Musculoskeletal Ailments Research Articles

Factors contributing to persistent shoulder pain after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: Protocol for a scoping review

Introduction Rotator cuff (RC) tears are the most common and disabling musculoskeletal ailments among patients with shoulder pain. Although most individuals show improvement in function and pain following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR), a subgroup of patients continue to suffer from persistent shoulder pain following the surgical procedure. Identifying these factors is important in planning preoperative management to improve patient outcomes. Objective This scoping review aims to identify biological factors, psychological factors, and social determinants of health contributing to the development of persistent pain in individuals after the ARCR procedure. Inclusion criteria All prospective and retrospective longitudinal studies reporting the risk factors contributing to persistent pain three months or longer after the ARCR surgery will be considered for this scoping review. Methods Our review will adhere to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review methodology. Four electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus will be searched for studies in the English language. Additional studies can be found by conducting a citation analysis of the included studies. Title and abstract screening will be performed by two independent reviewers following the inclusion criteria, a third reviewer will be consulted about any differences. Next, full-text screening will be conducted, and the remaining search results will be reviewed to extract data, as well as to synthesize findings from all research. An overview of findings will be depicted in tabular format accompanied by a narrative summary of various factors contributing to persistent pain.

Using Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in Patients with Orthopedic Conditions

Background: Among other non-invasive procedures, Extracorporeal Shockwave Treatment (ESWT) has been used to resolve many musculoskeletal ailments. The authors completed a systematic review to study articles that reported the effectiveness of focused shockwave therapy in patients with orthopedic conditions. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across reputable databases including Pub Med, The Cochrane Library, Science Direct, PEDro, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar, ensuring a thorough review of the literature until October 10, 2022. Original articles of any design reporting on the use of ESWT in orthopedic patients were meticulously selected. Information related to study design, sample size, participants, intervention, and key findings of the study were extracted. The PEDro classification scale, a recognized tool, was used to evaluate the quality of the studies, further enhancing the credibility of findings. Results: Nineteen research articles (including 1157 participants) were retrieved and included for qualitative analysis. The sample size ranged from twenty-one to one hundred fifteen subjects, and the articles were published between 2001 and 2022. Out of 19 studies published, five were conducted in China, three in Germany, two in Iran and Turkey, and one in the United States, Canada, Italy, Denmark, Spain, Taiwan, and Saudi Arabia. The risk of bias was either moderate or low among the included studies. In patients with various orthopedic conditions, considerable moderate evidence of ESWT’s effectiveness and success in lowering pain levels, increasing treatment success rates, promoting patient-reported functional recovery, and raising performance-based functional outcomes was seen in the results. Conclusion: The systematic literature review provided compelling evidence of the successful application of ESWT in treating a wide range of musculoskeletal problems. These positive outcomes were achieved without severe complications and morbidities, offering a promising outlook for the future of orthopedic treatment.

An Analysis of Cost Variation Among Drugs Available in the Indian Market for the Treatment of Chronic Bone-Related Ailments.

Treating widely prevalent bone illnesses such as back and neck pain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and osteoporosis with pharmacological medication can be excessively costly for both the individual and their family. This study aimed to conduct a cost minimization analysis by comparing the prices of Jan Aushadhi (JA) medications with the most expensive and least expensive branded alternatives available in India. The prices of the most costly, least costly branded, and JA medicines were acquired from the relevant websites. The cost difference, cost ratio, and percentage of cost variation were determined based on the guidelines outlined in the cost minimization analysis research. A total of 67 drugs/combinations used to treat various chronic bone ailments were analyzed. With regard to analgesic/anti-inflammatory drugs, the most expensive brand of diclofenac sodium + serratiopeptidase (50mg + 10mg) tablet was 32.5 times more expensive than the cheapest and 10.5 times more costly than the JA brand. Also, the paracetamol 325mg + tramadol 37.5mg combination of the branded tablets was more expensive than JA. Branded cyclosporine was 2.3 times more expensive than JA among immunosuppressants in the disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) group. The most expensive immunomodulator, leflunomide, costs four times more than JA. Hydrocortisone injection, an adjuvant, costs 10.8 times more than the cheapest and 2.1 times more than JA. IL-1 inhibitor + nutraceutical combination costs 4.8 times more than the costliest JA brand. Zoledronic acid was 16.1 and 6.8 times more expensive than the cheapest branded and JA drugs. Xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat, used to treat gout, costs 5.2 and 3.3 times more than JA and the cheapest brands. This cost minimization study, the first to the best of our knowledge in the field of chronic musculoskeletal ailments, indicates the usefulness of JA drugs in reducing the patient's financial costs for most drugs.

