Museum Premises Research Articles

Influence of Moisture in Museum Rooms on the State of Microbial Contamination of the Air and Decoration Surfaces: The Example of a 17th Century Monument in the Museum of King John III’s Palace at Wilanow (Warsaw, Poland)

This article is a case study of museum premises at the Museum of King John III’s Palace at Wilanow (Warsaw, Poland), wetted as a result of a failure of the water supply system to the air conditioning unit located in the attic of the building. As a result of flooding, discoloration and cracks appeared on the plaster and stucco decoration of the ceiling, located mainly in the central part of the ceiling of the King’s Library. The paintings (plafonds) mounted on the ceiling of this room also became damp. The article analyzes the microbiological contamination of air and damp paintings in the context of promptly proceeding with the drying of damp building partitions. The obtained results of microbiological air pollution in the flooded rooms were significantly lower than the permissible values recommended by Interdepartmental Commission for Maximum Admissible Concentrations and Intensities for Agents Harmful to Health in the Working Environment. In the King’s Library, i.e., the room with the dampest plaster and stucco as a result of the accident, the concentration of mold spores in the air was only 15 cfu/m3. This means that the immediate commencement of intensive drying of the building partitions (walls, ceilings with wooden floors) brought very good results. The rapid reduction in the moisture of the building partitions contributed to the worsening conditions for the development of microorganisms, which can have an adverse effect on wooden building partitions, plaster, stucco, etc.

Design of displacement ventilation system in museum premises

In museum premises located in architectural monuments, an important issue is ensuring the regulatory parameters of the air environment. And the method of organizing air exchange in exhibition and exposition halls. In such buildings, it is impossible to conduct air ducts, therefore existing ducts from fireplaces and natural exhaust ducts are used. The article discussed the National Center of Folk Culture "Ivan Honchar Museum". In a series of field studies, the average air temperature in the room was within twz = 20 °С, and the relative humidity was φwz = 55-60 % in the exhibition halls. two options for organizing air exchange. A three-dimensional model was created for the study of air exchange and air flow between halls, and air movement was simulated in two variants for rooms No. 40, 47 and 48. Taking into account the field studies and mathematical modeling of air exchange organization options, a project for the modernization of ventilation and air conditioning systems was proposed.

Russian-Made Wireless Lighting and Microclimate Monitoring and Control Systems Accounting for Features of Museum Premises

Microclimate and light environment monitoring systems form a relatively new (emerging) hightech market segment in Russia. Projects being implemented in Russia include microclimate control based on imported equipment, while intelligent lighting systems are not produced at all. The barriers preventing the segment from growing also include lack of standards (each company develops its own technology) and inability of the Russian-produced measuring instruments registered in the State Register to work as part of such systems. These all are the key aspects are taken into account when making decisions regarding automation. Based on its proprietary developments, TKA has manufactured microclimate monitoring systems and introduced the same in museum and library premises (with wall thickness of up to 1 m, high remoteness of the premises (buildings) and other specific conditions). In particular, the specific features of buildings and some premises of the Library of the Academy of Sciences required pre-testing in order to determine permeability of walls and doors in terms of wireless communication. As a result, in the course of project development, it was found that it was necessary to install 8 repeaters to enable reliable radio signal passage. The goal of the ongoing study is to create a native system with adjustable operation conditions, number of sensors, selection of monitored parameters and their metrological characteristics, which would increase the accuracy of metrological monitoring in museum, library and archive premises as well as in greenhouse facilities and in urban and industrial infrastructural facilities by means of the lighting environment spectrometric and radiometric analysis and intelligent microclimate control.

