Muscle-strengthening Activities Research Articles

Comparing preferences to evaluations of barrier self-efficacy for two strength training programs in US older adults.

Engagement in regular physical activity is one of the best strategies for older adults to remain healthy. Unfortunately, only 35% of older adults meet guidelines for muscle strengthening activities. Eliciting participant preferences is one possible way to improve physical activity engagement. However, other sources of participant input to improve uptake and maintenance remain uninvestigated. This study compared preferences to self-efficacy ratings for two strength training programs. We conducted a national cross-sectional survey of 611 US adults over age 65. We compared two participant evaluations (the preferred program and the program for which they had higher barrier self-efficacy) of two hypothetical strength training programs (45 minutes performed three times per week (traditional) and 5 minutes performed daily (brief)). Most participants (68%) preferred the brief strength training program. The difference in self-efficacy ratings was an average of 1.2 (SD = 0.92). One in five participants preferred a strength training program for which they had less self-efficacy; nearly all of these participants (92%) preferred the traditional strength training program but had more self-efficacy for the brief strength training program. Older adults reported preferring and having more self-efficacy for a brief compared to a traditional strength training program. Differences in self-efficacy ratings between the two strength training programs were large. Preferences were often not congruent with ratings of self-efficacy. Preferences for strength training programming may not always reflect the program most likely to be maintained. Future investigations should evaluate differences in behavioral uptake, maintenance, and outcomes from two comparative strength training interventions using preferences and self-efficacy.

Predictive Validity of Multifactorial Injury Risk Models and Associated Clinical Measures in the U.S. Population.

Background: Popular movement-based injury risk screens were shown to lack predictive precision, leading to interest in multifactorial models. Furthermore, there is a lack of research regarding injury risk assessment for those currently or planning to be recreationally active. This study aims to provide injury risk insights by analyzing multifactorial injury risk models and associated clinical measures in the U.S. population. Methods: Data related to injury, inflammatory markers, physical functioning, body composition, physical activity, and other variables from 21,033 respondents were extracted from NHANES. Odds ratios for self-reported injury were calculated for single predictors and risk models. Case-control and principal component analyses (PCA) were conducted to elucidate confounders and identify risk factor clusters, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to test the precision of a risk factor cluster to identify pain points and functional difficulties. Results: Sociodemographic, individual, and lifestyle factors were strongly associated with higher odds of injury. Increases in fibrinogen and C-reactive protein were significantly associated with all risk groups. Membership to the high-risk group (age over 40, obesity, no muscle-strengthening activities, sedentary lifestyle, and low back pain) predicted at least one functional difficulty with 67.4% sensitivity and 87.2% specificity. In the injury group, bone turnover markers were higher, yet confounded by age, and there was a significantly higher prevalence of self-reported osteoporosis compared to the control. In males, low testosterone was associated with injury, and high estradiol was associated with pain and functional difficulties. In females, high follicle-stimulating hormone was associated with functional difficulties. PCA revealed four high-risk profiles, with markers and activities showing distinct loadings. Conclusions: A comprehensive approach to injury risk assessment should consider the nexus of aging, lifestyle, and chronic disease to enhance tailored injury prevention strategies, fostering safe and effective physical activity participation and reducing the burden of musculoskeletal disorders.

The Physical Activity Guidelines and Diabetes-Related Mortality: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006.

Background: Previous studies have indicated an inverse relationship between aerobic physical activity (PA) and risk of diabetes-related mortality (DRM). However, the contribution of aerobic PA across multiple domains, while also considering the contribution of muscle-strengthening activity (MSA), in reduction of risk for DRM has yet to be examined. Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the individual and combined associations of aerobic PA and MSA with DRM. Methods: The study sample (n = 13,350) included adult (20-79 years of age) participants from the 1999 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PA was categorized into 6 categories based around the 2018 PA guidelines: category 1 (inactive), category 2 (insufficient aerobic PA and no MSA), category 3 [active (aerobic) and no MSA], category 4 (no aerobic PA and sufficient MSA), category 5 (insufficient aerobic PA and sufficient MSA), and category 6 (meeting both recommendations). The dependent variable in this study was DRM, which includes those who had diabetes as the primary cause of death as well as those with diabetes listed as an underlying cause of death. Cox proportional hazards models were used for all analyses. Results: Following adjustment for covariates, significant risk reductions for DRM were found only in category 3 (HR = 0.57; 95% confidence interval: 0.37-0.88). Conclusions: Results suggest that meeting the aerobic PA guidelines significantly reduces the risk for DRM. Those meeting versus not meeting the MSA guidelines seem to have no difference in risk for DRM independent of aerobic PA.