Factors contributing to persistent shoulder pain after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: Protocol for a scoping review

Introduction Rotator cuff (RC) tears are the most common and disabling musculoskeletal ailments among patients with shoulder pain. Although most individuals show improvement in function and pain following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR), a subgroup of patients continue to suffer from persistent shoulder pain following the surgical procedure. Identifying these factors is important in planning preoperative management to improve patient outcomes. Objective This scoping review aims to identify biological factors, psychological factors, and social determinants of health contributing to the development of persistent pain in individuals after the ARCR procedure. Inclusion criteria All prospective and retrospective longitudinal studies reporting the risk factors contributing to persistent pain three months or longer after the ARCR surgery will be considered for this scoping review. Methods Our review will adhere to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review methodology. Four electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus will be searched for studies in the English language. Additional studies can be found by conducting a citation analysis of the included studies. Title and abstract screening will be performed by two independent reviewers following the inclusion criteria, a third reviewer will be consulted about any differences. Next, full-text screening will be conducted, and the remaining search results will be reviewed to extract data, as well as to synthesize findings from all research. An overview of findings will be depicted in tabular format accompanied with a narrative summary of various factors contributing to persistent pain.

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Ailments and Associated Factors among Shoemakers in Kolkata, West Bengal

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Ailments and Associated Factors among Shoemakers in Kolkata, West Bengal

Diversity and Utilization of Commelinaceae in Central Laos

This investigation examines the diversity and utilization of Commelinaceae in three research areas in central Laos. It identifies a total of 17 species, including Amischotolype divaricata Duist., Callisia fragrans (Lindl.) Woodson, Callisia repens (Jacq.) L., Commelina benghalensis L., Commeilina diffusa Burm.f., Cyanotis arachnoidea C.B. Clarke, Cyanotis axillaris (L.) D. Don ex Sweet, Cyanotis cristata (L.) D. Don, Floscopa scandens Lour., Murdannia edulis (Stokes) Faden, Murdannia medica (Lour.) D.Y. Hong, Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan, Murdannia spectabilis (Kurz) Faden, Pollia thyrsiflora (Blume) Steud., Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R. Hunt, Tradescantia spathacea Sw., and Tradescantia zebrina Bosse. There are ten species within this family that are utilized for food, medicine, ornamental purposes, or as animal feed. Floscopa scandens has the highest use value (UV) of 1.24, followed closely by Commelina diffusa with a UV of 1.22. Murdannia spectabilis has the lowest UV of 0.39 and is mostly utilized for ornamental purposes. Several species, including Commelina diffusa, Floscopa scandens, and Tradescantia zebrina, are utilized in traditional medicine to address musculoskeletal ailments, provide food, and alleviate obstetric/gynecological concerns. The informant agreement ratio (IAR) is 1.00 for musculoskeletal symptoms and nourishment and 0.9 for obstetric and gynecological symptoms. The plant species Commelina diffusa, Tradescantia zebrina, and Floscopa scandens demonstrate a fidelity level (%FL) of 100% in traditional medicinal use, with Floscopa scandens showing %FL of 63.64% for back pain treatment and 36.36% for postpartum recovery.

Comparison of the effects of dry needling and spinal manipulative therapy versus spinal manipulative therapy alone on functional disability and endurance in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain: An experimental study.

Low back pain (LBP) is a global musculoskeletal ailment. Over the past few years, dry needling (DN) has garnered interest from both physical therapists and patients. Physical therapy commonly employs spinal manipulation to alleviate persistent LBP and other musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of spinal manipulation alone and in combination with DN on functional disability and endurance in individuals suffering from chronic nonspecific LBP. Patients of both genders who had chronic nonspecific LBP and who had not received physical therapy within the last 3 months were included in this single-blind, randomized controlled trial using purposive sampling. All participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental (SMT + DN) or control (SMT alone) group using computer-generated random numbers. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. For between-group comparisons, the Mann-Whitney U test was used. A P-value < .05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. The analysis of the difference between the 2 groups revealed that the mean ± standard deviation (SD) for the SMT alone group was 16.09 ± 3.963 at baseline and 12.66 ± 3.801 at 8 weeks, whereas for the DN + ST group, it was 13.67 ± 3.904 at baseline and 10.92 ± 3.534 at 8 weeks, with a P-value of .003. Thus, the RMDQ score improved gradually in both groups, and the mean endurance score reported for the ST group was 2.5 to 4.5, while that reported for the DN + ST group was 3.1 to 5.1. The results of this study showed that both therapies effectively reduced LBP. When comparing the effects of spinal manipulation alone to those of spinal manipulation combined with DN, the latter showed significantly greater benefits.

