Music Process Research Articles

디지털 매체 및 인공지능 기반의 과정 중심 음악창작 수업 모형 제안

This study aims to provide specific procedures and core teaching-learning contents for music education in school while suggesting an instructional model for process-centered music creation employing digital media and artificial intelligence. To this end, the researcher reviews the several instructional models for music creation in the field of music education, and identifies the key process for digital media and AI-based music activities. Based on the finding, the researcher introduces a novel instructional model for process-centered music creation based on digital media and AI tools. Furthermore, in the light of the instructional model, the researcher demonstrates how music textbooks can be effectively reorganized using digital media and AI tools. Additionally, the researcher proposes specific educational suggestions for teaching and learning activities and process-centered evaluation, thereby contributing to enhance the quality of music creation process for music education in school.

Influence of European Genre Model on Chinese Chamber Instrumental Ensemble with Piano

In today's world, the rapid development of Chinese culture and its influence on the music scene underscore the necessity for systematic research into the Chinese piano chamber ensemble. The growing interest in this musical genre challenges many widely accepted notions about musical tradition and prompts a deeper understanding of its characteristics and impact on contemporary music art. The purpose of the research is to study and analyse the musical and cultural interrelationships within the Chinese piano chamber ensemble to better understand its essence and role in the modern music world. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive approach, incorporating analysis of musical material, historical and cultural methods, as well as comparative analysis. Modern theoretical concepts are applied to reveal the significance of the piano chamber ensemble in the context of cultural transformation and to examine the interaction and influence of national and non-national musical traditions on the formation of the musical genre, as well as its role in cultural exchange and interaction between different cultural traditions. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the first attempt to systematise and analyse the musical-cultural interrelationships within the Chinese piano chamber ensemble, which opens up new horizons for further understanding of musical culture and processes of cultural exchange in the contemporary world. The conclusions of the research testify to the importance of the Chinese piano chamber ensemble in contemporary music culture and its potential as a phenomenon of musical art. It not only reflects the interrelationship between national and non-national musical traditions but also serves as a significant factor in cultural exchange and interaction between different cultural traditions.

Embodiment Consciousness in Music Performance Pedagogy

The acquisition of expertise in music performance and its pedagogy, depends on, beyond specific musical skills, employing resources from other fields of knowledge and considering sensory, motor, and affective capacities at each step of the music learning process. We studied the teaching practices of three expert clarinet teachers to investigate their didactic procedures, evaluating how those practices could be related to their students’ high levels of performance. The method gathered data from a “protocol joint analysis” and semi-structured interviews with teachers and their students. Data analysis revealed a particular set of pedagogical skills observed in the didactic procedures of these expert teachers. These teaching strategies were common to all three case studies and revealed themselves as a last didactic resource to overcome complex problems at the highest level of proficiency in musical interpretation. We call that pedagogical expertise field Embodiment Consciousness in Music Performance. This field of competence describes the systematic didactic use of metaphor to access performers’ sensorimotor and affective memories, whose semantic contents can thereby be accessed to support performance actions.

Mimetic Possibilities: Collaboration through movement in multimedia opera

Abstract In the opera Act I: Invocation – The Ghost Trilogy, artists from music composition, Greek tragedy, creative coding, and opera performance collaborated to create an artwork that engages with philosophy and technology. A light sculpture with a novel Internet of Things (IoT) architecture was adapted for the opera’s stage, where both the sculpture and its controlling interface were programmed to visually represent musical processes within the composer’s approach. While filming, the light sculpture contributed to the dramatic context through movement and gestural interaction between the sculpture and the soprano. Drawing upon Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research and its inquiry into movement for engaging with new technology expressively, movement and gesture, transpiring from mimetic techniques in the opera, were central in this interdisciplinary collaboration.

