Muslim Patients Research Articles

Perioperative medication therapy for Muslim patients in Germany undergoing oncological surgery: a retrospective study

PurposeEngagement of healthcare professionals with patients from diverse cultural and religious backgrounds is crucial in our multicultural society, where miscommunication and errors in medical history taking can lead to incorrect treatment. In particular, Muslim patients may present unique considerations due to their specific cultural and religious beliefs, which can significantly impact treatment outcomes. This study focuses on perioperative medication therapy for patients undergoing upper and lower gastrointestinal tract and pancreatic tumor surgery, specifically examining whether Islamic beliefs were duly considered in medication selection compared to a matching patient cohort.Materials and methodsData from January 2004 to July 2023 were analyzed. Muslim patients were identified using the onomastic method and matched with non-Muslim patients at a 1:3 ratio based on age, gender, and procedure. Analysis included examination of subcutaneous, oral, and intravenous medications, with attention to ingredients and compatibility with Islamic principles.ResultsAmong 5272 patients, only 5 met the study’s inclusion criteria as Muslim patients, undergoing procedures such as anterior rectum resection, gastrectomy, and pancreatic head resection. Their religious affiliations were not documented in the admission records. According to the matched-pair analysis, consistent treatment was performed regardless of religious beliefs. All patients received subcutaneous medication, primarily enoxaparin, instead of fondaparinux, an Islam-compliant alternative. Intravenous heparin was used once for short period. Contrary to Islamic dietary restrictions and the availability of alternatives, capsules containing animal-derived gelatin and other non-compliant medications were administered orally.ConclusionThis study underscores the importance of acknowledging Muslim patients’ cultural and religious backgrounds in the perioperative setting, as failure to do so may lead healthcare professionals to overlook their potential alternative medication needs, which are essential for providing tailored medical care in modern societies. Integration of diversity-related topics into medical curricula is essential for better preparing physicians for clinical practice and ensuring patient-centered care.

A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing 2 Levothyroxine Regimens During Ramadan Fasting in Thyroidectomized Patients.

For Muslim patients on levothyroxine (L-T4) therapy, the best approach for L-T4 intake during Ramadan fasting remains unclear. We compared 2 practical approaches for L-T4 intake during Ramadan. We randomly assigned 69 patients (21 males, 48 females, median age 44 years) with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) who underwent thyroidectomy in the past and are on stable LT4 doses to 2 arms. Arm A (33 patients) ingested their pre-Ramadan L-T4 dose at the evening meal and ate immediately. Arm B (36 patients) increased their pre-Ramadan dose by 25 µg if their regular L-T4 dose was ≤150 µg/day or by 50 µg if their pre-Ramadan dose was >150 µg/day and ate immediately. At the beginning of Ramadan (baseline), the median thyrotropin (TSH) level and the numbers of patients in euthyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism (Shyper), or subclinical hypothyroidism (Shypo) were comparable between the 2 arms (P = .69 and P = .65, respectively). At the end of Ramadan, in arm A there were 17 (51.5%), 3 (9.1%), and 13 (39.4%) patients in euthyroidism, Shyper, and Shypo compared with 17 (47.2%), 14 (38.9%), and 5 (13.9%) patients, respectively, in arm B (P = .005). The mean ± SD TSH levels in arms A and B at the end of Ramadan were 5.6 ± 6.0 mU/L and 1.67 ± 2.6 mU/L, respectively (P = .0001). No overt thyroid dysfunction developed but there were more cases of Shypo in arm A and Shyper in arm B. Arm B achieved desirable levels of TSH (normal or slightly suppressed) in 86% of cases and might be a preferable approach, especially for patients who need TSH suppression (eg, DTC).

Muslim Patients' Religious & Spiritual Resource Needs in US Hospitals: Findings from a National Survey.