Злочини російських окупантів проти культурної спадщини Маріуполя

The article outlines the crimes of the Russian occupiers against the cultural heritage of Mariupol. The norms of international humanitarian law, which protect cultural values during military operations, are analyzed. The autor explains that the parties to the conflict are obliged to respect and protect them, prohibit, warn and stop any acts of theft, robbery or misappropriation of cultural values in any form, as well as any acts of vandalism. The characteristics of the most damaged or completely destroyed architectural monuments of Mariupol are given. The paper emphasizes that the only cultural institution preserved in the city is the famous Mariupol Chamber Philharmonic, which has become a refuge for Mariupol residents thanks to the dedication and daily work of its director, Honored Artist of Ukraine, chief conductor of the Mariupol Municipal Chamber Orchestra «RENASSIN» Vasyl Kryachko. The autor indicates that restitution is the main means of compensation for damage caused to cultural heritage and cultural values as a result of violation of international norms during the armed conflict. The task of restitution is not just to return individual cultural values and compensate for the damage, but also restore the cultural objects as an integral cultural heritage of the nation and the state. The second form of restitution is related to the replacement of cultural values with similar objects lost as a result of hostilities. Thus, on March 21, 2022, the building of the Arkhip Kuindzhi Art Museum in Mariupol was destroyed by a direct hit from an air bomb of the Russian occupiers. The aggressor state is responsible for this. That is why the Russian Federation should hand over masterpieces similar to the lost ones from its collections to Ukraine and reimburse the cost of the destroyed museum premises or build a new one. The study makes it possible to conclude that restoration of cultural heritage and return of cultural values will become an important task of the state and society after the victory of Ukraine. Ukrainian cultural heritage is part of the world cultural heritage, therefore, all the states of the world have an obligation to preserve and return it. The facts and patterns revealed as a result of the research can become the basis for further study of the war crimes of the Russian army against the cultural heritage of Ukraine.

FEATURES OF THE SELECTION OF WEAPONS FOR THE DECORATION OF HISTORICAL INTERIORS OF CASTLES AND PALACES

Today, the process of museumification and adaptation of monuments of defense and residence architecture for exposition, cultural and artistic, and cultural and educational functions continues. The development of conceptual design for the historic interiors of these buildings actualizes the need to use weapons in the context of demonstrating compositions (military fittings] as components of the artistic image associated with the function and history of these cultural heritage sites. The article’s purpose is to highlight the impact factors on the quality of the artistic image of military compositions in the interior, to present the general principles of creating compositions from weapons, and to justify the choice of weapon analogs for creating replicas on the example of the Hetman’s Hall of the Zhovkva Castle. The research is based on the use of historical method to study the sources for the storage of weapons in the past in the interiors of castles and palaces; typological method and comparative analysis to select analogs for the creation of replicas; artistic, stylistic and graphic method to build compositional schemes. The article highlights the main factors impacting the artistic and image quality of military compositions in the interior; we developed several simple layout schemes that can be used as a basis for creating compositions of weapons elements for placement in the interiors of defensive and residence architecture; we characterized the types of weapons (halberd, mace, hatchet hammer, flanged mace, partisan, spear, ax hammer, saber], which due to their external characteristics and attractiveness are perfect for creating replicas or models (as design elements in the creation of military compositions]. The above-mentioned types of weapons were widespread in the 16 – 17 centuries on the territory of Central and Eastern Europe and Ukraine, in particular, and are placed in many museum collections of Ukraine and Poland and in private collections, which greatly simplifies the selection of analogs for making copies (replicas]. The experience of our study can be used to develop the design of museum premises based on castles, palaces, fortresses, etc., where, according to the plan, it is necessary to connect the interior design with their residential or military past.

RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FORMATION OF THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE FIRST TOWN HALLS

The article considers the history of the origin and formation of the town hall architecture as the first building of local governments. Over the past century, most town hall buildings have lost their historical significance. This process is due to the improvement of local government in Europe. In addition, the reason for this was the development of autonomy of city government and civil liberties. This process was also influenced by the democratization of the life management procedures of the urban community. From the beginning of its existence, the town hall was formed as the main public space of the city. This space was a place of judicial and public gatherings; the town hall was a centre of trade, as well as a core of theatrical and cultural events. Some town halls had a system of spaces of social interaction, such as closed halls, open and semi-open public rooms. The tendency of concentration of administrative institutions and service enterprises developed. This development took place through the integration of functional, spatial, organizational and technological structures into a single public-administrative complex. In modern town hall buildings, such components as assembly halls, session halls, exhibition halls, museum premises, offices of the City government and offices of fractions are kept until now.

Indoor temperature monitoring for cultural heritage

The preservation of cultural heritage is one of the most important tasks in considering heat and humidity mode of museum premises, which should be as stable as possible. The choice of exhibiting place can significantly affect the safety of museum collections. The formation of temperature gradient on the picture’s surface can cause breaks and cracks of colorful layer and substrate (canvas, paper, wood). Moisture, penetrating in gaps of colorful layer of painting, accelerates the aging processes. Increasing relative humidity and indoor air temperature can cause mold growing in glue layer. To reduce risk of thermal stresses throughout a year, it is necessary to provide thermographic measurements of building envelope and exhibit places.

