Musculoskeletal Disorders In Workers Research Articles

Design optimization of a wearable chair using The Bees Algorithm

A wearable chair is designed to reduce musculoskeletal disorders in workers. Two-staged optimization process using The Bees Algorithm is conducted to determine the lowest operable height of the chair and minimize the maximum force among the three supports. Geometric, dimensional, and rotational angle constraints are defined accordingly. A CAD model of the chair is imported into ADAMS software for simulation. The simulation results identified the most stressed rod in the chair. A spring is selected and implemented in ADAMS to counteract the applied force on this rod. A comparison between the force on the most stressed support and the spring force through a defined motion revealed minimal differences, indicating that the spring effectively counteracted the applied force. The results demonstrated the successful application of The Bees Algorithm to wearable chairs and the successful implementation of a spring to counteract applied force, thereby achieving the objectives of this study.

A Study of the Design of Lifting Trolley for the Suspending Agent Pouring Process in Chemical Industry

The raw material preparation process in the chemical industry is still done manually by pouring the suspending agent. Workers pour 20kg boxes with a frequency of 20-30 boxes every day. These activities have the potential to cause musculoskeletal injuries. The purpose of this study is to provide an assessment and design a lifter as a conveyance that has the potential to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. This study used the Nordic questionnaire to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints, REBA to assess work posture, and QFD as an approach in designing the lifter. Based on the results of the questionnaire, the most complaints were felt in the upper body. And based on the assessment with the QEC method, the average total exposure received by workers is 64.63%. This is evidenced by the results of the assessment of 60 work postures during the suspending agent pouring process which obtained the highest REBA mode value with a score of 8 (high risk). Based on the QFD method, this lifting trolley produces 11 target specifications. After simulating the design of the lifting trolley, the REBA score decreased to 3 (low risk). This shows that the designed trolley has the potential to be applied to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders in workers in the chemical industry.

Ergonomics assessment of loading and unloading bagged cargoes: Case study at Sai Gon Port

Abstract Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a prevalent global health issue, affecting workers in various industries, including port workers. The 28 labor postures are divided into independent manual loading and unloading, coordinated manual loading and unloading, and conveyor loading and unloading. Bagged loading and unloading personnel at Vietnam’s Saigon Port are assessed using OWAS, RULA, and REBA methods. 46.4% of unreasonable postures require further analysis, and 53.6% of exceptional inappropriate positions require adjustment. Replace manual and conveyor belt loading and unloading workgroups based on lifting weight and operational constraints, within a narrow range of recommendations. The chronic risk of MSDs in workers’ appearance is 43%, with an Orebro average score of 100.87±1.21 points, compared to 118,38±1,17 points in the disease group. The average pain location is 4.64±0.23 locations. The most painful positions in the workers were recorded: low back (58%), shoulder (57%), and neck (55%). The 8 main factors that affect the MSDs in objective workers are job satisfaction (10.71%); kneeling frequency (8.61%); positioning loads on the left shoulder (7.43%); hook usage frequency (5.86%); sex life frequency (3.79%); noise impact (3.11%); fatigue (3.02%); the number of working days per week (2.88%).

Ergonomic Education to Reduce the Risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders

Workers are mainly human resources with a significant influence on the production process, in particular manual work. Activities in manual material handling include carrying, lifting, lowering, pushing, and pulling loads. Transport labor is one type of work that requires energy and great muscle strength and a strong physique to carry the load at work. Workers who are in the wrong position during prolonged work will increase the risk of musculoskeletal complaints. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide ergonomic education to reduce the risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders. Methods: This service activity uses counseling methods, leaflet giving, demonstrations, simulations, and discussions. The participants were given questionnaires before and after educational activities, namely ergonomics knowledge questionnaires to determine the level of ergonomics knowledge and also musculoskeletal complaint questionnaires. Results: This activity was attended by 21 participants who were all male. In the knowledge variable, the mean pre-test value was 56.67 and the post-test was 68.57. In the Musculoskeletal complaint variable, the mean pre-test value was 30.05 and the post-test was 28.76. Conclusion: Based on the results of the pre-test and post-test, shows that ergonomics education can help improve ergonomic knowledge and reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders in workers.

