Muscle-strengthening Physical Activity Research Articles

Association of aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality among adults with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort of US adults

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship of moderate physical activity (MPA), vigorous physical activity (VPA), and muscle strengthening activity (MSA), independently and jointly, with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and non-CVD mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Material and methodsThis cohort study included 47,538 adults with T2D and 561,963 adults without T2D from the National Health Interview Survey 1997–2018 who provided data on self-reported physical activity (PA). Mortality data were obtained from the National Death Index through 2019. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). ResultsIn analyses mutually adjusted, versus no MPA adults with T2D, performing the recommendations of MPA (150–299 min/week) associated with lower all-cause mortality (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.66–0.78), CVD mortality (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.58–0.79), and non-CVD mortality (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.65–0.79). Similar benefits were observed in those meeting recommendations for VPA and MSA. Higher levels of PA beyond current recommendations may provide a few additional benefits without adverse effects on mortality risk, regardless of diabetes onset age, duration of diabetes, and medication status. The joint analysis indicates that combining MSA with aerobic PA could further lower mortality risk, and lowest all-cause mortality was observed among individuals engaging in either 75–150 min/week of VPA and 1 time/week of MSA (HR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.13–0.70) or 150–299 min/week of MPA and 1 time/week of MSA (HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.20–0.55). ConclusionOur study supports the current PA guidelines and suggests that there may be limited benefits gained from exercising beyond recommended levels in adults with T2D, combining recommended levels of aerobic and resistance exercises could yield the greatest benefits.

Grip strength buffers the harmful association between multimorbidity and depression among middle-aged and older adults

BackgroundGrip strength (GS) is associated to both multimorbidity and depression, however its possible moderating effect is unknown. This study aimed to investigate GS moderating effect on the association between multimorbidity and depression. MethodsData from SHARE wave 8 was used. Participant were 41457 middle-aged and older adults (17954 men) from 18 European countries. A regression analysis was conducted for the moderating effect of sex- and age-specific GS quartiles (W) on the association between number of chronic diseases (X1) or multimorbidity (X2) and depression symptoms (Y). ResultsMore chronic diseases were associated with greater depressive symptomatology (men: B = 0.39, 95 % CI: 0.35, 0.42; women: B = 0.42, 95 % CI: 0.39, 0.45). On the other hand, being in a higher GS quartile was associated with fewer depression symptoms, and this association was stronger the higher the quartile was. Having a higher GS represented a decrease in depression symptoms associated with multimorbidity for men (quartile 1: B = 0.85, 95 % CI = 0.74, 0.95 vs. quartile 4: B = 0.49, 95 % CI = 0.38, 0.61) and women (quartile 1: B = 1.08, 95 %CI = 0.97, 1.19 vs. quartile 4: B = 0.59, 95 %CI: 0.47, 0.70). ConclusionsStrategies aiming to reduce the impact of multimorbidity on mental health should promote muscle-strengthening physical activity among middle-aged and older adults.

Meeting the Aerobic and Muscle-Strengthening Physical Activity Guidelines Among Older US Adults, National Health Interview Survey 1998-2018.

The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, second edition, recommends older adults participate in ≥150minutes per week of moderate-intensity equivalent aerobic activity and ≥2days per week of muscle-strengthening activity. We estimated prevalence and trends of meeting the guidelines among US adults aged ≥65years from 1998 to 2018. Using the 1998-2018 National Health Interview Survey, we estimated the prevalence of meeting aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and combined physical activity guidelines stratified by age group, sex, race and ethnicity, and education level. Within age groups, we calculated prevalence differences by sociodemographic categories. Prevalence of meeting each guideline increased for all age groups and most sociodemographic subgroups. The increased magnitude of meeting the combined guideline from 1998-2000 to 2016-2018 differed across levels of educational attainment for most age groups. Despite increasing over time, the prevalence among older adults of meeting physical activity guidelines remains low (range for combined guideline: 7.2%-17.2%).