Healthcare provided without attending to patients' religious/spiritual needs contributes to inequities. Assess Muslim American views on the importance and accessibility of religious/spiritual resources in hospitals. A survey was distributed at community events and online to self-reported Muslim adults. It contained measures of religiosity, importance and availability of specific religious/spiritual resources, and conventional sociodemographic descriptors. Analyses utilized chi-squared tests and regression models to test associations between participant characteristics and views on the importance and availability of religious/spiritual resources in hospitals. Of the 1281 respondents, many (68%; n = 875) were women, and South Asian (39%; n = 492) or Arab (37%; n = 469). Almost all (95%; n = 1203) noted it was important to have their religious/spiritual needs met in the hospital. The most important resources were halal food (93%; n = 1188), a neutral prayer space (93%; n = 1188), and medications without pork or alcohol (92%; n = 1177), yet a minority found such resources available; halal food (17%; n = 111), prayer space (26%; n = 169), and medication without pork or alcohol (9.3%; n = 59). Almost all (92%, N = 1180) felt comfortable identifying as Muslim in the hospital, yet few (27%, N = 173) were asked. Participants with higher positive religious coping placed greater importance on religious/spiritual needs being met (OR 1.15, p < .05). Those regularly attending congregational prayer services (β 0.2, p < 0.001), with more positive religious coping (β 0.11, p < 0.001), for whom Islam informed their whole approach to life (β 0.34, p < 0.001), and those with greater perceived discrimination in medical settings (β 0.03, p < 0.022) placed greater importance on the availability of Islamic resources in hospital. Those asked about religious affiliation (OR 2.23, p < 0.01) had higher odds of believing their religious/spiritual needs were met. Muslim Americans have substantial unmet religious/spiritual resource needs in hospital settings. Patient-centered, equitable care may be enhanced by clinicians inquiring about, and mobilizing resources to attend to these.

Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on kidney function of type 2 diabetes patients during Ramadan: A systematic review.

SGLT2 inhibitors are known for their osmotic diuretic effect, and their use by Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes during the fasting month of Ramadan may pose an increased risk of volume depletion, potentially impacting renal function. We conducted a systematic review registered on PROSPERO (registration number CRD42020204582) of studies published between 2013 and January 2023, sourced from PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The study selection criteria included controlled studies that reported the use of SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) by fasting adult type 2 diabetes patients and provided data on creatinine or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as outcomes. Two prospective observational studies, encompassing a total of 359 participants, of which 197 utilized SGLT2 inhibitors, were identified. Our findings indicated that the use of SGLT2 inhibitors during Ramadan did not result in a significant alteration in eGFR. In one study by Hassanein et al., the mean changes in eGFR for the SGLT2i group, as compared to the non-SGLT2i group, were -1.2 ± 19.4 and 3.1 ± 14.8, respectively (p = 0.06). In a study by Shao et al., the least squares mean changes for eGFR in the SGLT2i group, compared to the non-SGLT2i group, were -6.0 ± 1.5 (95% CI, -8.9 to -3.1) and -4.2 ± 1.6 (95% CI, -7.3 to -1.1), respectively (p = 0.39). Despite the limited number of observational studies available, our analysis suggests that the use of SGLT2 inhibitors by type 2 diabetes patients during Ramadan does not appear to significantly impact kidney function.

Experiences of Muslim patients living with peritoneal dialysis: A qualitative study in Southern Thailand.

Living with peritoneal dialysis affects the patient's life. The experiences of peritoneal dialysis patients, especially Muslim patients, are incomprehensible. There is a need to explore this area further to foster nursing practice improvement through enhanced understanding. The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of Muslim patients who are undergoing peritoneal dialysis. A qualitative descriptive design was employed to gain a deeper understanding of the experiences of Muslim patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis in a peritoneal dialysis unit in Southern Thailand. Participants were initially recruited through purposive sampling and then selected based on the inclusion criteria. Data saturation was reached from October 2019 to January 2020. Ten Muslim patients who had been receiving peritoneal dialysis for a minimum of one month participated in personalized, in-depth, face-to-face interviews, which were supplemented by field notes. Inductive content analysis was performed using open coding, categories, and abstractions. The experiences of Muslim patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis were grouped into two main categories: 1) Overwhelmed by change and 2) Learned to survive. Peritoneal dialysis has a significant impact on Muslim patients, especially during the first months of treatment. Recognizing religious teachings and strengthening religious commitment through participation in religious practices are central to living on peritoneal dialysis. The findings offer a more profound insight into the experiences of Muslim patients receiving peritoneal dialysis. These results can be foundational knowledge for establishing and improving culturally appropriate nursing practices for Muslim patients.

A Directed Content Analysis: What are the spiritual needs for Muslim patients’ ongoing haemodialysis treatment?

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) significantly impacts patients' mental health, with dialysis often leading to psychological distress and depression. This qualitative study explored the spiritual needs of Muslim patients undergoing hemodialysis, utilizing semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis. Findings highlight the importance of religious rituals, practices, and spiritual support from healthcare professionals, family, and community in providing solace and optimism during medical treatment. The study emphasizes the significance of addressing spiritual needs in patient care to enhance health outcomes and quality of life for Muslim patients with CKD. This research contributes to the growing field of spirituality in healthcare.

