Decline In Muscle Strength Research Articles

Association of preoperative nutritional status with sarcopenia in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies assessed by GLIM criteria: a prospective cohort study.

The Global Leadership Initiative in Malnutrition (GLIM) consensus highlights the importance of using the GLIM criteria as a standardized approach to diagnosing malnutrition, particularly in patients with cachexia. Although many existing studies have utilized the GLIM criteria to assess the association between malnutrition and malignant tumor patients, there remains relatively little research exploring the specific relationship between malnutrition and sarcopenia. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between malnutrition under the GLIM criteria and preoperative sarcopenia in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies. By looking into the relationship, we hope to find better ways to prevent and treat sarcopenia in these patients, which will lead to better clinical outcomes. In this study, we selected 210 patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumors from Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital between June 2022 to July 2023. We diagnosed and graded the nutritional status of these patients using the GLIM criteria. At the same time, body composition analysis, calf circumference, and grip strength were detected in all patients to observe whether they had sarcopenia. According to GLIM criteria, 30.1% of the patients were diagnosed with malnutrition, of which 25.1% were classified as moderate malnutrition and 15% as severe malnutrition. The risk of sarcopenia in patients with severe malnutrition was 2.5 times that of patients with good nutrition, and 1.19 times that of patients with moderate malnutrition. Patients with BMI <18.5 kg/m2 were 9.12 times more likely to develop sarcopenia than those with BMI≥18.5 kg/m2. Due to inadequate nutrient intake and resultant malnutrition in patients with malignant tumors, muscle protein synthesis is affected, exacerbating muscle protein breakdown and leading to an overall decline in muscle strength and function. This study highlights the urgent need for nutritional screening in early gastrointestinal tumor patients, revealing a strong link between sarcopenia and malnutrition. Higher malnutrition levels, low BMI, and high nutritional risk significantly predict sarcopenia, with risk increasing alongside worsening malnutrition and disease stage.

Orofacial Muscle Strength and Associated Potential Factors in Healthy Korean Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study

Most previous studies on orofacial muscle strength have focused on older adults with conditions associated with sensorimotor deficits, such as stroke. However, the modifiable oral health factors that directly impact orofacial muscle strength and swallowing ability in healthy older adults remain unexplored. This pilot study explored the potential factors associated with orofacial muscle strength, particularly oral health conditions, in 70 healthy adults aged ≥65 years living independently without any diseases that cause dysphagia or sensorimotor deficits. The Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) was used to assess orofacial muscle strength (tongue elevation, and cheek and lip compression). Statistical analyses were conducted using an independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multivariate linear regression. In the final regression models after adjustment, older age and fewer remaining teeth were significantly associated with reduced tongue and cheek strengths (p &lt; 0.05). Socio-demographic factors, such as age, and oral health conditions, such as discomfort in pronunciation or mastication due to oral problems, poor self-rated oral health, and reduced salivary flow, were associated with tongue, cheek, and lip muscle strengths (p &lt; 0.05). Early active oral health interventions can help prevent a decline in orofacial muscle strength in healthy older adults.

Quantifying the recovery process of skeletal muscle on hematoxylin and eosin stained images via learning from label proportion

Visual observing muscle tissue regeneration is used to measure experimental effect size in biological research to discover the mechanism of muscle strength decline due to illness or aging. Quantitative computer imaging analysis for support evaluating the recovery phase has not been established because of the localized nature of recovery and the difficulty in selecting image features for cells in regeneration. We constructed MyoRegenTrack for segmenting cells and classifying their regeneration phase in hematoxylin–eosin (HE) stained images. A straightforward approach to classification is supervised learning. However, obtaining detailed annotations for each fiber in a whole slide image is impractical in terms of cost and accuracy. Thus, we propose to learn individual recovery phase classification utilizing the proportions of cell class depending on the days after muscle injection to induce regeneration. We extract implicit multidimensional features from the HE-stained tissue images and train a classifier using weakly supervised learning, guided by their class proportion for elapsed time on recovery. We confirmed the effectiveness of MyoRegenTrack by comparing its results with expert annotations. A comparative study of the recovery relation between two different muscle injections shows that the analysis result using MyoRegenTrack is consistent with findings from previous studies.