The association between work-related activities and leisure-time physical activity among Latinos

ABSTRACT Objectives Latinos engage in high levels of occupational physical activity, yet low levels of leisure-time physical activity. Limited research has examined specific work-based activities that may contribute to leisure-time physical activity for meeting current physical activity recommendations among Latinos. The purpose of our study was to examine associations between frequency of work-related exertion and standing/walking with meeting the aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity guidelines among Latinos and whether associations varied by nativity. Design We used cross-sectional 2015 National Health Interview Survey data on Latinos ≥18 years of age (n = 3162). Logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between the frequency of work-related activities with meeting the aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity guidelines. Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, Latino subpopulation, shift work, and nativity. We also examined whether associations varied by nativity. Results In adjusted models, compared with those never engaging in exertion at work, participants always exerting themselves were significantly less likely to meet the aerobic activity guideline (Odds Ratio [OR]: 0.66, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.51–0.87). Compared with those never standing/walking at work, participants seldom standing/walking were also less likely to meet the aerobic activity guideline (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.95). Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, Latino subpopulation, shift work, and nativity. When stratified by nativity, the patterns in the strength of the associations were similar, while differences were observed in the associations of work-related activities with meeting guidelines. Conclusion Our findings suggest that engaging in higher frequency of exertion and standing/walking at work are associated with being less likely to meet the aerobic physical activity guideline during leisure time among Latinos, with variation observed in meeting guidelines by nativity. Insight into physical activities performed at work could inform efforts aimed at promoting recommended levels of physical activity among Latinos.

Successful Physical Activity Maintainers: Strategies and Characteristics of Young African American Women

African American (AA) women have disproportionately high physical inactivity and obesity prevalence rates in comparison to their gender and racial counterparts. AA women experience unique barriers to leisure-time physical activity (LTPA); however, methods to overcome these barriers are less developed. Therefore, this study used semistructured interviews to explore strategies of young, active AA women that support LTPA maintenance and to identify their psychosocial and behavioral characteristics. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long was also administered to provide descriptors of participants’ LTPA. Ten women (age: M = 26.1, SD = 1.7 years) who met national guidelines for aerobic or muscle-strengthening LTPA at least 6 months (aerobic LTPA: M = 2,578.0, SD = 1,228.5 metabolic equivalent-minutes [MET-min]/week; muscle-strengthening physical activity: M = 4.0, SD = 1.9 days/week) completed the study. Four categories emerged from the interviews: (a) early-life contributors to LTPA participation, (b) characteristics of current LTPA, (c) initiating LTPA participation, and (d) maintaining LTPA participation. Findings revealed participants identified weightlifting as a preferred type of LTPA, identified various planning/preparation methods to overcome LTPA challenges, and relied on social media to initiate and maintain LTPA. This study identified several strategies used by young AA women to maintain regular LTPA and program preferences. These data are important in this understudied group as similar strategies may help inactive young AA women overcome LTPA challenges and promote long-term adherence. This could help prevent health and physical activity disparities in this population.

Supporting adolescents’ participation in muscle-strengthening physical activity: protocol for the ‘Resistance Training for Teens’ (RT4T) hybrid type III implementation–effectiveness trial

IntroductionIn Australia, only 22% of male and 8% of female adolescents meet the muscle-strengthening physical activity guidelines, and few school-based interventions support participation in resistance training (RT). After promising findings...

The mediation role of physical fitness in association between muscle-strengthening physical activities and its component with blood pressure among young adults: considering gender and abnormal blood pressure as moderators, moderate-vigorous physical activity, sleep behavior, sedentary behavior, mental wellbeing and BMI as covariates.