The impact of spinal fusion of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in Salah (Islamic Prayer) movement: a retrospective case-control study

Background: Corrective spine surgery is widely accepted for treating severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Postoperative spinal range of motion (ROM) could be affected after such surgery. In certain populations, such as Muslims, this ROM change can impact daily life, as it may affect the five-times-a-day prayer (Salah). This study aims to assess the influence of spinal fusion (SF) in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) during the daily Islamic prayer (Salah). Methods: SF-AIS patients were videoed while performing Salah prayer. The kinematic documentation was assessed and compared to Salah movements of a control group of age-matched Muslim AIS patients, who had not had surgery. The prayer quality changes were subjectively classified into improved, no change/remained, and worsened, according to the Global Perceived Effect (GPE). Functional outcome and pain were assessed by the Scoliosis Research Society Questionnaire Version 30 (SRS-30). Results: Thirty-nine women and five men (mean age±SD: 14.8±2.3 years) met the inclusion criteria, and unoperated AIS patients were used as control (twenty-two women, mean age±SD: 15.32±1.43 years). The prostrations ROM of the SF-AIS group differed significantly from the control group (p&lt;0.05). The GPE of the prayer movement showed improvement in 36.4%, no change in 59.1%, and worsening in 4.5% of the SF-AIS patients. The worsened group had a significantly lower bowing ROM and higher prostrations ROM compared to all groups of prayer quality changes (p&lt;0.05). SRS-30 scores showed good outcomes (function 4.0±0.2, pain 4.2±0.5), along with the overall bowing ROM and prostrations ROM (84.2±12.0° and 53.4±9.6°, respectively). Moreover, a significant moderate positive correlation between the bowing ROM and pain (r=0.417, p=0.007) was also found. Conclusion: Spinal fusion positively affects AIS Islamic patients in maintaining their daily Salah movement, ROM and prayer quality. Prayer quality assessment should be given extra attention as an adjuvant of the SRS-30 questionnaire to evaluate Muslim patients.

Impact of Sharia hospital service standards and religiosity commitment on patient satisfaction and loyalty: insights from certified Sharia hospital in Indonesia

Purpose This study aims to analyze the influence of the dimensions of Sharia hospital service standards, religiosity commitment and trust of Muslim patients on attitudes and satisfaction, as well as the implications of loyalty. Design/methodology/approach This study was carried out by analyzing data obtained from a survey with purposive sampling techniques with 425 patients in an Indonesian-certified Sharia hospital and analyzing it using partial least squares structural equation modeling software to test the path modeling and the relationship between the instruments. Findings This study shows that hospital amenities, doctor’s services, nurses’ services, health-care technicalities and hospital environmental and administrative behavior affect patient satisfaction. In addition, religiosity and trust in encouraging patient attitudes determine patient satisfaction. High satisfaction points will increase loyalty to Sharia hospitals. Research limitations/implications This study encourages managers to maximize the quality of humanist Islamic medical services and the infrastructure of comfortable facilities. In addition, hospitals need to improve their holistic atmosphere, technical services and administrative behavior so that they can become essential value for hospital marketing – the development of competence and ethical behavior of health workers through various training programs internally and externally. Originality/value This study presents the determination of Sharia hospital service standards accompanied by a commitment to religiosity and trust as a psychological perspective of Muslim patients on attitudes and satisfaction and its implications on the brand loyalty of Indonesian Sharia hospitals that have been officially certified.

Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias in Muslim Women: Recommendations for Culturally Sensitive Care.

Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) present significant challenges including cognitive and functional loss, behavioral disruption, emotional distress, and significant financial burden. These stressors are amplified in minority groups, who experience higher rates of ADRD but less frequent and later diagnosis. There is therefore a critical need to identify tangible approaches to culturally informed dementia assessment and care for patients from diverse communities. Muslim patients and particularly Muslim women are among the populations most understudied in the ADRD space. Muslim patients may hold unique religious, spiritual, and cultural beliefs and practices that can impact care-seeking for dementia symptoms, diagnostic accuracy, and treatment uptake. This paper outlines culturally informed approaches to assessing and treating Muslim women and families at each stage of ADRD care, though many recommendations extend to the broader Muslim community and others of diverse racial-ethnic backgrounds. We provide concrete suggestions for building rapport within and leveraging common family structures, respecting principles of modesty and privacy for all women including those who observe hijab or niqab, and communicating dementia diagnosis and care in the context of spiritual and ethical beliefs. While not intended as a comprehensive and prescriptive guide, this review provides important points of consideration and discussion with patients of Muslim backgrounds.