Tennis Elbow Treatment: Efficaciousness of Kinesio tape and Therapeutic Ultrasonography

A common musculoskeletal ailment known as tennis elbow, or lateral epicondylitis, ischaracterized by discomfort and soreness on the outside of the elbow. Numerous therapeuticapproaches have been investigated in an effort to reduce symptoms and encourage healing. The purposeof this research is to assess the effectiveness of two widely used therapies for tennis elbow therapeuticultrasound and kinesio tape. Tennis elbow was identified in the participants of a randomized controlledexperiment. Over a six-week period, assessments were made of patient satisfaction, pain levels, andfunctional progress. To evaluate the efficacy of each treatment technique, the data were statisticallyexamined.

Physiotherapists' Perception of and Readiness to Use, Telerehabilitation for Musculoskeletal Disorders in Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal ailments exert a significant impact on global populations. To address challenges posed by geographical constraints and financial limitations, physiotherapists have explored and found telerehabilitation to be a viable solution. Despite its proven effectiveness in clinical practice, the integration of telerehabilitation has been sluggish. This cross-sectional survey sought to delve into the perspectives and readiness of physiotherapists in Malaysia regarding telerehabilitation for musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: A customized survey instrument was developed and evaluated for face validity and reliability. The 36-item questionnaire was distributed through the Google Form platform, targeting respondents via social media channels such as Facebook and WhatsApp. Data analysis used descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage). Results: The survey garnered responses from 271 physiotherapists. A majority (76.3%, n = 202) expressed agreement regarding the potential benefits of telerehabilitation in physiotherapy practice. About 77% of the respondents also showcased greater readiness for monitoring client progress through telerehabilitation as opposed to assessment and treatment. Notable benefits identified by respondents included preventing cross-infection (98.5%) and reducing travel time for both clients (94.0%) and physiotherapists (90.6%). Conclusion: The study reveals that physiotherapists in Malaysia exhibit positive attitudes and preparedness for implementing telerehabilitation in managing musculoskeletal conditions.

ViSCNOVAS: A Novel Classification System for Hyaluronic Acid-Based Gels in Orthobiologic Products and Regenerative Medicine.

Hyaluronic acid (HA), a naturally occurring polysaccharide, holds immense potential in regenerative medicine due to its diverse biological functions and clinical applications, particularly in gel formulations. This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of HA, encompassing its origins, molecular characteristics, and therapeutic roles in gel-based interventions. Initially identified in bovine vitreous humor, HA has since been found in various tissues and fluids across vertebrate organisms and bacterial sources, exhibiting consistent physicochemical properties. The synthesis of HA by diverse cell types underscores its integral role in the extracellular matrix and its relevance to tissue homeostasis and repair. Clinical applications of HA, particularly in addressing musculoskeletal ailments such as osteoarthritis, are examined, highlighting its efficacy and safety in promoting tissue regeneration and pain relief. Building upon this foundation, a novel classification system for HA-based interventions is proposed, aiming to standardize treatment protocols and optimize patient outcomes. The ViSCNOVAS classification system refers to viscosity, storage, chain, number, origin, volume, amount, and size. This classification is specifically designed for HA-based orthobiologic products used in regenerative medicine, including orthopedics, sports medicine, aesthetics, cosmetic dermatology, and wound healing. It aims to provide clinicians with a structured framework for personalized treatment strategies. Future directions in HA research are also discussed, emphasizing the need for further validation and refinement of the proposed classification system to advance the field of regenerative medicine. Overall, this manuscript elucidates the biological functions of hyaluronic acid and its potential in clinical practice while advocating for standardization to enhance patient care in various regenerative applications.