Promotion of Muscle-Strengthening Activity Among Latina and Black/African American Women: A Review of Literature

Promotion of Muscle-Strengthening Activity Among Latina and Black/African American Women: A Review of Literature

Bright light therapy versus physical exercise to prevent co-occurring depression in adolescents and young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a multicentre, three-arm, randomised controlled, pilot phase-IIa trial

Abstract Depression is common in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but preventive behavioural interventions are lacking. This randomised controlled, pilot phase-IIa trial aimed to study a physical exercise intervention (EI) and bright light therapy (BLT)—both implemented and monitored in an individual, naturalistic setting via a mobile health (m-health) system—for feasibility of trial design and interventions, and to estimate their effects on depressive symptoms in young people with ADHD. Two hundred seven participants aged 14–45 years were randomised to 10-week add-on intervention of either BLT (10,000 lx; daily 30-min sessions) (n = 70), EI (aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities 3 days/ week) (n = 69), or treatment-as-usual (TAU) (n = 68), of whom 165 (80%) were retained (BLT: n = 54; EI: n = 52; TAU: n = 59). Intervention adherence (i.e. ≥ 80% completed sessions) was very low for both BLT (n = 13, 22%) and EI (n = 4, 7%). Usability of the m-health system to conduct interventions was limited as indicated by objective and subjective data. Safety was high and comparable between groups. Changes in depressive symptoms (assessed via observer-blind ratings, Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology) between baseline and end of intervention were small (BLT: −0.124 [95% CI: −2.219, 1.971], EI: −2.646 [95% CI: −4.777, −0.515], TAU: −1.428 [95% CI: −3.381, 0.526]) with no group differences [F(2,153) = 1.45, p = 0.2384]. These findings suggest that the m-health approach did not achieve feasibility of EI and BLT in young people with ADHD. Prior to designing efficacy studies, strategies how to achieve high intervention adherence should be specifically investigated in this patient group. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03371810, 13 December 2017.

Physical Activity with Sports Scientist (PASS) programme to promote physical activity among patients with non-communicable diseases: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial protocol

Physical activity (PA) effectively prevents and treats non-communicable diseases in clinical settings. PA promotion needs to be more consistent, especially in busy primary care. Sports scientists have the potential to...

A Mobile Health Resistance Training Intervention Using Outdoor Gym Equipment: Process Evaluation of the Ecofit Effectiveness Randomized Controlled Trial.

Few mobile health resistance-based physical activity interventions have targeted community-dwelling adults. "Ecofit" is a multicomponent intervention that promotes resistance and aerobic activities using smartphone technology, outdoor gyms, and social support. This study evaluated process evaluation outcomes of the ecofit randomized controlled trial: (1)the acceptability and usability of the ecofit smartphone app and app user workouts; (2)perceptions of factors influencing outdoor gym use; and (3)the fidelity, reach, recruitment, and dose received of the ecofit program. Process data were collected through program evaluation surveys at 3months, and app usage data were collected via the intervention platform for up to 3months. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The survey was completed by 57% (n = 69) of eligible participants. The majority (93%) believed the app provided them with sufficient information to perform muscle-strengthening activities. Approximately half (51%) agreed that the goal-setting function encouraged them to complete their workouts, and 42% agreed that the self-assessment helped them monitor progress. "Proximity" to outdoor gyms emerged as the most important factor for choosing locations to workout (mean = 5.5, SD = 1.1). Participants logged a median of 5.5 (interquartile range = 19) workouts and 1 (interquartile range = 1) upper- and lower-body muscular fitness self-assessment. The ecofit app provided participants with sufficient skills to perform unsupervised resistance training exercises using mobile health. Only half of the participants regarded self-assessments and goal setting as useful, suggesting a need for modifications to how these are implemented. Mobile health remains a promising delivery platform to promote unsupervised resistance training, although more research is needed to improve uptake.