Optimizing the Health of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Islamic Approaches and Volunteers

Depression, which is prevalent in patients with diabetes mellitus, can be addressed by integrating Islamic mindfulness practices and family volunteer support. This study assessed the impact of combining Islamic mindfulness practice (IMP) with family volunteer support on depressive symptoms and knowledge in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 120 Muslim patients diagnosed with T2DM and having a Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) score &gt;17 participated. The intervention group engaged in facilitated group discussions led by family volunteers, focusing on Islamic mindfulness techniques and diabetes education. The results underscored the importance of family volunteer support combined with Islamic awareness for T2DM patients with depression, showing reduced depressive symptoms as measured by the BDI after the intervention. In addition, the intervention group showed improved knowledge of the chronic condition based on Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ) data compared to the control group. In conclusion, integrating Islamic awareness and family volunteer support in caring for T2DM patients with depression can reduce depressive symptoms and improve T2DM knowledge.

Exploring Muslim Communities' Experiences and Barriers While Accessing Assisted Reproductive Technologies: A Scoping Review of International Literature.

This study adopted a scoping review methodology to analyze international literature on the barriers impacting Muslim couples' access to equitable assisted reproductive technologies (ART). A total of 27 studies were included for review. Results show that Muslim communities face several barriers when accessing ART. These include cultural and religious barriers that impacted which aspects of ART couples were open to adopting, diminished quality of care due to low cultural/religious capacity of practitioners, as well as gendered norms which intersect with experiences of ART treatments. Further research, based in western countries, should be conducted to better understand how these contexts can support Muslim patients accessing ART.

Challenges during prayer (namaz/salah) rituals in Muslim patients with Parkinson’s disease

Challenges during prayer (namaz/salah) rituals in Muslim patients with Parkinson’s disease

Verification of 2021 IDF-DAR risk assessment tool for fasting Ramadan in patients with diabetes attending primary health care in The Kingdom of Bahrain: The DAR-BAH study

BackgroundThere is a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus among Muslim adult patients. Those Muslims are required to fast the holy month of Ramadan. However, the Islam religion exempted some people with medical issues. It was not clear if all the patients with diabetes were considered medically unfit to fast Ramadan. Therefore, IDF-DAR group created a new risk calculator to categorize the patients with diabetes to advise with or against fasting accordingly. ObjectiveThis study is validating the IDF-DAR tool in assessing the accuracy of IDF-DAR risk calculator tool on adult patients with diabetes visiting primary health care in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The study will facilitate the health care professionals’ decision to exempt the patients from fasting. MethodsIt is a prospective, randomized study for Ramadan 1444/2023 to assess the new IDF-DAR risk score tool that predicts the complications and the negative outcome of fasting during Ramadan. It included pre- and post-Ramadan questionnaires. 757 patients were selected randomly from the patients list of the central diabetes clinics in primary health care for pre-Ramadan risk assessment scoring. Post-Ramadan a phone a questionnaire was done to evaluate the ability of fasting and the occurrence of adverse events. ResultsOut of the 757 participants, 611 were included in the study. The mean age of the studied population was 59.8 years and 52.8 % of them were female. 630 (95.3 %) had type 2 diabetes. According to the new IDF-DAR risk calculator, 184 (27.8 %) were categorized as low risk (≤3 score), 252 (38.1 %) as moderate risk (3–6 score), and 225 (34 %) as high risk (>6 score). The percentage of patients completed their 30 days fasting successfully without reporting adverse events in the low, moderate, and high-risk groups were 92.4 %, 89.3 %, 74.7 % respectively. There was significant increased risk in breaking the fast between the low-risk group and high-risk group with a p-value of <0.001. Similarly, there was significant increased risk in breaking the fast between the moderate-risk group and high-risk group with p-value of <0.001. The main reason of breaking the fast was hypoglycemic attacks. The leading factors that play a significant role in increasing the risk of adverse events during fasting Ramadan were type 1 diabetes mellitus, the presence of previous hypoglycemia attacks, the presence of renal impairment, and negative previous Ramadan experience. ConclusionThe new IDF-DAR risk calculator is a good tool to predict both the ability to fast Ramadan and the probability of experiencing adverse events (mainly hypoglycemia) in people with diabetes mellitus in Kingdom of Bahrain.