Research of Optical Radiation Impact on Materials of Museum Exhibits and Requirements to Measurement Devices

LED lighting creates capability of the best representation of museum exhibits and creation of additional light perception effects. It also allows us to use the results of light and colour measurements for adjustment of quantity and quality of lighting. Photometric devices may become permanent assistants in decoration of exhibitions and museum premises. Even more important are photometers for monitoring of acceptable level of illuminance and UV irradiance. With correct evaluation of adverse impact of LED lighting, there is an opportunity to significantly increase the permitted level of exhibits lighting, which is a permanent requirement by designers. The recommendations for standardisation of lighting are based on results of special studies performed with consideration of material light-resistance groups and properties of light sources. Such studies were performed by STE TKA, LLC, and GOSNIIRESTAVRATSII by request of the Ministry of Culture. The article describes major results of this study, which mainly aimed at specification of safe acceptable level of UV irradiation of materials with application of energy-saving fluorescent lamps as well as major characteristics of produced photometers. Similar studies and elaboration of recommendation are required also for LED light sources.

The Possibility of Using a Fractal Model to Identify Climatic Parameters of Museum Premises

To identify climatic parameters of museum premises there are models of different types depending on the goals of the research : m odification of the algorithm of the microclimate control, the performance of air conditioners, the parameters of the inflow air or selection of air distribution system. The difficulty in choosing a model is due to the complexity of the behaviour of microclimate formation systems at different moments of time, with the change in the intensity of heat-mass transfer processes in museum premises. Using the example of the air merry-go-round of E. Lorenz, the use of fractal modelling is shown to describe the behaviour of the above systems as numerically invariant systems. Here is given an algorithm for determination of the region of self-similarity for the investigated object, which, according to the authors, may reduce the probability of a violation of the regular conditions of its operation. In the article there are possibilities of using fractal models for identifying the parameters of the systems of providing the microclimate in museum premises. The ways of identifying complex systems using fractal formalism are suggested, which can be further used to improve the existing systems of formation the artificial microclimate in museum premises on the basis of the operation of microcontrollers with fuzzy logic. It is established that there is a need to provide a system that promptly sends a signal about an increase in the probability of an unusual situation (excessive humidity, high temperature in the area where the paintings are located). To do this, it is necessary to determine one of the boundaries of the region of self-similarity of the air parameters when entering the air flow into the service area (the location of the exhibit), and the second boundary of the region of self-similarity at the outflow of air flow from the service area.

Analysis of Heat And Mass Transfer and Deformation of Colloid Capillary-Porous Bodies Processes by Fractal Analysis and Discrete Nonlinear Dynamics Methods

The fractal analysis of long-term series of parameters of colloidal capillary-porous bodies in conditions of heat and mass transfer to the environment and the resulting deformation process are presented. A fractal estimation of relevant statistical information on the moisture content, temperature and deformation of the above bodies is carried out. The algorithm for calculating the Hurst exponent is based on the R/S analysis. On the basis of the methodology for pre-predictive fractal analysis of time series (based on the sequential R/S analysis), the level of persistence is determined and the parameters (average values) of aperiodic cycles of time series are calculated. Based on smoothing of V-statistics using the ordinary moving averages and Kaufman’s adaptive moving average, the criterion for determining the average length of periodic and aperiodic cycles is proposed. The procedure of qualitative analysis of time series for which the hypothesis about the presence of a trend is not confirmed, using methods of nonlinear dynamics and chaos theory is also proposed. The real time series representative of the heat and mass transfer parameters (temperature, moisture content), stress and deformation in colloidal capillary-porous bodies (model of artistic paintings) involved in convective heat and mass transfer to their environment (premises where the museum exhibition is located) are examined; the latter also includes the artificial climate systems for museum premises and the museum visitors flow being present in this area at this time. Tuckens’s theorem is the support for such studies. The chaotic nature of the dynamical system under study, as prescribed by the time realizations, is determined with Liapunov exponent. The estimation of the persistence was evaluated using Hausdorff fractal dimension and fractal index. The visual estimation of time series was carried out using procedure for the reconstruction of phase trajectories. As a result of the phase area’s phase points analysis, a split attractor is discovered allowing to suppose its bifurcation.