Abstract 13: Associations Between Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Mortality by Sociodemographic Factors in a Nationally Representative Sample of 567,483 US Adults

Introduction: The 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report called for investigating whether the established health benefits of meeting physical activity guidelines (PAG) differ by sociodemographic factors. Guidelines for adults recommend engaging in muscle-strengthening activities (MSAs; ≥2 days per week) and moderate-to-vigorous aerobic physical activity (MVPA; ≥150 minutes per week at moderate intensity, ≥75 minutes per week at vigorous intensity, or an equivalent combination). Objective: To examine associations between meeting MVPA and MSA guidelines (combined PAG) in leisure time and all-cause and heart disease mortality across sociodemographic factors. Methods: We used nationally representative data on 567,483 adults from the 1998-2018 US National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and 2019 public-use linked mortality files from the National Death Index. Median follow-up was 9.5 years (range=1-21.8 years). We classified participants into categories (met combined PAG, met MVPA only, met MSA only, met neither) based on reported leisure-time physical activity. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between meeting the combined PAG vs. meeting neither guideline and all-cause and heart disease mortality, overall and stratified by sex (women, men), race and ethnicity (six groups), or education (four levels). Models were adjusted for sociodemographic and health factors. We conducted pairwise comparisons (adjusted for multiple comparisons) to determine if associations differed across sociodemographic factors. Results: Compared to meeting neither PAG, meeting the combined PAG was associated with a reduced mortality risk between 14-36% for all-cause mortality and 25-52% for heart disease mortality across sociodemographic groups. Reductions in mortality risk were larger for some groups compared with others. For example, reduction in all-cause mortality was larger for non-Hispanic White compared with Hispanic or Latino adults (HR=0.66 [95% CI: 0.64-0.69] vs. 0.86 [0.75-0.99]; pairwise p <0.001) and for people with more vs. less education (college or more=0.64 [0.60-0.69] vs. less than high school=0.75 [0.69-0.82]; p <0.001). Reduction in heart disease mortality was larger for women compared with men (0.54 [0.48-0.62] vs. 0.66 [0.60-0.73]; p <0.001). Conclusions: Meeting the guidelines for MVPA and MSA generally provides a substantial reduction in risk of all-cause and heart disease mortality. There may be differences in the magnitude of benefit physical activity provides for health across sociodemographic groups. The reasons for these differences are unclear. Identifying factors contributing to these differences would further address research gaps identified in the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report.

Moderating Effect of Muscular Strength in the Association between Cardiovascular Events and Depressive Symptoms in Middle-Aged and Older Adults-A Cross Sectional Study.

Depression and cardiovascular diseases are two main health conditions contributing to the global disease burden. Several studies indicate a reciprocal association between them. It is still unclear how changes in overall muscle strength may impact this association. This study aimed to analyse how muscular strength moderates the relationship between cardiovascular events and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults. Wave 8 of the population-based Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (2019/2020) cross-sectional data, which included 41,666 participants (17,986 men) with a mean age of 70.65 (9.1) years old, was examined. Grip strength was measured twice on each hand using a dynamometer. The 12-item EURO-D scale was employed to gauge depressive symptoms. Grip strength negatively moderates the link between cardiovascular events and depressive symptoms (male: B = -0.03, 95% CI = -0.04, -0.03; female: B = -0.06, 95% CI = -0.06, -0.05). Additionally, the grip strength moderation values in the significant zone for males and females were less than 63.2 kg and 48.3 kg, respectively. Muscular strength modifies depressive symptoms and lessens their correlation with cardiovascular diseases. Muscle-strengthening activities could be incorporated into primary and secondary preventive strategies to reduce the burden of depression in people with CVD.