HyProCure for Flatfoot Deformity: A Clinical Characteristics Analysis in China.

Flatfoot is a common foot disorder involving progressive foot deformity of the three-dimensional structures of the forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot. Currently, Chinese surgeons and patients favor subtalar arthroereisis (SA) due to its minimally invasive and low-damage characteristics. HyProCure device is widely used. However, there is limited analysis of large sample sizes. This study utilized statistical evaluation with a large sample size to analyze clinical characteristics trends of SA for flatfoot, including baseline indicators, selection of HyProCure size and surgical strategy, complications, and implant removal. This study will enhance the understanding of SA in China. A retrospective analysis of 732 patients (1008 ft) who underwent SA from June 2015 to June 2023, with 509 pediatric and adolescent patients (772 ft) and 223 adult patients (236 ft). Based on the patient's age, patients aged ≤ 18 were included in the children and adolescent group, while adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) patients aged > 18 were included in the adult group. General data was collected, including patient sex, age, side, body mass index (BMI), surgery date, HyproCure size, and surgical data, and trends were analyzed. Postoperative complications and HyProCure removal were collected as outcome measures during follow-up. The age of patients treated with SA was gradually getting younger, with male patients predominating, mainly concentrated in the 11-14 age group. HyProCure 7 has the highest usage rate. In the children and adolescent group, 288 ft (37.31%) only underwent SA. In the adult group, 18 ft (7.63%) only underwent SA. Complications include sinus tarsi pain, peroneal spasms, achilles tendon tension, and muscle strength decline. The complication rate in the children and adolescent group was 5.05%, while in the adult group it was 28.81%. Overall, it was 10.62%. The removal rate of HyProCure in the children and adolescent group is 1.04%, in the adult group is 15.25%, and overall is 4.37%. The trend in flatfoot treated with SA was towards children and adolescent male patients, and sinus tarsi pain was the most common complication after SA. The complication rate and removal rate in the children and adolescent group were lower than those in the adult group. HyProCure can be removed without additional adverse effects.

A Novel Low-Impact Resistance Exercise Program Increases Strength and Balance in Females Irrespective of Menopause Status.

The reduction in sex hormone production across the menopause transition is thought to accelerate age-related decline in muscle mass, strength, and stability, increasing the risk of falls and fractures. We aimed to investigate whether a novel low-impact resistance exercise program could improve strength, balance, and body composition and whether any improvement was affected by menopause status. Seventy healthy, moderately active pre- (PRE; 46.7 ± (SD) 3.2 years), peri- (PERI; 52.3 ± 2.2 years) or post- (POST; 57.0 ± 2.5 years) menopausal females, not taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT), were randomised to continue habitual physical activity (CON; n = 25) or complete a supervised resistance exercise program 4 days/week for 12 weeks (EXC; n = 45). Strength at the hip and shoulder (isokinetic dynamometer), dynamic balance (Y-balance), flexibility (sit-and-reach & back-scratch), muscle thickness (rectus femoris, vastus intermedius (VI) and medial deltoid), and lean and %body fat (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were measured before and after training. Results: Hip abduction and flexion peak torque (19 ± 48 and 20 ± 17%, respectively, P < 0.05), posterolateral and posteromedial balance (12 ± 15 and 13 ± 15%, respectively, P < 0.001), flexibility (21 ± 36%, P < 0.001), VI thickness (12 ± 19%, P = 0.032), lean mass (2 ± 2%, P = 0.007), all increased over 12 weeks in EXC, but not CON, with no difference in response between PRE, PERI or POST. The changes in shoulder strength and body mass over 12 weeks were not different between CON and EXC. This is the first study to demonstrate that the decline in sex hormones, and increase in age, across the menopause transition does not affect the ability of lower limb (hip) strength and balance to adapt to a low-impact resistance exercise training program in females not taking HRT.

Rare posterior mediastinal hemangiomas invading the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramen and causing acute symptoms: illustrative case.