Global burden of hypertension among young people continues to increase. There have been many studies examining the effect of aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity on blood pressure, many of them didn't consider interdependence between them. Conflicting results of health-related fitness, particularly handgrip strength, as intermediate outcomes of muscle-strengthening physical activity on blood pressure also emerged. This research will carry out a mediation-moderation analysis to find out the relationship between muscle strengthening physical activity and blood pressure among young adults by considering health-related fitness and 24-hour movement behavior. A cross-sectional study among 221 Indonesian young adults attending a physical activity intervention collected participant's muscle-strengthening physical activity, and 24 h movement behavior, including aerobic physical activity, sedentary and sleep behavior, and mental well-being using validated questionnaires. Mediation and moderation analyses were conducted using Process Macro model 10 on SPSS 25 to investigate the association of muscle-strengthening physical activity on blood pressure, with gender and blood pressure as moderator, mediators consist of handgrip strength, muscle mass percentage and cardiorespiratory fitness. A subgroup analysis was conducted based on participant's cardiorespiratory fitness level. Volume of muscle-strengthening physical activities in a week have a direct association with systolic blood pressure among prehypertensive male with an effect of 0,00989359 (95% CI 0,0046488 to 0,00336478). Considering its volume as mediator, the frequency of muscle-strengthening physical activity contributed to a significant direct effect on diastolic blood pressure in both genders, but the duration of MSPA has a significant direct effect on systolic blood pressure in male subjects. There is no component of physical fitness that provides a significant mediating effect. After a subgroup analysis, the relationship between MSPA Volume and blood pressure is not significant for individuals with a high level of cardiorespiratory fitness. This study shows that increased participation in muscle strengthening physical activity, especially in subject with low cardiorespiratory fitness, could increase blood pressure in prehypertensive young adult male population without mediation by physical fitness. Further research is needed to investigate other mechanisms that influence this relationship.

Aerobic and Muscle-Strengthening Physical Activity, Television Viewing, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The CARDIA Study.

The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in U.S. adults is over 30%, yet the role of lifestyle factors in the etiology of NAFLD remains understudied. We examined the associations of physical activity, by intensity and type, and television viewing with prevalent NAFLD. Cross-sectional analysis of a population-based sample of 2726 Black (49%) and White (51%) adults (Mean (SD) age, 50 (3.6) years; 57.3% female) from the CARDIA study. Exposures were aerobic activity by intensity (moderate, vigorous; hours/week); activity type (aerobic, muscle-strengthening; hours/week); and television viewing (hours/week), examined concurrently in all models and assessed by validated questionnaires. Our outcome was NAFLD (liver attenuation < 51 Hounsfield Units), measured by non-contrast computed tomography, after exclusions for other causes of liver fat. Covariates were sex, age, race, study center, education, diet quality, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and body mass index or waist circumference. 648 participants had NAFLD. In the fully adjusted modified Poisson regression model, the risk ratios per interquartile range of each exposure were moderate-intensity aerobic activity, 1.10 (95% CI, 0.97-1.26); vigorous-intensity aerobic activity, 0.72 (0.63-0.82); muscle-strengthening activity, 0.89 (0.80-1.01); and television viewing, 1.20 (1.10-1.32). Relative to less active participants with higher levels of television viewing, those who participated in ≥2 h/week of both vigorous-intensity aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity and <7 h/week of television viewing had 65% lower risk of NAFLD (risk ratio = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.23-0.51). Adults who follow public health recommendations for vigorous-aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity, as well as minimize television viewing, are considerably less likely to have NAFLD than those who do not follow the recommendations and who have relatively high levels of television viewing.

College Students' Readiness to Change in Physical Inactivity Behavior using Perfection Quotient Behavioral Model