Association of aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality among adults with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort of US adults

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship of moderate physical activity (MPA), vigorous physical activity (VPA), and muscle strengthening activity (MSA), independently and jointly, with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and non-CVD mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Material and methodsThis cohort study included 47,538 adults with T2D and 561,963 adults without T2D from the National Health Interview Survey 1997–2018 who provided data on self-reported physical activity (PA). Mortality data were obtained from the National Death Index through 2019. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). ResultsIn analyses mutually adjusted, versus no MPA adults with T2D, performing the recommendations of MPA (150–299 min/week) associated with lower all-cause mortality (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.66–0.78), CVD mortality (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.58–0.79), and non-CVD mortality (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.65–0.79). Similar benefits were observed in those meeting recommendations for VPA and MSA. Higher levels of PA beyond current recommendations may provide a few additional benefits without adverse effects on mortality risk, regardless of diabetes onset age, duration of diabetes, and medication status. The joint analysis indicates that combining MSA with aerobic PA could further lower mortality risk, and lowest all-cause mortality was observed among individuals engaging in either 75–150 min/week of VPA and 1 time/week of MSA (HR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.13–0.70) or 150–299 min/week of MPA and 1 time/week of MSA (HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.20–0.55). ConclusionOur study supports the current PA guidelines and suggests that there may be limited benefits gained from exercising beyond recommended levels in adults with T2D, combining recommended levels of aerobic and resistance exercises could yield the greatest benefits.

Descriptive epidemiology of muscle-strengthening activities in Japanese middle-aged and older adults: the Hisayama Study

IntroductionData on the prevalence of muscle-strengthening activities in Asia have been limited. Using data from a community-based cross-sectional survey of a general adult population in Japan, whose age and occupational...

Unveiling the relationship of physical literacy with muscular fitness and muscle-strengthening activities in adolescents: the EHDLA study

ObjectiveThis study evaluated the relationship between physical literacy (PL) and muscular fitness (MF) as well as muscle-strengthening activities (MSA) in adolescents.MethodsA secondary cross-sectional study included 823 adolescents (45.1% boys) from...

Grip strength buffers the harmful association between multimorbidity and depression among middle-aged and older adults

BackgroundGrip strength (GS) is associated to both multimorbidity and depression, however its possible moderating effect is unknown. This study aimed to investigate GS moderating effect on the association between multimorbidity and depression. MethodsData from SHARE wave 8 was used. Participant were 41457 middle-aged and older adults (17954 men) from 18 European countries. A regression analysis was conducted for the moderating effect of sex- and age-specific GS quartiles (W) on the association between number of chronic diseases (X1) or multimorbidity (X2) and depression symptoms (Y). ResultsMore chronic diseases were associated with greater depressive symptomatology (men: B = 0.39, 95 % CI: 0.35, 0.42; women: B = 0.42, 95 % CI: 0.39, 0.45). On the other hand, being in a higher GS quartile was associated with fewer depression symptoms, and this association was stronger the higher the quartile was. Having a higher GS represented a decrease in depression symptoms associated with multimorbidity for men (quartile 1: B = 0.85, 95 % CI = 0.74, 0.95 vs. quartile 4: B = 0.49, 95 % CI = 0.38, 0.61) and women (quartile 1: B = 1.08, 95 %CI = 0.97, 1.19 vs. quartile 4: B = 0.59, 95 %CI: 0.47, 0.70). ConclusionsStrategies aiming to reduce the impact of multimorbidity on mental health should promote muscle-strengthening physical activity among middle-aged and older adults.

Meeting the Aerobic and Muscle-Strengthening Physical Activity Guidelines Among Older US Adults, National Health Interview Survey 1998-2018.

The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, second edition, recommends older adults participate in ≥150minutes per week of moderate-intensity equivalent aerobic activity and ≥2days per week of muscle-strengthening activity. We estimated prevalence and trends of meeting the guidelines among US adults aged ≥65years from 1998 to 2018. Using the 1998-2018 National Health Interview Survey, we estimated the prevalence of meeting aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and combined physical activity guidelines stratified by age group, sex, race and ethnicity, and education level. Within age groups, we calculated prevalence differences by sociodemographic categories. Prevalence of meeting each guideline increased for all age groups and most sociodemographic subgroups. The increased magnitude of meeting the combined guideline from 1998-2000 to 2016-2018 differed across levels of educational attainment for most age groups. Despite increasing over time, the prevalence among older adults of meeting physical activity guidelines remains low (range for combined guideline: 7.2%-17.2%).