Determining the relationship between ergonomic risks and musculoskeletal disorders of workers in the textile industry

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, tekstil sektöründeki işçilerin çalışma postürünün ergonomik riskini belirlemek ve kas iskelet sistemi rahatsızlığı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir.
 Yöntem: 131 gönüllü tekstil işçisinin katılımı ile yapılan çalışmada, katılımcıların demografik ve tanımlayıcı bilgileri kaydedildi. Çalışma postürünün ergonomik riski Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) ile değerlendirildi. Cornell Kas İskelet Rahatsızlığı Anketi (CMDQ) ile geçen bir hafta boyunca yaşanan kas iskelet sistemi rahatsızlığının sıklığı, şiddeti ve iş yapmaya olan etkileri sorgulandı.
 Bulgular: Veriler analiz edildiğinde, çalışanların yüksek riskte çalıştığı saptandı. CMDQ ortalama değeri 220 olarak bulundu. REBA ve CMDQ puanı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki (p

ANALISIS POSTUR KERJA DENGAN METODE WORKPLACE ERGONOMIC RISK ASSESMENT PADA OPERATOR MESIN BUBUT MANUAL PADA PT YOGYA PRESISI TEHNIKATAMA INDUSTRI

PT Yogya Presisi Tehnikatama Industri is a company engaged in manufacturing such as making molds, industrial machinery spare parts, automotive and plastic injection. The problem that occurs in this company is that there is activity on the lathe operator that has the potential to cause fatigue and pain complaints such as Musculoskeletal Disorders in workers, the results of filling out the NBM Questionnaire found that there were complaints on the back with a percentage of 56.25%, right forearm 62.5 %, 56.25% left thigh, 50% left knee, 50% right thigh, 68.78% right calf, 87.5% right ankle, and 87.5% right foot. So companies need to do an analysis related to posture of workers. One technique or method that can analyze work posture is the WERA (workplace ergonomic risk assessment) method.As for based on the analysis, the suggestions for improvement given are that the shoulders form a moderate position of less than 60o with more pauses, the wrists form an angle of less than 50° with repetitions of 0 to 10 times per minute, on the neck in a position of 10°-20° with movement increased pause. On the operator's back with a position of 0°-20° with 4-8 repetitions per minute, on the leg factor in a normal upright position, with a duration of less than 4 hours, on the contact stress factor the suggestion given is to improve the posture on the worker's wrist earlier. If it's more than 50o, it's best if the wrist posture is less than 50o. Meanwhile, from the results of data processing, a comparison of the final working posture scores obtained in the posture before the proposal was 39 for facing activities, and 38 for drilling and drilling activities included in the MEDIUM category. While the WERA score after the proposal is 26, which is included in the LOW category.

ERGONOMIC RISK ANALYSIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (MSDs) ON OPERATOR UNIFORMITY FINAL INSPECTION

One of the occupational diseases in the workplace is related to ergonomics, ergonomics factors are very important to prevent work-related diseases and incidents. Disorders arising from inappropriate ergonomics affect the musculoskeletal system, Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), namely disorders of body structures such as muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments, nerves, cartilage, bones, and the local blood circulation system. This study aims to analyze the ergonomic risks and MSDs in workers. The population is all uniformity operators totaling 203 employees. The sample that met the inclusion criteria is 93 operators. The ergonomic risk was assessed based on the REBA sheet, and MSDs using the Nordic Body Map. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. The results showed the level of risk in the booking process is 'high' (score 8); input uniformity is 'medium' (score 6), uniformity output is 'medium' (score 7) and the balancing process is 'medium' (score 6). Uniformity final inspection operators have MSDs are 88 peoples (94.62%) and did not has MSDs are 5 peoples (5.38%). Statistical test results show that there is no relationship between age, years of service, and education on MSDs operator Uniformity Final Inspection. Suggestions for research are providing lifting aids, job training or training on ergonomic risks and safe working procedures according to ergonomic principles, and work in accordance by power zone. providing personal protective equipment such as back support and setting appropriate working time and rest hours.