Background: In 2022, about 25% of U.S. adults reported engaging in no leisure-time physical activity, and among those who reported being physically active, only 24% engaged in enough physical activity to meet both aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity guidelines. Physical inactivity has been linked to a higher risk of all-cause mortality, numerous chronic diseases, and negative mental health outcomes such as anxiety and depression. Physical inactive behavior is influenced by individual and environmental influences and becomes more acute in college students. Objectives: In this study, we deploy a novel behavioral model called Perfection Quotient (PQ) and its components/ constructs Health Emotional Quotient (HEQ), Health X Quotient (HXQ), and Health Spiritual Quotient (HSQ) to explain the readiness to change for physical inactivity behavior in a sample of college students in Mississippi, USA. Methods: Cross-sectional study was undertaken at a public university in Mississippi. A random sample of 572 was drawn from 5,000 students from the university registrar’s list. A 37-item survey delivered via QualtricsTM online survey software was administered among students aged &gt; 18 years. The survey included questions on the three constructs of PQ. The association between these three components and physical inactivity was assessed using binomial logistic regression. Results: Of the survey respondents 51.2% (n=293) reported intentions to change their physical inactivity behavior. The mean scores of the constructs of the PQ model were, HEQ = 29.81 units (SD = 5.74; observed and possible range: 0-40), HXQ = 23.67 units (SD = 4.67; observed range: 0-34; possible 0-36), HSQ = 17.78 units (SD = 4.93; observed and possible range: 0-24), PQ = 71.38 units (SD 12.18; observed range: 0-97; possible 0-100). HEQ with its components of self-awareness, mood management, and self-motivation had an odds ratio of 0.947 (95% CI: 0.905 to 0.992) and was marginally negatively associated with the likelihood of readiness to change physical inactivity behavior (p&lt;0.02). HXQ with its components of cautiousness, independence, and competition had an odds ratio of 0.996 (95% CI: 0.944 to 1.051) and was not a significant predictor (p&gt;0.05). HSQ with its components of self-love and love for others was marginally positively associated with the likelihood of readiness to change physical activity behavior (p&lt;0.005) and had an odds ratio of 1.077 (95% CI: 1.022 to 1.135). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the three constructs of the PQ model need to evolve further, instrumentation augmented, and further longitudinal studies designed.

Aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and flexibility physical activity and risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based prospective cohort of Korean adults

BackgroundStudies have shown that aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activities reduce mortality risk. However, little is known about the joint associations of the two activity types and whether other type of physical activity, such as flexibility activity, can provide similar mortality risk reduction.ObjectivesWe examined the independent associations of aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and flexibility physical activities with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a population-based prospective cohort of Korean men and women. We also examined the joint associations of aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities, the two physical activity types that are recommended by the current World Health Organization physical activity guidelines.DesignThis analysis included 34,379 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2013 participants (aged 20–79 years) with mortality data linkage through December 31, 2019. Engagement in walking, aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and flexibility physical activities was self-reported at baseline. Cox proportional hazards model was performed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsFlexibility physical activity (≥ 5 vs. 0 d/wk) was inversely associated with all-cause (HR [95% CI] = 0.80 [0.70–0.92]; P-trend < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (0.75 [0.55–1.03], P-trend = 0.02). Moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity (≥ 50.0 vs. 0 MET-h/wk) was also associated with lower all-cause (HR [95% CI] = 0.82 [0.70–0.95]; P-trend < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (0.55 [0.37–0.80]; P-trend < 0.001). Similar inverse associations were observed with total aerobic physical activity, including walking. Muscle-strengthening activity (≥ 5 vs. 0 d/wk) was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (HR [95% CI] = 0.83 [0.68–1.02]; P-trend = 0.01) but was not associated with cancer or cardiovascular mortality. Compared to participants meeting the highest guidelines for both moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activities, those not meeting in any guideline were associated with higher all-cause (1.34 [1.09–1.64]) and cardiovascular mortality (1.68 [1.00-2.82]).ConclusionsOur data suggest that aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and flexibility activities are associated with lower risk of mortality.

Abstract P226: Aerobic and Muscle Strengthening Physical Activity and Television Viewing Are Independently Associated With Odds of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Cardia Study