Meeting muscle-strengthening recommendation is associated with lower adiposity, higher physical fitness and healthier lifestyle in adolescents: The EHDLA study.

To determine the prevalence of adolescents who meet muscle-strengthening activities (MSA) recommendation and their associations with anthropometric variables, physical fitness, and lifestyle behaviours in a sample of Spanish adolescents aged 12-17 years. This was a cross-sectional study using data from The Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) Study. Participants reported the days on which they engaged in MSA (≥3 days per week were considered to meet World Health Organization recommendation). Physical fitness was assessed with the ALPHA fitness battery. Additionally, body mass index, waist circumference, skinfolds and body fat percentage were assessed. Lifestyle variables were recreational screen time, sleep time and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The associations between MSA and outcome variables were tested with linear and logistic regressions. Of the 852 participants, 48% met MSA recommendation. Meeting MSA recommendation was associated with lower adiposity and higher performance in the shuttle run test, maximal oxygen consumption, standing long jump, speed-agility, flexibility, lower screen time (in weekdays) and higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Engaging in MSA once or twice a week was linked with more desirable health outcomes than not engaging in such activities. However, meet with MSA recommendation (i.e., at least 3 days per week) reinforced these benefits.

The association between work-related activities and leisure-time physical activity among Latinos

ABSTRACT Objectives Latinos engage in high levels of occupational physical activity, yet low levels of leisure-time physical activity. Limited research has examined specific work-based activities that may contribute to leisure-time physical activity for meeting current physical activity recommendations among Latinos. The purpose of our study was to examine associations between frequency of work-related exertion and standing/walking with meeting the aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity guidelines among Latinos and whether associations varied by nativity. Design We used cross-sectional 2015 National Health Interview Survey data on Latinos ≥18 years of age (n = 3162). Logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between the frequency of work-related activities with meeting the aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity guidelines. Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, Latino subpopulation, shift work, and nativity. We also examined whether associations varied by nativity. Results In adjusted models, compared with those never engaging in exertion at work, participants always exerting themselves were significantly less likely to meet the aerobic activity guideline (Odds Ratio [OR]: 0.66, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.51–0.87). Compared with those never standing/walking at work, participants seldom standing/walking were also less likely to meet the aerobic activity guideline (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.95). Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, Latino subpopulation, shift work, and nativity. When stratified by nativity, the patterns in the strength of the associations were similar, while differences were observed in the associations of work-related activities with meeting guidelines. Conclusion Our findings suggest that engaging in higher frequency of exertion and standing/walking at work are associated with being less likely to meet the aerobic physical activity guideline during leisure time among Latinos, with variation observed in meeting guidelines by nativity. Insight into physical activities performed at work could inform efforts aimed at promoting recommended levels of physical activity among Latinos.

Obesity-Preventive Behaviors and Improvements in Depression among Diverse Utah Women Receiving Coaching from Community Health Workers

Abstract: Objectives. This study evaluated how high versus low-intensity community wellness coaching and health behaviors were associated with changes in depression screen results over one year. Methods. This was an analysis of secondary data collected in a 12-month obesity-related community health worker (CHW) program for 485 Utah women of color. Depression screen (Patient Health Questionnaire-2 score ³3) and self-reported fruit/vegetable consumption and physical activity (FV/PA) were recorded quarterly. Associations between FV/PA and changes in depression screen over time were evaluated in multivariable models. Results. Positive depression screen prevalence declined over 12 months (21.7% to 9.5%) with no difference between study arms. Overall, FV ³5 times/day (AOR=1.5; 95% CI 1.0–2.2), any PA (AOR=3.1; 95% CI 1.5–6.4), and muscle strengthening activities (AOR=1.13; 95% CI 1.01–1.26) were associated with improved depression screen results over time. Conclusion. These results indicate value in addressing and evaluating depression in obesity-related interventions in underserved communities.

Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the 24-hour movement behaviours, including muscle and bone strengthening activity, with bone and lean mass from childhood to adolescence

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess whether moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sport and exercise as a proxy measure of muscle and bone strengthening activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep were associated with total-body-less-head (TBLH) bone mineral content (BMC) and TBLH lean mass cross-sectionally and longitudinally from age 6 to 9 years and age 9 to 11 years to age 15 to 17 years.MethodsWe used longitudinal data from a population sample of Finnish children from the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children study (age 6 to 9 years: n = 478, 229 females; age 9 to 11 years: n = 384, 197 females; age 15 to 17 years: n = 222, 103 females). Linear regression analysed the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between accelerometer-assessed MVPA, sedentary time and sleep, and questionnaire-assessed sport and exercise participation and screen time with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-assessed TBLH BMC and lean mass.ResultsIn females, MVPA at age 6 to 9 years was positively associated with TBLH BMC at age 15 to 17 years (β = 0.008, p = 0.010). Sport and exercise at age 9 to 11 years was positively associated with TBLH BMC (β = 0.020, p = 0.002) and lean mass (β = 0.343, p = 0.040) at age 15 to 17 years. MVPA at age 9 to 11 years was positively associated with TBLH lean mass (β = 0.272, p = 0.004) at age 15 to 17 years. In males, sleep at age 6 to 9 years was positively associated with TBLH lean mass (β = 0.382, p = 0.003) at age 15 to 17 years. Sport and exercise at age 9 to 11 years was positively associated with TBLH BMC (β = 0.027, p = 0.012) and lean mass (β = 0.721, p < 0.001) at age 15 to 17 years.ConclusionsPromoting engagement in the 24-hour movement behaviours in childhood, particularly sport and exercise to strengthen muscle and bone, is important in supporting bone and lean mass development in adolescence.Trial registrationNCT01803776; first trial registration date: 04/03/2013.

Association Between Subjective Cognitive Decline and Twice-Weekly Muscle-Strengthening Activities in Middle-Aged and Older US Adults: An Analysis of the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), the self-reported concern of reduced cognitive function, are recommended to do physical activity for its brain health benefits. US adults aged ≥45 with SCD are less likely to meet the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) aerobic activity recommendations. Their engagement in muscle-strengthening activities is unknown. We aimed to identify if US adults aged ≥45 with SCD are less likely to do twice-weekly muscle-strengthening activities compared to those without SCD. Secondary analysis of the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data. 114164 respondents, representing approximately 59 million US adults aged ≥45. SCD was indicated if the respondent reported confusion or memory loss during the past 12months (yes/no). Respondents reported the frequency of muscle-strengthening activities, which we categorized as meeting the ACSM's recommendations (2+ times per week) or not (<2 times per week). Crude and adjusted logistic regression models controlling for variables associated with SCD and muscle-strengthening activities. The models used sample weights to represent US adults in the included 31 states and Washington D.C. US adults aged ≥45 with SCD were less likely to do twice-weekly muscle-strengthening activities than those without SCD (28.6% [SE: .8%] vs 33.5% [SE: .3%], adjusted OR, .9; 95% CI: .9-1.0). Primary care providers should encourage middle-aged and older patients to engage in muscle-strengthening and aerobic activities.

Association between different types of physical activity and occupational stress in Japanese workers: a cross-sectional study.

This cross-sectional study investigated the association between different types of physical activity (PA) and occupational psychological and physical stress responses among workers in Japan. Stress responses were assessed using the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire. Work-related PA (time spent sitting, sitting bouts, standing, walking, engaging in heavy labor, and moderate-to-vigorous PA [MVPA]) and exercise-based PA (frequencies [times/wk] of flexibility and muscle-strengthening activity, and walking) were measured using a questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was performed to examine the association between each type of PA and stress responses. Participants who engaged in >108 min/d of work-related MVPA exhibited a statistically significant association with higher psychological stress responses when compared to those who engaged in 0-42 min/d of work-related MVPA. For exercise-based PA, participants who engaged in flexibility activity or walking five or more times/wk, or muscle-strengthening activity one to three times/wk, demonstrated significantly lower psychological stress responses compared to those who did not exercise. Participants who engaged in flexibility activity five or more times/wok demonstrated significantly lower physical stress responses compared to those who did not exercise. This study suggests that work-related MVPA is associated with higher psychological stress responses, while exercise-based PA is associated with lower psychological or physical stress responses.