Hemangioma is a rare vascular tumor characterized by endothelial cell proliferation that primarily occurs in soft tissues. While most cases in the paraspinal posterior mediastinum are clinically indolent, they can also exhibit aggressive growth, leading to severe clinical outcomes and necessitating urgent treatment. A 61-year-old right-handed female presented with reduced lower-extremity mobility that had begun 4 days earlier. An examination revealed that both lower limbs had grade 4 muscle strength. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a right T1-3 paravertebral dumbbell-shaped soft tissue mass invading the spinal canal, destroying the T2 vertebra, and compressing the spinal cord and nerve roots. Elective surgery was planned, but a rapid muscle strength decline prompted emergency surgery. Postoperative muscle strength improved to grade 4, and at the 3-month follow-up, muscle strength had fully recovered. Postoperative pathological examination revealed that the mediastinal dumbbell-shaped lesion was a hemangioma. While most hemangiomas progress slowly, acute symptoms of spinal cord compression are exceedingly rare. This case demonstrates the aggressive behavior of hemangioma, which invaded through the intervertebral foramen and compressed the spinal cord, resulting in acute symptoms. This case also shows that surgical removal of the tumor and restoration of spine stability via a posterior approach has proven beneficial. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24485.

A pilot trial for efficacy confirmation of 6′-sialyllactose supplementation in GNE myopathy: Randomized, placebo-controlled trial

GNE myopathy is a rare genetic muscle disorder characterized by initial ankle dorsiflexor weakness and the presence of rimmed vacuoles in muscle histopathology. Biallelic mutations in the GNE gene are causative, leading to reduced production of sialic acid. In our previous clinical trial, we used 6′-sialyllactose (6SL) as a supplement to increase sialic acid levels and compared the effects of 6SL at doses of 3 g and 6 g. The findings from the trial revealed superior outcomes in muscle strength, attenuation of muscle degeneration, and bioavailability in the 6 g group.This trial was planned to complement the lack of placebo arm from the previous trial and to provide more conclusive evidence for therapeutic value of 6SL in GNE myopathy. Of the 11 participants, five were allocated to the 6SL and six to the placebo group after undergoing 12 weeks of pre-study observation and stratified randomization. At every visit with an interval of 12 weeks for 48 weeks, all participants underwent muscle strength measurement, muscle MRI, biochemical evaluations, 6-min-walk test, and completed a questionnaire.No safety concerns arose during the trial period. Muscle strength, excluding hand grip power, did not show a significant difference between the two groups, which is attributed to the lack of pronounced muscle strength decline in both groups. Hand grip power tended to decrease in both groups, and this decline was statistically significant in the placebo group (p = 0.0004). The fat fraction measured by MRI showed the most significant results in the posterior thigh. The increase in fat fraction, indicating muscle degeneration, was statistically significant between the two groups (p = 0.0004). Although no statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in anterior thigh and both anterior and posterior lower leg, a trend of slowed increase in fat fraction was noted in the 6SL group compared to the placebo group starting from 24 or 36 weeks. Resialylation of cell surface glycoconjugate was demonstrated in 6SL group by measuring lectin bindings on peripheral blood monocytes.The GNEM-FAS, used to assess patient-reported outcomes, did not show statistical significance in the total score or any of the three domains. However, the tendency for scores in the self-care and upper extremity domains to rebound after 24 weeks in the 6SL group suggests the potential for long-term benefits.The effect of 6SL on muscle strength appeared to be minimal compared to our previous clinical trial, likely due to the short duration of the study and the inclusion of relatively early-stage patients. However, the changes in fat fraction measured by muscle MRI and the results of biochemical assays are more promising, suggesting potential benefits with long-term administration in the future.

Heat exposure promotes sarcopenia via gut microbiota-derived metabolites.