Efficacy and safety of wet cupping in the management of Gout: An open labeled, randomized standard control study

BackgroundThe most prevalent form of inflammatory arthritis is Gouty arthritis. Wet cupping, a traditional regimental therapy of Greco-Arab and Chinese medicine, has been proven an effective and safe alternative treatment for multiple disorders especially in musculoskeletal ailments. Aims and objectivesTo study the efficacy and safety of wet cupping in Gouty arthritis. MethodsIn an open-labeled, randomized and standard controlled trial 60 patients of gout fulfilling the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated in test group (n=30) receiving wet cupping and the control group (n=30) receiving allopurinol for a period of 60 days. Patients were assessed at every 15th day for subjective parameters/symptoms, whereas for objective parameters (serum uric acid, inflammatory markers) assessment was done at 0th day and on 61st day of the study protocol. The data was analyzed statistically using student t-test to obtain the results. ResultsBoth the test and control groups showed a significant improvement in subjective parameters (p<0.001). Serum uric acid gets significantly improved after the treatment (p<0.001) in both the groups, however among inflammatory markers, better improvement in ESR was seen in test group (p< 0.05) than control group (p=0.37) but there was no considerable improvement in CRP either in test or control group. All the safety parameters (LFT, KFT) were found to remain undisturbed after completion of study protocol. ConclusionWet cupping has a considerable impact in improving the symptoms of gout and serum uric acid levels. It is much safer and could prove a better alternative for gout management.

Effect of Prenatal Yoga On Back Pain and Sleep Quality in Pregnant Women: A Scoping Review

Throughout pregnancy, the expectant mother experiences physiological and psychological alterations. These modifications can significantly affect the mother's many pregnancy complications, including respiratory difficulties, lumbar discomfort, haemorrhoids, and sleep disruptions. Background: Lower back pain (LBP) is a musculoskeletal ailment that can negatively impact the overall well-being of pregnant women. Failure to promptly address the complaint might have detrimental effects on both the mother and the fetus. Objective: This scoping review seeks to examine the effects of prenatal yoga on the occurrence of back pain and the quality of sleep in pregnant women. Methods: This article conducted a scoping review using the PRISMA approach. Articles published in the last five years (2019-2023) were identified through various sources, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Journal SAGE, Scopus, Science Direct, and EBSCO. This search yielded ten relevant journals. Findings: Our examination revealed that engaging in prenatal yoga during pregnancy can help pregnant women reduce back pain and improve the quality of their sleep. Conclusion: prenatal yoga is a non-pharmacological therapeutic option for pregnant women to alleviate back discomfort and enhance sleep quality.

AN OBSERVATIONAL PROSPECTIVE STUDY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF GRIDHRASI

Gridhrasi is one of the most common debilitating diseases of all age groups, affecting the physical, mental, and social life of patients. Ayurveda offers a lot of possibilities for musculoskeletal ailments, and Gridhrasi is not an exception. Gridhrasi is one among the Vataja Nanatmaja Vyadhi where dysfunction of Vata dosha manifests as low back pain which radiates to the lower limbs, accompanied by stiffness and a pricking type of pain. Gridhrasi's symptoms closely resemble the clinical features of Sciatica in modern science where pain, weak-ness, numbness and other discomforts along the path of the sciatic nerve are often accompanied with low back pain. Contemporary conservative treatments offer only temporary relief, and surgical options cannot eliminate the associated complications. Acharya Charaka has provided three limb treatment techniques for Gridhrasi. This classical intervention has yet to be previously attempted, and thus, this study aims to establish the effec-tiveness of these treatments for Gridhrasi. Since Gridhrasi significantly impacts patients' physical, mental, and social well-being, there is a compelling need to identify a suitable and cost-effective cure, making it the focal point of this research. The three limbs are namely Basti, Siravyadha and Agnikarma. Basti is regarded as So-dhana Chikitsa where, whereas Siravyadha and Agnikarma are Anusalya Chikitsa. Thus, in this study, the clas-sical reference of Acharya Charaka’s treatment principle of Gridhrasi was taken, and a conceptual three-arm survey including these three treatment modalities was done. The outcome of the study is expected to generate clinical evidence on the effect of three individual treatments in Gridhrasi.

Effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for rotator cuff injury: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Rotator cuff injury (RCI) is a common musculoskeletal ailment and a major cause of shoulder pain and limited functionality. The ensuing pain and restricted movement significantly impact overall quality of life. This study aims to systematically review the effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on RCI. This protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols. A literature search, spanning inception to November 1, 2023, will include databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) to identify ESWT studies for RCI treatment. Excluding retrospectives, bias risk will be assessed with the Cochrane tool. Two researchers will independently screen, extract data, and evaluate bias risk. Revman 5.3 software will be used for data analysis. This study aims to objectively and comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness and safety of randomized controlled trials of ESWT in the treatment of RCI, and analyze in detail the effect of ESWT in the treatment of RCI. Results will be analyzed using the Pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Constant-Murley score, University of California Los Angeles score (UCLA), and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons form (ASES). If applicable, subgroup analysis will also be performed to divide patients into groups according to the energy level of ESWT, the time of intervention, and the degree of tearing of RCI. Finally, the results are submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. There is existing evidence suggesting that ESWT may contribute to the amelioration of pain and functional limitations associated with Rotator Cuff Injury (RCI). This systematic review aims to update, consolidate, and critically evaluate relevant evidence on the effects of ESWT for RCI. The anticipated outcomes may serve as a valuable reference for clinical ESWT practices, covering treatment methods, timing, and intensity. Moreover, this review aspires to provide high-quality evidence addressing the impact of ESWT on RCI-related pain. Simultaneously, the findings of this systematic review are poised to offer guidance to clinicians and rehabilitation therapists. This guidance is intended to enhance the management of pain and functional impairments experienced by individuals with RCI, ultimately leading to improvements in their physical well-being. Protocol registration number CRD42023441407. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023441407.

Prevalence of low back pain and associated factors among nurses working in public hospitals of Hawassa city, southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundLow back pain is a prevalent musculoskeletal ailment that affects numerous individuals, particularly those in the workforce. Nurses, in particular, are highly susceptible to this condition. In developing countries, nurses may encounter physically demanding environments requiring them to lift or transfer patients or equipment without access to proper lifting aids. Such circumstances increase their chances of developing low back pain. Hence, it is crucial to determine the prevalence and risk factors of low back pain to assess the effect and suggest preventive measures. ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the prevalence of low back pain and associated factors among nurses working in public hospitals in Hawassa City, Sidama Region, Southern Ethiopia, 2021. MethodsAn institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 15 to Jun 15, 2021, among randomly selected 398 nurses working in public hospitals of Hawassa City, southern Ethiopia. Data were collected using a standard, modified Nordic Musculoskeletal assessment tool. The data was entered into EPI-Data version 4.6.0.2 and exported to STATA version 14.0 for analysis. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with the prevalence of low back pain. Significance was considered at p < 0.05 with a 95 % confidence interval. ResultsThe study was conducted among 391 nurses, giving a response rate of 98.2 %.The one-year prevalence of low back pain was 242(61.9 %) with (95 % CI: 57%–66 %). Being female [AOR 1.82; 95%CI (1.07–3.08)], body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 [AOR 2.17; 95 %CI (1.24–3.79)], not getting assistance from coworkers [AOR 1.80; 95 % CI (1.07–3.02)] and not using of the assistive device were [AOR 1.77; 95 % CI (1.04–3.01)] were factors significantly associated with low back pain among nurses. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, a high proportion of nurses reported having low back pain among nurses in Hawassa public hospitals. The study suggests emphasizing the accessibility of assistive devices for patient care, having a balanced body weight, and working in collaboration among nurses to reduce the risk of low back pain among nurses.

Whole-body cryotherapy in orthopaedics: current concepts.

The use of whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) for musculoskeletal ailments is growing. WBC, involving brief exposure to extremely low temperatures, is increasingly used for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. The paper examines the physiological impacts of WBC on cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, hematologic, hormonal, and metabolic systems. Specific orthopaedic applications discussed include its role in the management of fractures, osteoarthritis, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, osteomyelitis, adhesive capsulitis, tendinopathies, rheumatic pathologies, chronic pain syndromes, and fibromyalgia. The study also highlights the benefits and drawbacks of WBC, including its potential to improve athletic performance, recovery, mood, and well-being, while noting risks like frostbite and impaired muscle strength. Clinical evidence from various studies is evaluated, revealing a spectrum of outcomes. For instance, WBC shows promise in enhancing bone health in athletes and providing relief in osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia patients. However, evidence for its efficacy in conditions like chronic pain syndromes and osteomyelitis is less robust. The paper underscores the need for further research to establish standardised protocols and understand long-term effects. While WBC offers significant benefits in orthopaedics, understanding its limitations and potential risks is crucial for its safe and effective clinical application.

Efficacy of telerehabilitation in patients with nonspecific neck pain: A meta-analysis.