Designing audio processing strategies to enhance cochlear implant users' music enjoyment

Cochlear implants (CIs) provide hundreds of thousands of users with increased access to sound, particularly speech, but experiences of music are more varied. Can greater engagement by CI users in the music mixing process mutually benefit them as well as audio engineers? This paper presents an exploratory mixed-methods study that leverages insights from CI users and professional audio engineers (AEs) in the investigation of techniques to enhance CI user music enjoyment and promote empathetic practices in AEs. Analysis of data collected over a multi-step process of surveys, interviews, and iterative cycles of sound mixing and feedback revealed two mixing strategies—namely essentializing and exaggeration of musical elements—common among mixes preferred by CI users. Participant responses also highlighted systemic ableism and audism in the music industry—an industry from which CI users report feeling excluded. Specifically, AEs felt inadequately trained around aural diversity considerations and experienced anxiety around their own aural diversity. In sum, this work contributes to insights into CI user music listening preferences; how AEs approach mixing for an aurally diverse audience; and discussion around the efficacy of CI simulation, user feedback, and AE peer feedback on mix enjoyment by CI users. Based on these findings, we offer several design insights that emphasize the need for customizable music listening tools centered around user agency and enjoyment.

Exploring Influencing Factors of Interactive Teaching Decision-Making Level Among Novice Junior High School Music Teachers

This study investigates the factors influencing interactive teaching decision-making level among novice music teachers in junior high schools, a fundamental skill that spans the entire music teaching process. Focusing on classroom instruction and student learning, the study addresses two primary questions: (1) What factors affect the interactive teaching decision-making of novice music teachers? (2) How do these factors vary by gender, educational background, and teaching experience? A questionnaire survey of novice music teachers in Boshan, China, was conducted, and the collected data were analyzed using SPSSAU software. The findings indicate that student response is the most influential factor, while evaluation is the least. Comparative analysis shows that novice teachers with 2-3 years of teaching experience rank higher in classroom resilience and teaching skills, whereas those with 0-2 years score higher in classroom management. Nonparametric statistics further illuminate differences in interactive decision-making by teaching experience. The study suggests that novice music teachers should prioritize student responses, enhance classroom resilience and teaching skills, and emphasize classroom evaluation and reflection. These insights aim to improve decision-making processes and support the professional development of novice music teachers.

(Re) Examining the Functions of Dùndún Talking Drum in the Inter-Cultural Music Process of Africa and the African Diaspora

Whenever the hourglass-shaped drum 'Dùndún' is mentioned, minds of music scholars readily go to the hourglass-talking drum of the Yorùbá-speaking people of West Africa. However, this does not mean that this musical instrument is peculiar to the Yorùbá as its distribution- in its varied forms- across West Africa is general; covering an area stretching roughly from Senegal to the Cameroun Republic1. This talking drum's compositional and performance techniques have become highly specialized and standardized because of its high usage in both the social and religious celebrations of the Yorùbá. This paper focuses on the use of Dùndún to perform other sonic functions beyond Yorùbá speech melodies and oral poetry. Intercultural music theory, being used in this study has shown that the prospect of Dùndún talking drum usage within the context of diasporic music performances proffers greater potential for the instrument as it has been favourably utilized by internationally renowned musicians in contemporary popular music both within and outside the shores of Africa. Furthermore, that interested musicians in the diaspora will find this instrument useful for their subsequent compositions and performances will help redefine the socio-cultural worldview of the music of Africa.

Musical Identity in Contemporary Creative Works Among Thai Jazz Artists

This study aims to explore the musical identity of Thai contemporary jazz artists by examining their attitude, musical content, and music creation process. Thirteen informants participated in this qualitative study through in-depth interviews. The results demonstrated that musical identity could be divided into three categories: 1) regional musical identity, 2) individual musical identity and 3) cultural musical identity. The factors associated with the emergence of musical identity include musical movements and phenomena, integration between two musical styles in terms of articulation and contextual elements, and contemporary and hybrid-crossover music approaches in today’s world. These factors, along with social interactions both within and outside the jazz community, affect the transformation of musical identity. The findings of this study will help Thai jazz artists and those involved in the jazz industry effectively build their musical identity, create value for their music, and elevate their works to an international level.