Introduction: The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in US adults is over 25%, yet the etiology of lifestyle factors in the development of NAFLD remains understudied. We examined the independent and joint associations among aerobic physical activity (PA) intensity (moderate, vigorous) and PA type (aerobic, muscle strengthening), television viewing (TV), and odds of NAFLD. Hypothesis: Higher levels of aerobic and muscle strengthening PA are associated with lower odds of NAFLD, and higher levels of TV are associated with higher odds of NAFLD. Methods: We analyzed data from Year 25 of the CARDIA cohort study. Our exposures (moderate and vigorous aerobic and muscle strengthening PA, TV; hr/wk) were assessed using validated questionnaires. Our outcome (NAFLD) was measured using non-contrast computed tomography. We constructed multivariable logistic regression models to examine the independent and joint associations between PA (moderate or vigorous aerobic and strength), TV, and odds of NAFLD. Covariates were sex, age, race, study center, education, diet, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and waist circumference. Results: 2726 participants (648 with NAFLD) were analyzed (mean (SD) age, 50.1 (3.6) years; 49% Black; 43% male). Fully adjusted odds ratios per IQR-standardized continuous PA and TV were: moderate aerobic PA (IQR = 4.3), 0.93 (95% CI, 0.81-1.07); vigorous aerobic PA (IQR = 1.9), 0.63 (95% CI, 0.55-0.73); muscle strengthening PA (IQR = 3.3), 0.80 (95% CI, 0.07-0.92); and TV (IQR = 14.0), 1.20 (95% CI, 1.10-1.32). Only vigorous aerobic PA remained statistically significant after waist circumference adjustment, 0.83 (95% CI, 0.70-0.98). A PA-TV index model (Figure) indicated the combination of higher vigorous aerobic and muscle strengthening PA and lower TV resulted in an odds ratio of 0.23 (95% CI, 0.15-0.37). Conclusion: Concurrent higher levels of vigorous aerobic PA (≥2 hr/wk), muscle strengthening PA (≥2 hr/wk), and lower levels of TV (&lt;7 hr/wk) were associated with 77% lower odds of NAFLD.

Prevalence of Meeting Aerobic, Muscle-Strengthening, and Combined Physical Activity Guidelines During Leisure Time Among Adults, by Rural-Urban Classification and Region — United States, 2020

The healthful effects of physical activity on a multitude of physical and mental health outcomes are well documented (1). Despite promising increases in the percentage of U.S. adults meeting aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity guidelines (guidelines)* (1) during leisure time in nearly all demographic and regional subgroups 1998-2018 (2,3), differences by rurality and U.S. Census Bureau region (Northeast, Midwest, South, and West), persist (4). Before 2020, analyses of rural-urban differences were dichotomized into nonmetropolitan (rural) versus metropolitan (urban) areas; however, in 2020 a four-category rural-urban variable† to classify rural-urban status was included in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) public-use dataset. NHIS 2020 data were used to conduct multivariate logistic regression analyses by rural-urban status and U.S. Census Bureau region of the prevalence of meeting the aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and combined aerobic and muscle-strengthening guidelines during leisure time among adults aged ≥18 years, controlling for demographic characteristics. Prevalence of meeting the aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and combined aerobic and muscle-strengthening guidelines was consistently the lowest in Nonmetropolitan counties (38.2%, 21.1%, and 16.1%, respectively) and highest in the West region (52.1%, 35.3%, and 28.5%, respectively). Regardless of rural-urban classification and region, no more than 28% of adults met combined aerobic and muscle-strengthening guidelines. Adults in the most rural category were significantly less likely to meet aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and combined guidelines than were adults in each of the three other categories (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] range = 0.68-0.89). In addition, adults in medium and small metropolitan counties were less likely to meet guidelines than were adults in the two most urban categories (aOR range = 0.85-0.89). Adults in the Northeast, Midwest, and South U.S. Census Bureau regions were less likely to meet guidelines than were adults in the West region (aOR range = 0.75-0.82). These analyses identify geographic disparities in leisure-time physical activity where focused population-level intervention efforts could help reduce or eliminate the consequent disparities in chronic conditions (e.g., cardiovascular diseases) and the resulting mortality (5,6).