The unprecedented rise in global ambient temperatures in the last decade has significantly impacted human health, yet how heat exposure affects the development of sarcopenia remains enigmatic. Here, we demonstrate that chronic heat exposure induces skeletal muscle volume loss, leading to muscle strength and functional decline in mice. The microbiota composition of heat-exposed mice was analyzed using 16S ribosomal DNA analysis. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to explore the effects of heat exposure on the blood metabolome and to further analyze the correlation between blood metabolism and gut microbiota. Transplantation of microbiota from heat-exposed mice to germ-free mice was sufficient to increase adverse effects on skeletal muscle function in the host. Mechanistically, using an untargeted metabolomics strategy, we reveal that altered gut microbiota due to high temperatures is associated with elevated serum levels of homocitrulline. Homocitrulline causes mitochondrial dysfunction in myocytes by exacerbating ferroptosis levels. And Nrf2 activator (Oltipraz) supplementation alleviates muscle atrophy and dysfunction induced by heat exposure. Our findings reveal the detrimental effects of heat exposure on muscle function and provide new strategies for treating sarcopenia.

The Theoretical and Practical Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia

Sarcopenia, as an age-related skeletal muscle mass and strength decline in the elderly syndrome, seriously affects the quality of life of patients. In recent years, with the aggravation of aging in China, the incidence of sarcopenia is gradually increasing. The research on sarcopenia in traditional Chinese medicine is also deepening, and relatively rich experience and results have been achieved. This paper summarizes and expounds the theoretical research and intervention methods of traditional Chinese medicine for sarcopenia by combing the relevant literature. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the current status of its theoretical research and to look forward to the future development trend, so that the etiology and mechanism of sarcopenia in TCM can be further explored and the treatment plan can be optimized, and more possibilities for the treatment of sarcopenia in TCM can be provided in the future research.

Lower limbs kinematic analysis during a jump landing task in soccer players with unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

BackgroundFatigue leads to an acute decline in muscle strength, altered patterns of lower extremity muscle activation, changes in hip and knee kinematics. In terms of the effects of fatigue on knee joint kinematics during plyometric training, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding kinematic differences between athletes who passed the ACL reconstructions rehabilitation period and healthy athletes. Therefore, this study aimed to compare lower limb joint kinematic parameters between reconstructed cruciate ligament and healthy control soccer players during jump landing in a fatigued setting.MethodsLower limb kinematic parameters were recorded in 20 professional soccer players (age, 24.95 ± 2.92 years; body mass, 77.20 ± 12.88 kg; height, 1.77 ± 3.19 m) during jump landing task before and after the fatigue protocol. The control group consisted of healthy subjects and the experimental group consisted of subjects with ACL reconstruction by thigh transplantation. Kinematic data was recorded with 4 cameras to measure lower limb angles at first foot contact and maximum range of motion.ResultsThe results showed that before fatigue, there was only a significant difference between the two groups in the maximum range of motion of the non-involved hip joint (P = 0.022) and angle of the involved hip at first contact (P = 0.049). In other data on joint range of motion or initial contact angle, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P > 0.05). After fatigue protocol, there was a significant difference in initial foot contact in non-involved (P = 0.030), and involved (P = 0.020) hip joint angles between the two groups. However, no significant difference in initial contact angle or range of motion of other joints was observed between the groups.ConclusionsThis study shows that plyometric fatigue does not contribute to numerous changes in contact angles and range of motion in lower extremity joints in healthy soccer players and those with a history of cruciate ligament repairs.

Leucine Intake and Sarcopenia Indicators of an Elderly Group from the Metropolitan Region, Santiago de Chile, Who Participated in the Program for Complementary Food in Older People (PACAM).

The global aging population has led to increased noncommunicable diseases, often linked to poor diet and declining muscle strength and mass. This study assessed leucine intake and sarcopenia indicators among 181 adults aged 60-80 in Santiago, Chile, participating in the Program for Complementary Food in Older People (PACAM), with 80% being women. Sarcopenia was evaluated through muscle strength and mass using the EWGSOP2 criteria for its identification. 78.45% of participants did not meet the recommended leucine intake of 3 g per day and sarcopenia was identified in 17.13% of them. The skeletal muscle index was 48.07%, and hand grip strength was 26.52%, with men showing significantly higher grip strength (48.60% vs. 28.80%, p = 0.00). Inadequate leucine intake was more common in those aged 60-75 (85.9%) than those over 75 (p = 0.03). No significant differences in BMI, grip strength, or muscle mass were found between those with adequate and inadequate leucine intake, and PACAM food consumption did not significantly affect these parameters. A sub-analysis showed significant differences in grip strength among powdered dairy drink consumers (35.20% vs. 17.80%, p = 0.01). Chilean elderly participating in PACAM present a high prevalence of sarcopenia and leucine deficiency among with no notable benefits from PACAM foods intake. Despite the limitations of the local body composition assessment method, this research addresses a critical public health issue in Chile. Future studies should evaluate physical performance and focus on leucine supplementation to clarify its effects on sarcopenia.