The role of music listening in the music therapy process for people with anxiety disorders: The therapist’s perspective

ABSTRACT Introduction Anxiety is a commonly diagnosed mental health disorder, but it remains underrepresented in music therapy research. Music listening (ML) seems to be an effective tool for anxiety self-management, but there is evidence that high anxiety level may complicate the self-regulation process. The links between ML in music therapy and everyday life have received little attention. The aim was to study what roles ML can have throughout a music therapy process for anxiety treatment, according to music therapists. Method The data were collected by interviewing eight music therapists with experience of patients with anxiety disorders. The data were analyzed with the six-step approach to thematic analysis. The results were grouped into three categories: information carrier, musical identity development, and self-care tools. Results ML appears to have three roles in music therapy for the treatment of anxiety: ML is a familiar part of the patient’s everyday life and provides valuable information about the patient’s inner world and their current state to the therapist; in therapy, ML represents safety, promotes conversation, and works as a bridge towards more active methods; and as a result of the therapeutic process, ML returns to patients’ everyday lives as a developed tool for self-regulation. Discussion ML seems to function as a low-threshold activity, through which patients with anxiety disorders can share and reflect their mental state. With the assistance of a music therapist, they can learn to use music more beneficially in their anxiety self-management and develop a healthier musical identity that can foster their emotional health.

개념 기반 교육과정에 기초한 음악과 수업 설계 방안 탐색

Concept-based curriculum is a curriculum that emphasizes on leading learners to form conceptual understanding through the process of inquiry into facts and phenomena and transferring them to new contexts. The purpose of this study is to explore music class design plan based on Concept-based curriculum. For this purpose, the main contents of concept-based curriculum, the emergence and application of conceptual approach in music education field, and concept-based lesson model for music class. Music concepts are the basis of understanding the structure and principles of music and musical activities, and it is very important to help students form concepts even in music classes centered on various activities. This study is significant in that it reconsiders the meaning and role of conceptual understanding in the general school music education process and expands the discussion on connections to other subjects and life.

Developing the music listening skills test (MLST) for pre-school and elementary school teacher candidates

In this study, it was aimed to develop a music listening skill test for primary school teacher candidates to determine their levels of perception of basic musical structures through listening. A total of 260 teacher candidates studying in the department of primary education (early childhood and elementary education) of a public university in Türkiye formed the study group of the research. KR-20 internal consistency coefficient of the Music Listening Skills Test (MLST) was determined as 0.731. The mean of the item difficulty index of the test is 0.60, and the mean of the item distinctiveness index is 0.38. The MLST consists of a total of 27 questions with 53 listening contents converted into audio files in MP3 format to be played by the practitioner. The MLST can be used as a preliminary assessment tool in studies on the development of musical competencies. In addition, the musical structures in the test content can be handled in the music education processes of teacher candidates. Assessing music listening skills can also make it easier to follow the steps to be followed in the education of teacher candidates. In this way, educational contents can be developed and music education programs can be updated.

Study of the Influence of Local Cultural Values in the Traditional Music Learning Process in the Sendratasik Education Study Program

Traditional music as an integral part of a society's cultural wealth has aesthetic value and plays a role in deepening cultural identity. However, in the era of globalization and modernization, traditional music is often threatened by changes in values and lifestyles that dominate from outside the culture. This article explores the influence of local cultural values on the traditional music education process in the Sendratasik Education Study Program. The main challenge is maintaining the existence of traditional music amidst the ever-changing interests of the younger generation. The research is a type of qualitative research with a case study approach. Through in-depth interviews, document analysis, and direct observation, this research aims to understand the extent to which local cultural values influence students' attitudes, interests, and participation in learning traditional music. The research results show that curriculum implementation through face-to-face lectures, online learning, lecturer collaboration, and integration of educational technology are effective strategies for maintaining the existence of traditional music. Analysis of the impact of globalization shows that traditional music needs to adapt to contemporary trends to remain relevant. Traditional music education also plays a role in developing student character, such as creativity, communication skills, empathy, pedagogical skills, discipline, collaboration, understanding of cultural diversity, understanding of technology, self-development, spirit of inclusivity, as well as creation and performance. This research is expected to contribute to the development of learning strategies and curricula that focus on maintaining and developing traditional music as an inseparable part of cultural heritage that is alive and relevant in today's society.