The relationship between objectively measured sitting time, posture, and low back pain in sedentary employees during COVID-19.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between objectively measured sitting time, posture, and low back pain (LBP) in adults with full-time (≥ 40h/week) sedentary "desk" jobs. Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) between work environments (home vs. office) were also compared during COVID-19. Participants (N = 53; M age = 41 ± 12years) were full-time employees in sedentary jobs during COVID-19. A survey with demographic, work environment, and LBP questions was completed; Thomas Test assessed poor hip posture. ActivPAL devices were worn for ≥ 4 valid days (≥ 10h/d) to assess waking sitting time (min/d). Binomial logistic regressions examined sitting as a predictor of poor posture and LBP; ANOVAs compared PA and SB between work environments. Objectively measured sitting (min/day) predicted poor hip posture (β = -0.01, p < 0.046) but was not significant for LBP (β = 0.002, p < 0.43). Participants who worked from home had significantly higher sitting time (569 ± 111 vs. 477 ± 46min/d; p < 0.04), higher muscle strengthening PA (2.2 ± 2 vs. 0.5 ± 1.2d/week p < 0.02), but no difference in aerobic PA (p < 0.15), than those who worked from an office. Given the shift to remote work during COVID-19, employees are at high risk for postural compensations that lead to LBP due to high SB and poor work ergonomics at home. There is a need to develop home-based behavioral and exercise interventions to reduce sitting, help improve posture, and invest in proper ergonomic homework equipment.

Meeting guidelines for physical activity, muscle strength, and sleep lowers mortality risk: Commentary on: “Associations between aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity, sleep duration, and risk of all-cause mortality: A prospective cohort study of 282,473 U.S. adults”

Meeting guidelines for physical activity, muscle strength, and sleep lowers mortality risk: Commentary on: “Associations between aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity, sleep duration, and risk of all-cause mortality: A prospective cohort study of 282,473 U.S. adults”

Associations Of Physical Activity, Mental Health, And Quality Of Life With Sarcopenic Obesity In Elderly

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the associations of physical activity (PA), mental health, and quality of life (QoL) with sarcopenic obesity (SO) in Korean older adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 11,253 participants (men: 5040, women: 6213) over 60 years who participated in Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2014 to 2019. SO is defined as the maximum handgrip strength value of <26 kg in men and < 18 kg in women and waist circumference value of ≥90 cm for men and ≥ 85 cm for women. Participants were divided into four groups: normal, obesity, sarcopenia, and SO. PA data were obtained from the Korean version of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), and mental health data were based on the self-report portion of the Mental Health Questionnaire. Furthermore, the QoL section used the Korean version of the European Health-Related QoL Questionnaire. In addition, we performed multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for covariates including age, sex, height, weight, income level, education level, occupation, smoking, alcohol consumption status, and medical history to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS: Participants who met both the aerobic and muscle-strengthening PA guidelines had significantly decreased the prevalence of SO (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.10-0.32) compared to the normal group after adjusting for age. Moreover, participants with poor-perceived health status, higher perceived stress, depression symptoms, or lower QoL had an increased prevalence of SO (perceived health status: OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.58-2.54; perceived stress: OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.39-2.07; depression symptom: OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.48-2.67; and QoL OR 3.35, 95% CI 2.74-4.09) compared to participants without each condition. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to PA guidelines, good mental health, and high QoL was associated with a lower prevalence of SO in Korean older adults.

Dose–response association of aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity with mortality: a national cohort study of 416 420 US adults

ObjectivesTo investigate the dose–response association of aerobic physical activity (PA) and muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE) with all-cause mortality.MethodsNational Health Interview Survey data (1997–2014) were linked to the National Death Index through...

Aerobic or Muscle-Strengthening Physical Activity: Which Is Better for Health?

The Physical Activity Guidelines recommend performing 150 min of moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity (MVPA) per week. These guidelines also recommend muscle-strengthening physical activity (MSPA) on ≥2 d·wk-1 for additional benefits including muscular fitness and bone health. The majority of the scientific evidence supporting the PA recommendations for health comes from studies of MVPA while the possible contributions of MSPA in these findings have been overlooked historically. Emerging evidence suggests that MSPA can independently protect against major cardiometabolic risk factors, chronic diseases, and mortality. Additional data from clinical trials indicate that many of the well-known health benefits of exercise, like improvements in cardiovascular disease risk factors, are more robust with combined MVPA and MSPA. This review will clarify the relative benefits of MSPA versus MVPA on health-related outcomes to determine the best type of PA for health.