FACTORS RELATED TO THE COMPLAINTS OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AT PT. DETPAK INDONESIA WORKERS IN 2021

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are a group of abnormal conditions that affect the functioning of body tissues. MSDs occur due to work factors (workload, work posture, work duration, and repetitive movements), individual factors (age, gender, years of service, smoking habits, length of work, physical fitness, and BMI), and environmental factors (temperature, vibration, and lighting) and psychosocial factors. According to the World Health Organization and data from the Global Burden of Disease, about 1.71 billion people worldwide have musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of this research is to find out the factors related to complaints of musculoskeletal disorders in PT. Detpak Indonesia workers in 2021. Cross-sectional study design, primary data was distributed through questionnaires, and the number of respondents was 97 employees of the accidental sampling technique. This data analysis used the chi-square statistical test (α = 0.05). Variables related to complaints of musculoskeletal disorders are physical fitness (p value = 0.021 and OR = 7.238), years of service (p value = 0.019 and OR = 3.947), length of work (p value = 0.001 and OR = 6.979) and work posture ( p value = 0.011 and OR = 4.340) while the unrelated variable is gender (p value = 0.147 and OR = 2.514). From this study that there is a relationship between physical fitness, working period, length of work, and work posture with complaints of musculoskeletal disorders in workers. This study suggests that workers stretch before and after work, work interspersed with breaks if workers feel tired, and more pay attention to work position when doing work.

MUSKULOSKELETEAL DISORDER (MSD's) PADA PEKERJA KANTORAN DI SURABAYA

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are disorders of the musculoskeletal system caused or aggravated by interactions in the work environment. The musculoskeletal system consists of muscles, connective tissue, tendons, joints, ligaments and the nervous system. Musculoskeletal complaints occur in the skeletal muscles experienced by a person ranging from mild complaints to very severe complaints. Several factors that can trigger the occurrence of MSDs are years of work, body mass index (BMI), and the habit of not doing exercise. This research was conducted to determine the level of risk of MSDs in workers in Surabaya. The method used is descriptive research. The workers were given informed consent, after agreeing to take part in the research, the workers were asked to fill out a questionnaire via a google form and the results of the questionnaire were recapitulated and processed into descriptive data. Research on MSDs involved 101 respondents consisting of 31 women and 70 men who had jobs as office workers, health workers, and housewives. Based on the research that has been done, the results obtained are as many as 88 (87.1%) respondents have a low risk of experiencing MSDs while as many as 13 (12.9%) respondents have a moderate risk of experiencing MSDs. To avoid the occurrence of MSDs, workers are expected to be able to stretch in between jobs and be able to modify work tools so that workers can work in an ergonomic position.
 
 Keywords: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs); musculoskeletal

Risk analysis of Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSDs) on corn noodles production

Corn noodles are one of the non-wheat food diversification products to reduce dependence on wheat flour. In making corn noodles, it is suspected that there is a risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). This study aimed to identify the level of risk of MSDs in workers while making corn noodles. Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, and observations to determine the risk level of MSDs using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method. The results showed that when workers did the corn noodle-making process, several work activities showed the risk of MSDs. Activities that pose a high risk of MSDs are when using an extruder; medium risk during mixing and steaming, while weighing ingredients and drying noodles had a low risk of MSDs. Work postures that cause complaints include bending over, looking down, and when lifting. The MSDs complaints were in the neck, shoulders, back, waist, arms, and fingers.

Human Weight Compensation With a Backdrivable Upper-Limb Exoskeleton: Identification and Control.