Exploring a Qualitative Study on the Needs of Orthopaedic Muslim Patients During Period of Immobilisation

Exploring a Qualitative Study on the Needs of Orthopaedic Muslim Patients During Period of Immobilisation

RUQYAH: LISTENING TO QURANIC VERSES, A DISEASE TREATMENT STRATEGY

The global Muslim population has surpassed two million, and Islamic principles emphasize accepting teachings from the Holy Quran and Sunnah for theoretical and practical guidance. Among these teachings is the recommendation to seek healing through reciting the Quran, known as 'Ruqyah Shar'iyya.' Despite its significance, medical professionals in Muslim-majority countries often need more awareness of Ruqyah, leading to an overreliance on pharmacological treatments with potential side effects. This study aims to increase awareness among healthcare providers about authentic and updated knowledge regarding Islamic teachings related to disease treatment through listening to the Quran and supplications. Through a descriptive literature review, the research explores critical terms such as Ruqyah, shifa (healing), treatment by Quran, spiritual treatment, Islamic treatment, and supplication in various sources, including the Quran, Hadith books, Google Scholar, and PubMed. While pharmacological treatments remain the primary approach for many diseases, this study suggests that non-pharmacological strategies, such as Quran recitation (Ruqyah) and specific supplications, align with the recommendations of Prophet Mohammad (ﷺ). Training doctors, nurses, and healthcare providers in the Muslim community to incorporate Ruqyah into their practice or involving Ruqyah professionals for Muslim patients can offer additional treatment options. This approach promotes healing without side effects and enhances patients' patience, satisfaction, and overall well-being. Such practices improve quality of life and foster trust in the doctor-patient relationship.

Incidence of hypoglycemia among patients with type 2 diabetes who fasted during Ramadan

Background and Objectives: Fasting causes a major change in the dietary habits including the frequency, the timing, and the patterns which will result in a major change in the metabolic response of the body. Physicians should advise the patients about the complications of diabetes mellitus during fasting especially hypoglycemia, the aim of this study is to determine the relation between fasting Ramadan in type 2 diabetes and hypoglycemia risk. Methods: This is a cross-sectional prospective study, which included 304 Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are receiving oral hypoglycemic agents as management were included in this study, while those on insulin were excluded. These patients had decided to fast Ramadan during 2019 in two cities, 122 patients were from Duhok city and 183 patients from Erbil city, Kurdistan region of Iraq. All patients’ body mass index recorded and a blood sample was taken to measure HbA1c and lipid profile. Results: Most patients had no attacks of hypoglycemia (86.20%), while 13.80% had one or more hypoglycemic attacks. The attacks of hypoglycemia confirmed clinically and biochemically that is by checking random blood sugar. There was no significant correlation between the hypoglycemic attacks and the variables studied in this article, such as the duration of diabetes, oral hypoglycemic agents, however, there was significant relation between hypoglycemic attacks and days of fasting in Ramadan and ready to break fasting (P value of 0.026 and 0.008 respectively). Conclusion: There was no association between fasting Ramadan and development of hypoglycemic attacks, however physicians must warn patients about the possible risk of hypoglycemia during fasting and it’s the patient’s own decision to continue fasting or not.

(266) Examining the Experience of Sexual Dysfunction and Spiritual Abuse among Cisgender Muslim Women in North America