At a rate of more than 30% annually, neck pain is a very prevalent musculoskeletal ailment that is second only to low back pain as the most common cause of disability. Most occurrences of neck pain are nonspecific. Telerehabilitation is regarded as a potentially effective healthcare approach in this setting. This review aims to evaluate how a telerehabilitation-based intervention affected individuals with nonspecific neck pain (NNP) in terms of pain and disability. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane library, ClinicalTrials.gov, CNKI, and WanFang were consulted from inception to September 2023, with the inclusion of randomized controlled trials only. The experimental data were meta-analyzed using RevMan 5.3. The meta-analysis contained eight studies; there was no significant difference in pain improvement in patients with NNP by telerehabilitation compared to conventional care (SMD = -0.10, 95% CI: -0.48 to 0.28), but there was a significant effect on disability improvement (SMD = -0.41, 95% CI: -0.78 to -0.03). Telerehabilitation demonstrated more significant improvements in pain (SMD = -1.16, 95% CI: -1.99 to -0.32) and disability (MD = -3.78, 95% CI: -5.29 to -2.27) compared to minimal or no intervention. This study emphasizes the potential benefits of employing telerehabilitation in patients with NNP, especially in reducing pain intensity and improving disability. But additional study is required to fully grasp the potential of telerehabilitation in this field.

To Compare the Effect of Ischemic Compression versus Dynamic Stretching Exercises on Pain in Subjects with Upper Trapezitis

Background: The most prevalent musculoskeletal ailment is trapezitis, which primarily affects the upper trapeziusmuscle due to overuse or strain.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of ischemic compression and dynamic stretchingexercises on pain in subjects with upper trapezitis.Materials and Methods: A total of 40 subjects were chosen from Neha Clinic and assigned to two groups, namelythe ischemic compression group along with Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) (n=20) and thedynamic stretching exercises group along with TENS (n=20), based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Visualanalog scale (VAS) and cervical range of motion (CROM) were used as outcome measures. The entire process wasperformed from November 2022 to April 2023.Result: The mean value of ischemic compression at the post-test was found to be higher than the mean value ofdynamic stretching exercises, with a p-value of less than 0.0001Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that ischemic compression is more effective than dynamic stretchingexercises in reducing pain associated with upper trapezitis.

Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and its inhibitors: A minireview

The type-II collagenase, also known as matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) plays a vital role in a variety of physiological illnesses namely cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, renal, digestive, and respiratory ailments including cancer. However, numerous novel compounds with effective MMP-8 inhibitory activity have been created by research and academic institutions, pharmaceutical companies, and both. Sadly, despite showing promising results, these compounds have a variety of negative side effects. In this context, a number of MMP-8 inhibitors having potential inhibitory activity with different key structural features such as hydroxamates, carboxylic acid, thiol and mercaptosulfide, phosphonate, and pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione have been discussed. Additionally, various ligand-based and structure-based drug designs that have been previously conducted on a variety of MMP-8 inhibitors have been thoroughly reviewed and that can offer important information regarding the development of novel MMP-8 inhibitors in the future. Therefore, the detailed knowledge about the key structural features of the existing MMP-8 inhibitors can be found, and further with the help of drug design strategies, a novel class of collagenase inhibitors may be identified. In light of this, this work may be beneficial for researchers looking into the processes involved in developing and identifying new potential and promising MMP-8 inhibitors.

INVESTIGATE THE FUNCTIONING OF THE POWER-LOOM INDUSTRY THROUGH RULA AND REBA

Employees in India frequently complain about musculoskeletal issues. Currently, manual labor is a common component of power loom industries, making the problems of job-related musculoskeletal ailments and injuries at various body sites of important importance. To measure job processes, workload assessment, and work stress in the current study, video was taken. The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method was utilized to quantify the risk variables connected to upper extremity problems. While the physical issues were measured with the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). This ergonomic study sheds light on the analysis of worker posture in the power loom sector. The study's participants were the 15 power-loom industry employees at MIDC Solapur (Maharashtra, India).Then, using a video clip that showed the workers' various tasks, images were taken for analysis. It was concluded as a result that the power loom industry is not ergonomicsaware or aware. According to RULA and REBA's examination of the problem utilising postural analysis, the staff is working more than is safe. The vast majority of workers are stooped over. Since there is a moderate to high risk of musculoskeletal issues among the workforce, many interventions are employed to avoid WMSDs or their symptoms, such as training, ergonomic adjustments, rest relief, and exercises.