Active exoskeletons are promising devices for improving rehabilitation procedures in patients and preventing musculoskeletal disorders in workers. In particular, exoskeletons implementing human limb’s weight support are interesting to restore some mobility in patients with muscle weakness and help in occupational load carrying tasks. The present study aims at improving weight support of the upper limb by providing a weight model considering joint misalignments and a control law including feedforward terms learned from a prior population-based analysis. Three experiments, for design and validation purposes, are conducted on a total of 65 participants who performed posture maintenance and elbow flexion/extension movements. The introduction of joint misalignments in the weight support model significantly reduced the model errors, in terms of weight estimation, and enhanced the estimation reliability. The introduced control architecture reduced model tracking errors regardless of the condition. Weight support significantly decreased the activity of antigravity muscles, as expected, but increased the activity of elbow extensors because gravity is usually exploited by humans to accelerate a limb downwards. These findings suggest that an adaptive weight support controller could be envisioned to further minimize human effort in certain applications.

Effectiveness of training program in manual material handling: A health promotion approach

BACKGROUND:Even in an era of automation and digitalization, Manual Material Handling (MMH) can be called the most common industrial task. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) induced by manual handling tasks on the workers of a printing factory in Tehran in 2017 and then to evaluate the effectiveness of a training intervention based on health promotion.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This study had quasi experimental design and was conducted on 40 men. First, demographic data were collected and the Nordic questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of MSDs in workers. Then, MMH tasks were assessed using Manual Handling Assessment Chart (MAC). A short training course was designed to promote health. Finally, the same MMH tasks were re-evaluated 3 months after the training intervention.RESULTS:Among the various tasks, the highest prevalence of work-related MSDs (WMSDs) was observed in the lower back (77.5%) and shoulder (62.5%). Based on the final scores of the MAC method, the jobs that received the highest scores were cutting (individual lifting), with 22 scores and action level “immediately necessary,” cutting (individual load carrying), with 15 scores with action level “urgently needed.” Arranging the forms (individual lifting) received a similar score. After the training intervention, the estimated risk level reduced by 12, 9, and 6 points, respectively, reaching a safe action level, i.e., “necessary in the future.”CONCLUSION:The results demonstrated that educational interventions might be equally effective in low-technology work environments. More in general, the MAC method can be used to make informed planning of educational interventions against WMSDs risk in MSDs. This health promotion approach is critical for care of human recourse.

Literature Review : Effect of Static Conditions on Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)

Musculoskeletal disorders are disorders that occur in one of the skeletal organs or muscles of the body such as congenital abnormalities in the upper and lower extremities, nerve and muscle disorders, inflammatory infections of bones and joints, musculoskeletal metabolic disorders, degenerative musculoskeletal disorders (spine, upper extremities) and below). The study aimed To analyze the static condition of the workers' complaints of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Using literature review with scoping review method. The data was collected through internet searches using Google Scholar and PubMed with the keywords static conditions, complaints of MSDs, ergonomic position, musculoskeletal disorders, the influence of static conditions, with a range of research years is 2015-2020. Results found 83 articles matching the keyword. A review of 9 research articles that met the inclusion criteria found 4 aspects, namely the factor of length of work more than 1 year, age, working hours and using the same extremity for a long period of time will increase the risk of MSDs, Doing work in awkward positions for 5- 8 hours/day increases the risk of MSDs in workers, especially nurses, The emergence of MSDs symptoms is higher in women, namely in the lower back and neck area, The pain felt due to MSDs disorders can be severe, namely in the lower back, shoulders, neck, wrists , knees and ankles. There is a relationship with static positions/non-ergonomic conditions at work, these non-ergonomic conditions do not directly cause complaints but in the long term complaints will arise. The female gender is at high risk of experiencing MSDs, the length of work and length of time working will affect the emergence of MSDs, there are 12 static conditions found in someone when doing work, the main complaint that appears in MSDs is pain.

Working posture analysis of construction workers using ergonomics.