Conceptual Foundations for Creation of Mechatronic Control Systems for the Microclimate of Museum Premises Using Fuzzy Logic Controllers (Regulators)

A supervising algorithm based on the maintenance of the desired discomfort index (which is the intersection of two indexes: museum peaces and human body) via a fuzzy-controller dealing with museum premises’ microclimate control systems using mechatronic tools. To assess the impact of the environment on the museum peaces and on a person being in the museum premises, it is necessary to determine not only the quantitative value of the microclimate’s individual parameters, but also the result of their overall impact on the human body and museum peaces located in this area. The existing methods of integrated microclimate control by means of mechatronic systems are studied with regard to control methods. The value of such a complex index of discomfort is divided into ranges depending on the average sensation of the comfort in the museum room applicable both for the person (human flow) and museum peaces. The fundamentals of the fuzzy sets theory (Zadeh-Saati) are examined. The synthesis of fuzzy logic controller is carried out. The rules database based on the discomfort index’s calculated values is developed. An intelligent system for the automatic maintenance of comfortable microclimatic conditions in the museum premises is designed. The rule base for the fuzzy-controller is constructed on basis of discomfort complex index’s calculated values for all possible options of dry and humid thermometers’ temperature values. The control effect of the mechatronic microclimate control system of specific museum premises is produced after processing of the aggregated information coming simultaneously from two sensors, thus reducing the number of unnecessary inclusions at low oscillations of each specific parameter. At the same time, special sensors detect the number of people located in the museum premises at the given time and they adjust the operation of the computer-controlled microclimate devices designed for museum premises. Subsequent to the results of simulation, it is possible to note the compliance of the received mechatronic control system with the requirements as for obtaining the desired level of the discomfort complex index in museum premises, the minimum number of executive mechanism’s inclusions (for the currently available one at a given time and for the number of visitors to the museum premises), the lack of overregulation and the energy savings.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ОСНОВИ АНАЛІЗУ ТЕПЛО- І МАСОПЕРЕНОСУ У ШАРУВАТИХ КАПІЛЯРНО-ПОРИСТИХ ТІЛАХ

The phenomena of contact heat and mass transfer between materials of different physical and chemical structures are quite widespread in the technological processes of various industries, which leads to the need for further studies of their kinetics, for example, when drying capillary-porous bodies. It has been established that many researchers studied non-stationary problems of heat and mass exchange of a piecewise-homogeneous unbounded two-layered plate with the surrounding medium, but some details of these processes have not yet been established. The authors of the paper give an analytical solution of the non-stationary problem of heat and mass conductivity of a piecewise homogeneous unbounded double-layered plate, which, with one surface, takes part in convective heat and mass transfer with the surrounding medium with constant potentials of heat and mass transfer, while the other surface is heat and moisture-insulated . This model adequately describes the processes of heat and mass exchange in a canvas, exhibited in the museum's premises, to which the flow of visitors moves. The first layer simulates the paints that are applied of the picture, and the second one – directly the basis of the painting (the art painting itself). As a result of the solution of the problem by mathematical physics, the influence of individual heat and mass transfer criteria on heat and mass transfer in this plate is established. The results obtained by the authors can be used to specify and improve the existing engineering methods for calculating the parameters of nonstationary heat and mass transfer in layered capillary-porous bodies, as well as to develop more advanced algorithms for controlling the artificial microclimate of museum premises on the basis of modern information technologies and fuzzy logic controllers / controllers, as in the stages of designing (constructing) artificial intelligence systems for the management of the climate of museum premises, and in their real modes their operation.

Exploring the Museum's Images – Exploring My Image (Exploration des images du musée, exploration de mon image)

ABSTRACTIn early 2017, the National Museum of Contemporary Art, Athens (EMST) in collaboration with the First Psychiatric Department of the University of Athens, Eginition Hospital carried out a three-month pilot art psychotherapy program on the museum's premises. The program was held for a closed group of 10 participants, following an open call. During the long-lasting period of economic, political and social crisis that Greece is facing, the two institutions have been collaborating in order to offer participants a space for self-expression, creativity, critical thinking and for reducing anxiety through art making while simultaneously engaging participants with the museum collection.

Monitoring of indoor air parameters in large museum exhibition halls with and without air-conditioning systems

The paper presents the measurement results of actual microclimate conditions that were carried out in one of the Polish museums during the period of one year, from October 2009 to September 2010, under the two-year project on the optimization of microclimate in museum premises in case of variable outdoor and indoor loads.Recording environmental parameters (temperature and relative humidity) with a five-minute time step allowed the analysis of the dynamics of changes in these parameters due to variable thermal-hygrometric loads of the museum premises. Carbon dioxide concentration was also measured. The aim of the investigation was to identify these environmental parameters in different exhibition halls (both with and without air-conditioning systems) and comparing them with the limits suggested in literature and standards. Courses of variability allowed the observation of the rate of change of parameters recorded at different times of the year. The analyses of the results were conducted in terms of absolute values of air parameters in these premises and fluctuations of these parameters over time. Detailed analyses of the impact of outdoor conditions on the microclimate of museum rooms were performed.