Abstract Introduction Muslim women are an underrepresented and underserved population in North America who often do not seek care for their sexual traumas and sexual difficulties. In order to better serve this population with minimal bias, it is important for healthcare providers to understand their vast experiences with spiritual abuse and sexual dysfunction, as well as reasons for not seeking healthcare related to sexual dysfunction. Objective To understand the experiences of cisgender Muslim women in North America with regards to sexual function, sexual abuse and spiritual abuse. Methods To investigate these topics, a survey was administered to 771 Muslims between the ages of 18–45 who live in the US and Canada 2020. The majority of respondents were heterosexual females, were part of the Sunni sect of Islam, had a bachelor’s degree or higher, and were of South Asian, Asian, Middle Eastern, or Arab ancestry. Aspects of sexual functioning such as the frequency of sexual desire, arousal during sexual intercourse, achievement of orgasm, and pain during or after vaginal penetration were assessed. Results Of the 158 respondents who reported having experienced sexual pain, only 34.4% sought healthcare for this problem. The most commonly cited reasons included fear or shame, unawareness, doubt that the situation would improve, and resolution of the pain on its own. 530 participants were asked if religion or spirituality have been used to: force them to make decisions they are opposed to (76.4%), force them to engage in a non-consensual sexual act (14.6%), isolate from others (57.9%), minimize the abuse they experienced (48.7%), or prevent them from speaking out against abuse (53.9%). Conclusions This data provides insight into a Muslim cohort’s frequency of sexual burdens which include dysfunction and abuse. Understanding how spiritual abuse can influence patients’ familial, romantic, and sexual relationships may help providers to administer culturally competent care to Muslim patients. Disclosure No.

Medical Ethical Issues, an Islamic Perspective

Morality is a unique human subject. It is affected by a number of cultural factors, such as history, tradition, education, and religious beliefs. Ethics is based on two basic concepts: one is a "value" and the other is the duties "must". In the Islamic faith Health and illness as life and death are not mere facts, they include many values that must be respected. The disease, for example, is not only a medical scientific fact like other physiological phenomena. Despite the rise of secular people most of the arabs are believers and religion remains a significant force in society. Diseases and physical suffering have a big impact on the Muslim's life. It tests endurance, faith, and submission to one almighty God, who has healing powers for all patients. How staff ‘does’ good medical ethics depends on this perspective. To understand the Islamic contribution to medical ethics, five topics are discussed; first, obeying. God's commandments; second, categorising of commandments; third, the 5 guiding principles of Islamic Law (maqased); fourth, judging actions by intention and fifth, refers to a warrant belief in the divine decree and the predestination. In many Western countries multi-cultures and multi-religious textures are met including Muslim citizens and new immigrants. Medical Staff will be required at one point during their work to treat these Muslim patients; therefore, a minimum level of cultural awareness is a prerequisite for the delivery of care that is culturally sensitive. In this paper, there is the highlight of certain key teachings in Islamic medical issues and their applications. Hopefully, the insights gained will aid medical staff to better understand their Muslim patients and deliver care that pays due respect to their beliefs. Muslims in the U.S. and in Europe come from diverse backgrounds. Understanding their beliefs and observances is crucial for providing culturally competent care. In bringing any religious perspective to bear on medico-moral issues, a willingness to listen and courtesy in the debate is necessary.

Culturally competent respect for the autonomy of Muslim patients: fostering patient agency by respecting justice.

Although Western biomedical ethics emphasizes respect for autonomy, the medical decision-making of Muslim patients interacting with Western healthcare systems is more likely to be motivated by relational ethical and religious commitments that reflect the ideals of equity, reciprocity, and justice. Based on an in-depth cross-cultural comparison of Islamic and Western systems of biomedical ethics and an assessment of conceptual alignments and differences, we argue that, when working with Muslim patients, an ethics of respect extends to facilitating decision-making grounded in the patient's justice-related customs, beliefs, and obligations. We offer an overview of the philosophical contestations of autonomy-enhancing practices from the Islamic tradition of biomedical ethics, and examples that demonstrate a recommended shift of emphasis from an autonomy-centered to a justice-focused approach to culturally competent agency-promotion.

Examining Cultural Comfort and Knowledge in Undergraduate Nursing Students After the Implementation of an Online Educational Animation on Providing Care for Muslim Patients.

With rapidly growing members of the Islamic faith, health care providers should expect to care for Muslim patients regardless of their chosen specialty. The quality of care provided hinges on their knowledge and understanding of Islam. This study aimed to analyze the influence of an educational animation on undergraduate nursing students' cultural comfort and knowledge concerning the health care needs of Muslims. An educational animation was created addressing the unique health care needs of Muslim patients. Surveys (pre, post, 6 weeks) (n = 658) assessed cultural comfort and knowledge on covered topics. Student knowledge (pre: 12.4 ± 0.1; post: 14.4 ± 0.2; p < .01) and cultural comfort (pre: 4.0 ± 0.03; post: 4.1 ± 0.03; p < .05) increased after viewing the online educational animation. The increase in knowledge was sustained at 6 weeks. Students recommended additional topics for the future. This study highlights how an innovative educational animation can enhance students' understanding of providing care for Muslim patients, positively impacting patient outcomes.