Ergonomics integrates knowledge from the human sciences to match jobs, systems, products, and environments to the physical and mental abilities and limitations of people. Most of the injuries, stresses and strains in construction industry occur due to over-exertion and repetitive work actions. Postural analysis can be a powerful technique for assessing work activities. Use of ergonomic principles reduces fatigue experienced by the human body in various tasks. Ergonomics deals with the study of internal and external stresses acting on the human body. The aim of this study is to assess the level of ergonomics in various tasks in the construction industry .The study also aims to find the level of musculoskeletal disorders in workers and suggest corrective measures for every task having high risk factor. The study is conducted by using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) tool of Ergofellow software, to assess the posture of workers in various construction tasks. Fatigue analysis is done by this method, which provides a scoring system for muscle activity caused by static, dynamic, rapid changing or unstable postures.
 Keywords: Ergonomics, REBA, Musculoskeletal Disorders.

Hubungan Faktor Ergonomi dengan Keluhan Musculuskeletal Disorders (MsDs) pada Pekerja Pembuatan Ulos

<em>Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are complaints that occur in parts of the muscleskeletal felt by someone ranging from a very mild complaint to very heavy complaints. One factory that has a risk of causing MSDs is Ulos factory. From the results of initial survey observations on 26 and 27 August 2019 at Siatas Barita Subdistrict, North Tapanuli Regency there were 75 workers, which at the time In the initial survey I interviewed 25 workers using a questionnaire and observations and results that can be obtained there are 20 workers experiencing complaints MSDs, especially in the neck, waist, buttocks, and calves. The purpose of this study is to find out Relationship of Ergonomic Factors with Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSDS) Complaints in Workers Making Ulos in Siatas Barita Subdistrict, North Tapanuli Regency in 2019. Type This research is an analytic survey with cross sectional design. Research population is a number of weaving workers in Siatas Barita District, North Tapanuli Regency 75 people. The research sample is workers in Enda Portibi Village, Siatas Barita District North Tapanuli Regency numbered 75 people, obtained using total sampling. The results of this study were analyzed using the chi square test with significance 95% (0.05). The results showed that there was a relationship between work duration, work period, work posture, with complaints of Musculoskeletal Disorders in workers making ulos with each chi-square test results obtained p value 0.029, 0.005, 0.004, The conclusion of this research is that there is a relationship between the length of work, length of service, posture Working with complaints of Musculoskeletal Disorders of weaving workers in the District of Siatas Barita North Tapanuli Regency in 2020. </em>

Evaluation and analysis of new design traditional handloom performance in reducing work musculoskeletal disorders among Sarong Samarinda female weavers: A quasi-experimental study.

Background:Work musculoskeletal disorder (WMSDs) are occupational health problems whose prevalence is still high in various countries. Ergonomic interventions are the most successful approach to reducing WMSDs. This study evaluated the effect of redesign traditional handloom on the work posture and musculoskeletal disorders of Samarinda Sarong traditional weavers.Methods:The quasi-experiment has been carried out on 40 traditional weavers from February to September 2019 in Samarinda, Indonesia. The weaver using the new design handloom then evaluated its impact on work posture and WMSDs in the first 3 months and the second 3 months. Work posture was assessed using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). WMSDs were assessed using a Nordic Body Map questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Friedman and Dunn's test.Results:The RULA score decreased from 7 to 3 and 2, while the WMSD risk at “very high” level decreased from 12.5% to 7.5% and 2.5% and the WMSD at “high” risk level decreased from 87.5% to 10.0% and 5.0% following the introducing of the new design traditional handloom at 3 and 6 months, respectively.Conclusions:The new design of the traditional handloom on Sarong Samarinda female weavers has succeeded in improving work posture and reducing WMSDs.