Composing Music for Choreographic Projects: Cases and Trends

All over the world the studies on the collaboration between music composers and dance creators are highly sought after. This is driven by the rapid evolution of musical and choreographic art fields in today’s creative industries. Organizing and promoting such cultural practices is crucial to complement the creative aspect. That’s why the present study examines the tendencies of compositional creativity in Kazakhstan in terms of its integration into choreographic projects. It can also be considered as a projection on cultural management. The article aims to the analytical review of the recent years’ implemented cases, that demonstrate the ways and formats of interaction between music and dance. The article considers the following questions: the interaction of music and choreography in a historical context; the creation of music and compilation of music for ballet; the design of music for dance and dance video, as well as the ways to support compositional creativity.This study of temporal and spatial art forms is built at the interface of several sciences. For the conceptual analysis the authors of the article required a wide range of historical and socio-cultural sources in the specified areas of art. The work was divided into several stages and used analytical, comparative and historical methods projected onto the Kazakh musical theater and other institutions related to the dance art. Also, an interviewing method was applied for the survey of practicing composers and directors, music editors and performers.The design of music and choreography has a wide range of relationships and demands that are necessary for the execution of audiovisual projects.This article with its understanding of cases in the field of ballet theater, dance troupes or video clips may be interesting both theoretically and practically not only for the scholars, but also for composers and choreographers who are only at the beginning of their creative paths. In addition, the article raises the problem of promoting and supporting compositional creativity. A thorough understanding of the music creation process for dance can foster more effective collaborations among creators, as well as the development of cultural management and clusters of creative industries.

I Cannot Miss It for the World: The Relationship Between Fear of Missing out (FOMO) and Acceptance of ChatGPT

According to the technology acceptance model, people’s acceptance of new technology is influenced by their perception of its usefulness and ease of use. We expand the research agenda by identifying the fear of missing out (FOMO) as a potential factor shaping people’s attitudes toward ChatGPT. We predicted that FOMO experiences, characterized by strong desires to stay connected with other people’s lives, would be linked to more AI-related supportive attitudes. In Study 1 (N = 209), university students with more frequent experiences of FOMO showed more favorable attitudes toward ChatGPT. Study 2 (N = 126) found that participants with a greater FOMO were more likely to choose an invitation letter purportedly authored by ChatGPT, despite it being composed by a human, which provided a behavioral choice confirmation of the observed relationship. Study 3 (N = 186) replicated the findings in a tourism context by employing non-student populations. Study 4 (N = 150) explored the propensity for participants to engage with ChatGPT in personal music selection process and obtained the same effect. Together, these findings suggest that the FOMO bias may exert an additional influence on the endorsement of new technologies, which highlights the important role of emotion in technology acceptance.

Lights on music cognition: A systematic and critical review of fNIRS applications and future perspectives

Research investigating the neural processes related to music perception and production constitutes a well-established field within the cognitive neurosciences. While most neuroimaging tools have limitations in studying the complexity of musical experiences, functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) represents a promising, relatively new tool for studying music processes in both laboratory and ecological settings, which is also suitable for both typical and pathological populations across development. Here we systematically review fNIRS studies on music cognition, highlighting prospects and potentialities. We also include an overview of fNIRS basic theory, together with a brief comparison to characteristics of other neuroimaging tools. Fifty-nine studies meeting inclusion criteria (i.e., using fNIRS with music as the primary stimulus) are presented across five thematic sections. Critical discussion of methodology leads us to propose guidelines of good practices aiming for robust signal analyses and reproducibility. A continuously updated world map is proposed, including basic information from studies meeting the inclusion criteria. It provides an organized, accessible, and updatable reference database, which could serve as a catalyst for future collaborations within the community. In conclusion, fNIRS shows potential for investigating cognitive processes in music, particularly in ecological contexts and with special populations, aligning with current research priorities in music cognition.

