recurrent oral ulcer patients and 30 controls. Sample of whole unstimulated saliva was collected and dropped onto the Caries Risk Test bacteria kit media by micropipette. After incubation at 37oc for 48 hours, the viable colonies were observed and the presence of Streptococcus mutans was determined semiquantitatively. The association between level of salivary Streptococcus mutans and the occurrence of the recurrent oral ulcer was tested using chi-squared test with p≤0.05 was accepted as significant. Results: The level of Streptococcus mutans was significantly higher in oral ulcer group as compared to the control group (p=0.009782). Male shows higher Streptococcus mutans concentration than female in both groups. Conclusion(s): Positive Streptococcus mutans colonization in the saliva were most pronounced in patients who has recurrent oral ulcer, suggesting that there is a relationship between increased presence of Streptococcus mutans and recurrent oral ulcer which may lead to the conclusion that Streptococcus mutans may be involved in the disease process of recurrent oral ulcer.

Systemic consumption of probiotic curd and use of probiotic toothpaste to reduce Streptococcus mutans in plaque around orthodontic brackets

The objectives of the study were to evaluate and compare the effects of the systemic consumption of probiotic curd and the topical application of probiotic toothpaste on the Streptococcus mutans levels in the plaque of orthodontic patients. The study consisted of 60 orthodontic patients divided into 3 groups of 20 each. Group 1 was the control group. The patients in group 2 were given probiotic curd, and those in group 3 were asked to brush twice daily with probiotic toothpaste (GD toothpaste; Dental Asia Manufacturing, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia). Samples were collected at 2 times: before the study began and after 30 days. Plaque specimens were collected from the labial surfaces immediately surrounding the orthodontic brackets of the maxillary lateral incisors using a 4-pass technique. The presence of S mutans was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was performed, and comparisons were made using a 2-tailed chi-square test for categorical data (P<0.05). At the end of the study, there were reductions in S mutans concentration in groups 2 and 3 that were statistically significant compared with group 1, but there was no statistically significant difference between groups 2 and3. The consumption of probiotic curd and the use of probiotic toothpaste cause a significant decrease in the S mutans levels in the plaque around brackets in orthodontic patients. Although the probiotic toothpaste was more effective than systemic consumption, this was not statistically significant.

Changes of Streptococcus mutans concentration of plaque during fixed appliance treatment

To evaluate the dynamic changes of Streptococcus mutans concentration of plaque during fixed appliance treatment and the effects of two materials of ligation on Streptococcus mutans concentration. Twenty-eight patients undergoing fixed appliance treatment were observed. Ligature wire and elastomeric rings were applied on one side of arches, stochastically. The dynamic changes on the quantity and percentage of Streptococcus mutans were observed before and after fixed appliance bonding. Statistically significant increase of the quantity and percentage of Streptococcus mutans was found after fixed appliance bonding, and the percentage of Streptococcus mutans in the plaque around the brackets ligated with elastomeric rings was more than that of ligature wire at the beginning of fixed appliance bonding, statistically. The finding suggested that the caries-associated capability of the plaque increased after bonding and there was greater caries-associated capability of the plague on the teeth when elastomeric rings was used than that of the plague when ligature wire was used at treatment beginning. The ligature wire is recommended in the fixed appliance treatment.

Restoration-related salivary Streptococcus mutans level: a dental caries risk factor?

Objectives: The salivary level of Streptococcus mutans related to filled teeth was compared with the levels related to decayed and sound teeth, in order to establish whether the presence of restorations may increase the risk of infection of other teeth by Streptococcus mutans. Methods: The sound, decayed and filled teeth were recorded in 809, 6–7-year-old school-children. Salivary Streptococcus mutans detection (i.e. more than 1 × 10 4 CFU/ml) and counts were evaluated. Streptococcus mutans log count means and prevalence values of subjects with only sound teeth (group 1), with filled, without decayed teeth (group 2), with decayed, without filled teeth (group 3), were calculated and compared using the Student's t-test and the chi-square test. The effect of filled, decayed and sound teeth on Streptococcus mutans level was also evaluated using logistic regression. Results: Log count means and prevalence values of group 2 subjects were significantly lower than values of group 3 subjects (means, 0.92 vs 1.66; prevalence, 73.17% vs 94.63%) and statistically not-different from values of group 1 subjects (mean, 0.75; prevalence, 70.06%). The logistic regression analysis showed that the factors significantly increasing the risk of Streptococcus mutans being detected in saliva were only primary and/or permanent decayed teeth. The risk of Streptococcus mutans being detected in saliva was not affected by filled teeth more than sound teeth. Conclusions: In the present study population, the salivary Streptococcus mutans level attributable to filled teeth was low; this suggests that treatment of a carious lesion would cause a lowering of Streptococcus mutans concentration to the same levels as those shown by healthy subjects, thus reducing the risk of infection to other teeth.

Caries prevalence and salivary mutans streptococci in 0–2‐year‐old children of Japan

The prevalence of caries and the number and species distribution of salivary mutans streptococci in 356 children (aged 0-2 yr old) in Japan were examined twice at an interval of 1 yr. No mutans streptococci were isolated from the predentate children. The detection rate of mutans streptococci and the prevalence of caries increased with age. Mutans streptococci were isolated from 39.9% of the subjects. The majority of isolates were identified as Streptococcus mutans. The concentration of mutans streptococci correlated with the number of erupted teeth (r = 0.339). In addition, the concentration of mutans streptococci was more closely correlated to the caries prevalence of the next year (r = 0.465) than that of the year when the salivary concentration of mutans streptococci was first evaluated (r = 0.368). The children who had no caries but harbored mutans streptococci in the first year showed significantly higher caries prevalence in the next year than did the children with neither caries nor mutans streptococci. These results indicate that the establishment of mutans streptococci is associated with caries initiation in early childhood.

Mutans Streptococci, Oral Hygiene, and Caries in an Adult Swedish Population

The objective of the present study was to describe the distribution of salivary mutans streptococci in a randomly selected adult population and to relate the distribution to the prevalence of caries. The aim was also to study the association between caries and different levels of oral hygiene (OH). The results were based on the assessment of caries, dental plaque, and concentration of salivary mutans streptococci in 914 subjects who represented 95% of an age- and gender-stratified population sample of 967 individuals, randomly selected from the total adult population living in Alvsborg County, Sweden. The results showed that the distribution of mutans streptococci among dentate adults not wearing any kind of removable denture(s) was similar to that previously reported from studies on Swedish schoolchildren, while a comparably higher proportion of subjects with high levels of mutans streptococci was found among the dentate individuals wearing some kind of removable denture(s). Even higher proportions were found among edentulous individuals with complete denture(s). There was a correlation between mutans streptococci concentration in saliva and caries. The subjects with lower concentrations showed a significantly lower mean number of decayed surfaces, compared with the individuals with higher concentrations of mutans streptococci in their saliva. The median OH standard was lower in the older age groups, and there was a higher ratio of decayed surfaces per remaining tooth in those age groups, in comparison with the younger groups. However, for individuals without mutans streptococci, no relation between OH standard and caries could be found and, regardless of OH standard, higher numbers of decayed surfaces were found with an increasing concentration of mutans streptococci in saliva.