WAWEL W POLSKIM SYSTEMIE SŁUŻB KONSERWATORSKICH

The article describes the system of historic preservation care provided to the architectural complex of outstanding historical value located on the Wawel Hill. The historic preservation supervision is organised in a very particular way, i.e. responsibilities of the Regional Historic Preservation Officer are delegated to the Head of the Wawel Royal Castle acting as Historic Preservation Officer of the Wawel Hill. His area of competence covers the entire Wawel Hill within the boundaries set forth in the register of historic monuments and sites (A-7), i.e. not only the museum premises and the land on which it is located (owned by the State Treasury) but also church facilities (including Wawel Cathedral) and hill slopes for which Cracow Municipality is responsible. It seems that there are sound reasons behind the scope of historic preservation supervision covering both movable (exhibit items) and immovable (architecture) properties. With regard to Wawel, it is also particularly important to keep this ensemble of great historical significance under joint historic preservation supervision. It is therefore not recommended for three separate bodies, i.e. the museum, the church, and the municipality, to be responsible for this group of historic monuments. This results from the fact that a standardised and uniform concept needs to be defined for this ensemble and a great number of problems pertaining to technical and conservation issues need to be solved comprehensively. Furthermore, this article details duties carried out by Historic Preservation Officer of the Wawel Hill and explores matters for which Regional Conservation Officer is responsible. The author is of the opinion that the organisation of the discussed historic preservation supervision may be a role model for other residences of great historical value and other protected ensembles used as museums.

Mobile user tracking system with ZigBee

In the paper an implementation of mobile nodes tracking system based on ZigBee and Wi-Fi wireless networks is presented. On the base of known algorithmic as well as circuit solutions a simple yet universal system, applied in prototype application dedicated for person's localization in museum premises has been developed. Since system utilizes entirely wireless communication, it can be applied in any closed objects. The system has been preliminarily verified in real in-situ environment.

Cooling Demand In Museum Premises – Numerical Prediction And Measurement Validation

Abstract The paper presents the results of identification and assessment of the energy demand for cooling purposes in the museum building. The analysis of cooling demand and assessment of indoor air quality were performed by the simulation analysis and validated by the measurement campaign of the indoor air quality in the building under consideration. For the purpose of thermal analysis the IDA ICE software was used. All simulations were carried out using meteorological data recorded by the local weather station. The results of the study indicate the necessity to use cooling in the museum premises. Presented analysis of the heat loads, which can occur in the exhibition rooms, can be helpful in making the decision about the installation of air conditioning systems in the museum, especially when thermal renovation of the building is planned. Such system can guarantee proper protection of the exhibits as well as thermal comfort for visitors.

Indoor environment quality in the museum building and its effect on heating and cooling demand

The paper presents the results of 1-year measurement of indoor environment parameters (temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration) in exhibition rooms of one Polish museum in various periods of the year, and the results of simulation on thermal model of this building. The influence of a temperature control scheme in museum rooms on heating and cooling demand was analysed. The actual state (poor control of internal temperature) and ideal control of internal temperature were analysed – two cases in the winter and two cases in the summer. Simulations were performed by ESP-r program. The multi-zone model of the building was validated based on measurement data. Measurements and simulations revealed significant variations in the temperature in the rooms of the museum. The analysis showed that the maintaining internal temperature at constant level of 20°C in winter reduces monthly heat demand in most of the exhibition rooms. Obtained effect is 5–16% depending on the premises. Provision the raise of a temperature by 1K results in the increase of heat consumption by 6%. Maintenance of a desired internal temperature, which does not exceed 24°C in the summer, requires the provision of coolness to the museum premises.

Influence of Visitors’ Flows on Indoor Air Quality of Museum Premises

Abstract The article considers the influence of visitors’ flows on indoor air quality of museum premises and work of ventilation and air conditioning systems. The article provides the analysis of the heat input from visitors, the results of mathematical simulation of visitors flow influence on indoor air quality. Several advice options are provided on application of variable air volume systems for provision of constant indoor air quality.

Against Things: The At-Home Objects of Marianne Moore

Research Article| December 01 2012 Against Things: The At-Home Objects of Marianne Moore Robert Volpicelli Robert Volpicelli Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Twentieth-Century Literature (2012) 58 (4): 640–662. https://doi.org/10.1215/0041462X-2012-1001 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Robert Volpicelli; Against Things: The At-Home Objects of Marianne Moore. Twentieth-Century Literature 1 December 2012; 58 (4): 640–662. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/0041462X-2012-1001 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsTwentieth-Century Literature Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © Hofstra University2012 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Essays You do not currently have access to this content.