Improvement Mechanism of Work Oriented by Ergonomic Increase Health Quality and Productivity

The aim of this research is to reduce musculoskeletal disorders, work stress, and increase productivity of workers piranti upakara makers by work mechanism improvement using ergonomic work oriented. Through a quasi-experimental using treatment by subject design and randomized pre and post-test group design assessed: (a) improvement mechanism of work oriented by ergonomic reducing musculoskeletal disorders, was recorded by Nordic Body Map Questionnaire; (b) improvement mechanism of work oriented by ergonomic reducing work stress, was recorded by Work Stress Questionnaire; (c) improvement mechanism of work oriented by ergonomic increase the productivity of workers, assessed by output (product produced) divided by input (pulse) multiplied by time. Data collection was done at 10 (ten) days before and after working, in Period I and Period II on 14 samples. Data obtained were analyzed using paired t-test at a significance level of 5%. The result showed that improvement mechanism of work oriented by ergonomic, reducing musculoskeletal disorders of workers to 44.45%, reducing the work stress of workers to 29.90%, and increasing productivity of workers to 53.93%. It can be concluded that improvement mechanism of work oriented by ergonomic reducing musculoskeletal disorders, work stress, and improving productivity of workers piranti upakara makers.

Work Load Analysis of Phosphoric Acid Filling Activities Using Ovako Working Analysis System (OWAS) Method

PT. XYZ runs a palm oil processing plant (CPO) into its derivative products with a refinery and fractionation process with a capacity of 600,000 tons per year. The technology used in the process of refinery and fractionation has been done automatically. However, the filling of auxiliary materials is still done manually, specifically in filling the auxiliary material Phosphoric Acid into the tank. This activity is carried out continuously can cause the risk of musculoskeletal disorders in workers. To ensure this, the distribution of the Nordic Body Map questionnaire was carried out to determine the complaints experienced by workers in these activities. in this case the analysis was carried out using the OWAS (Ovako Working Analysis System) method by providing output in the form of work attitudes that are at risk of occupational accidents in the musculoskeletal section. From the results of data processing, it is obtained category 3, where repairs need to be done as soon as possible / as soon as possible. For that reason the authors propose three improvements, namely the operation of TK 300, using a forklift, and designing work facilities.

Ergonomics Study Among Operators in Water-Jet Production Area in Aircraft Industry

This paper is to conduct the ergonomics risks assessment (ERA) among the operators in water-jet production workstation area in aircraft industry, working with aircraft panels’ liners named Oriented Strand Board (OSB) and the aircraft panels which require forceful exertion, lifting and carrying task in order to complete the operation activity. The possibility of Work Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) among operators could occur due to their daily working activities. The objectives of this study are to conduct the initial ERA and advance ERA among the waterjet production operators. Twelve male operators had been participated in this study with range age 20 to 40 years old. Nordic checklist, operational interviews, observations, Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) tool and Manual Handling Assessment Chart (MAC) tool as part of advance ERA evaluation were applied in this study. The initial ERA results recommend for further investigation on awkward posture and forceful exertion among the operators in waterjet production. The results from REBA shows that all operators obtain high risk ergonomics score i.e. 10 scores for load weight and high repetitive in lifting and carrying task. The results from MAC validate that gripping mechanism during lifting and carrying activity requires ergonomics intervention for reducing the forceful exertion and high repetitive risk. The results from ERA, REBA and MAC assessment in this study are novel contribution in the aircraft production since the similar data is not exist yet. The results will be translated into measurable design parameters for waterjet workstation improvement in future design workstation.

Musculoskeletal Risks of Farmers in the Olive Grove (Jaén-Spain)

Spain is the largest producer of olive oil in the world and, consequently, it has the world’s largest olive-growing area. Workers are highly exposed to musculoskeletal risks due to the manual nature of most of the tasks they perform. The objective of this study is to assess the musculoskeletal risks faced by olive workers in the province of Jaén (Spain) using the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire. This consists of 28 questions and analyzes the wrists/hands, elbows, shoulders, neck, back, hip, ankles, and knees. In total, 445 questionnaires were completed with variable additions from the workers’ environment: Sex, Age, Height, Weight, Body Mass Index, Crop Area, Irrigation System, Cultivation System, Nationality, Years of Experience, Cultivation Tasks, and Risk Prevention Service. The results indicate that 88.76% of workers presented some type of ailment and yet only knee problems prevented them from carrying out agricultural tasks in some cases. Certain recommendations are established to reduce musculoskeletal disorders in workers.