Digital Management in the Field of Art and Music Industry

Introduction. In the modern information society, which is in a constant state of transformation and evolution, the role of technology and digitization in various fields of human activity is becoming increasingly significant. One area where the impact of digital innovation is particularly evident is the arts, namely the music industry. The development of digital technologies and online communications has brought significant changes to all music industry processes: from music content production to its promotion and distribution. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is to analyze the features of digital management in the field of art and music industry, identify unique challenges and opportunities for creators, musicians and other industry participants in the digital age by considering the key aspects of digital management. The work is based on dialectical, deductive, systemic and interdisciplinary approaches, which made it possible to generalize theoretical and practical achievements accumulated by society in the context of digital management. Results. The essence of digital management, its features in the field of art and music industry are revealed. The stages of digitalization as part of the process of adaptation and integration of new technologies in various spheres of activity are defined. The key components of digital management in the field of art and music industry have been identified. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in deepening the understanding of the essence of digital management, its features in the field of art and the music industry. The significance of the study is found in the addition of cultural science with new theoretical provisions about digital management in the field of art, as well as in the possibility of using them in the process of increasing the efficiency of activities in the music industry in the digital era.

The Effectiveness of Musical and Non-Musical Choir Training Processes in Reading Sheet Music at the Student Activity Unit Vocalista Harmonic Choir, Indonesian Institute of the Arts Yogyakarta

This study explores the effectiveness of choir rehearsal processes in the Student Activity Unit Vocalista Harmonic Choir (VHC) at the Indonesian Institute of the Arts Yogyakarta, particularly in music reading for both musical and non-musical members, as well as their interactions with the conductor. The research methodology employed is qualitative with an observational approach. Through participatory observation, the researcher concludes that musical members tend to be more confident in music reading and assist non-musical members. Conversely, non-musical members require additional time and practice to catch up with the repertoire. However, during the Voice In December (VID) concert, non-musical members demonstrate mastery of the material and adapt well alongside musical members, indicating the effectiveness of the choir rehearsal process in unifying the vocal quality of its members. Data collection involved note-taking, audio recordings, and video recordings during rehearsals and the concert. The findings suggest that musical choir members tend to aid non-musical members in learning, while non-musical members require extra effort to catch up with the repertoire. The conductor plays a crucial role in providing guidance and vocal technique training. The rehearsal outcomes demonstrate that non-musical members are capable of mastering the repertoire and participating effectively in concerts.

Music Recommendation System by Detection of Emotions

Abstract: Expressing emotions through facial expressions is a fundamental aspect of human communication, offering insight into an individual's mood and well-being. The subtle nuances of the eyes, cheeks, forehead, and even the curve of a smile convey a wealth of emotional information. Music, as an art form, holds a unique power to relax and comfort both body and mind. Our project capitalizes on the synergy between these two elements by developing a system capable of discerning emotions from facial expressions and selecting appropriate music in response. This innovative approach not only aids in calming individuals and improving their mood but also streamlines the music selection process, saving valuable time. Furthermore, we aim to create software that offers this functionality universally, enabling users to access emotional music responses anytime, anywhere.

MEMORABLE MUSIC AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN EMERGING ADULTHOOD: A SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVE

MEMORABLE MUSIC AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN EMERGING ADULTHOOD: A SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVE

Remote music therapy group sessions during the COVID-19 pandemic with adults with psychotic disorders and staff: A multiple case study

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of 12 remote music therapy group sessions with adults with psychotic disorders during the pandemic of COVID-19 (February-June 2021). Two different methods were used: a) Nordoff-Robbins scales 1 and 2 with six caretakers, b) thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with six caretakers and three caregivers. The clinical approach used in the sessions was Synthetic Music Therapy. Even though the music therapy group was remote and despite the social withdrawal and isolation due to the universal quarantine, there was evidence of significant positive changes in the caretakers’ clinical image, as their social skills improved. Furthermore, the caretakers managed to build and maintain a consistent and trusting therapeutic relationship. During the music therapy process almost all group members showed evidence of a linear progress in psychological and musical aspects, approaching the fully functioning state of being, called FA-fonie (FA-voice). Almost all participants highlighted that they would prefer the music therapy group to have been conducted at location. In the section of discussion, a further analysis of the results, the research limitations and proposals for future research are presented.