Associations between aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity, sleep duration, and risk of all-cause mortality: A prospective cohort study of 282,473 U.S. adults

PurposeTo examine the joint associations between meeting guidelines for physical activity (PA) and sleep duration and all-cause mortality risk among adults. MethodsParticipants were adults (n = 282,473) aged 18–84 years who participated in the 2004–2014 U.S. National Health Interview Survey. Mortality status was ascertained using the National Death Index through December 2015. Self-reported PA (Active: meeting both aerobic (AER) and muscle-strengthening (MSA) guidelines, AER only (AER), MSA only (MSA), or not meeting either AER or MSA (Inactive)) and sleep duration (Short, recommended (Rec), or Long) were classified according to guidelines, and 12 PA–sleep categories were derived. Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for all-cause mortality risk were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. ResultsA total of 282,473 participants (55% females) were included; 18,793 deaths (6.7%) occurred over an average follow-up of 5.4 years. Relative to the Active-Rec group, all other PA-sleep groups were associated with increased mortality risk except for the Active-Short group (hazard ratio = 1.08; 95%CI: 0.92–1.26). The combination of long sleep with either MSA or Inactive appeared to be synergistic. For a given sleep duration, mortality risk progressively increased among participants classified as AER, MSA, and Inactive. Within each activity level, the mortality risk was greatest among adults with long sleep. ConclusionRelative to adults meeting guidelines for both PA and sleep duration, adults who failed to meet guidelines for both AER and muscle strengthening PA and who also failed to meet sleep duration guidelines had elevated all-cause mortality risks. These results support interventions targeting both PA and sleep duration to reduce mortality risk.

Comparing Predictors of Intention for Physical Activity Participation between Normal and Overweight Military Spouses

ABSTRACT Background The Department of Defense (DOD) annually spends billions in medical care for military beneficiaries. Overweight and obesity are top concerns for dependents. Only 44% of military spouses (86% female, ages 25 to 34) meet Healthy People 2020 weight/BMI goals. Physical activity (PA) is an important modifiable behavior for preventing and treating obesity. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is a behavior change model that has been used in predicting PA behaviors. Purpose The purpose was to evaluate theory-based determinants of aerobic and muscle-strengthening PA among female military spouses. Methods Participants were recruited via social media to complete a modified version of an online survey measuring TPB constructs for aerobic and muscle strengthening PA. Results Regression models showed TPB constructs predicted significant variance of intentions to engage in PA (44.9% to 52.1%) for normal weight and obese/overweight military spouses. Discussion Results indicate interventions should differ by normal weight and overweight/obese due to differences in predictors of PA. Translation to Health Education Practice Future research should test these findings in experimental studies evaluating the effectiveness of intervention to create PA adherence based on weight status of military spouses and at multiple levels of the ecological to understand how the environment influences. A AJHE Self-Study quiz is online for this article via the SHAPE America Online Institute (SAOI) http://portal.shapeamerica.org/trn-Webinars

Romantic Partner Engagement in Muscle-Strengthening Physical Activity: A Qualitative Study

Physical activity is generally regarded as imperative to good health. Given the many health benefits of physical activity and the inclusion of muscle-strengthening physical activity (MSPA) in public health guidelines, an understanding of how romantic partners might foster or inhibit MSPA may be useful in promoting health and relationship quality. This study qualitatively explored how participants (young adults in long-term, dyadic heterosexual relationships) make sense of their partner's engagement in MSPA. The data came from the social media platform Reddit. The thematic analysis suggested five ways in which participants made meaning about MSPA in the context of their romantic relationships. Specifically, participants described experiencing conflict around partner engagement in MSPA, dissatisfaction with the partner's body, concern for partner's health, insecurity in response to physical changes in the partner, and concerns related to the partner balancing responsibilities and commitments. Limitations and implications of the analysis are discussed.