Sex Differences in Fat Distribution and Muscle Fat Infiltration in the Lower Extremity: A Retrospective Diverse-Ethnicity 7T MRI Study in a Research Institute Setting in the USA.

Background: Fat infiltration in skeletal muscle is related to declining muscle strength, whereas excess subcutaneous fat is implicated in the development of metabolic diseases. Methods: Using multi-slice axial T2-weighted (T2w) MR images, this retrospective study characterized muscle fat infiltration (MFI) and fat distribution in the lower extremity of 107 subjects (64M/43F, age 11-79 years) with diverse ethnicities (including White, Black, Latino, and Asian subjects). Results: MRI data analysis shows that MFI, evaluated by the relative intensities of the pixel histogram profile in the calf muscle, tends to increase with both age and BMI. However, statistical significance was found only for the age correlation in women (p < 0.002), and the BMI correlation in men (p = 0.04). Sex disparities were also seen in the fat distribution, which was assessed according to subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) and the fibula bone marrow cross-sectional area (BMA). SFT tends to decrease with age in men (p < 0.01), whereas SFT tends to increase with BMI only in women (p < 0.01). In contrast, BMA tends to increase with age in women (p < 0.01) and with BMI in men (p = 0.04). Additionally, MFI is positively correlated with BMA but not with SFT, suggesting that compromised bone structure may contribute to fat infiltration in the surrounding skeletal muscle. Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight a sex factor affecting MFI and fat distribution, which may offer valuable insights into effective strategies to prevent and treat MFI in women versus men.

Role of Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Skeletal Muscle Changes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract Background Diabetes is a global public health problem, with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounting for more than 90% of the diabetic population and it has been consistently reported as one of the strongest correlates of mobility limitation, especially in older people, and a potential risk factor for future mobility disability and loss of independence. Long-term complications and diabetes-related comorbidities only partially explain the excess risk of disability associated with diabetes. Changes in body composition, in particular progressive loss of muscle mass and increase in fat mass, with decline in muscle strength and quality have been proposed as additional potential mediators of the association between diabetes and disability. Aim of the Work to investigate the differences in Skeletal muscle ultrasound features in people with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients and Methods This was a Case control study conducted at the Ultrasound Radiology Unit, Radiology Department, Ain Shams University Hospitals from July, 2023 to January 2024. The study was performed on simple random sample consists of 36 T2DM patients on regular follow up in the endocrinology clinics in Ain Shams University Hospitals. And 36 Healthy controls came for routine checkup in Ain Shams University Hospitals clinics and meeting the study inclusion criteria. A signed informed consent was obtained from all patients and controls prior to inclusion in the study after explaining the procedure details. The approval of research ethical committee of faculty of Medicine - Ain Shams University was obtained before starting the study. The privacy of participants and confidentiality of data was guaranteed during the various phases of the study. Results we measured three ultrasonic parameters. MT, FL and PA. The FL and PA are measured in both relaxed and contracted states. the DPN group had the lowest MT, FL at both rest and contracted states and PA at contracted state as well as the lowest ΔFL and ΔPA. The control group had the highest MT, FL at both rest and contracted states and PA at contracted state as well as the highest ΔFL and ΔPA. The non-DPN group had intermediate values for the same variables. The differences among the groups were statistically significant for all the variables except for the pennation angle at rest. It showed that the ΔFL of the DPN group was significantly lower than that of the non-DPN group (p &amp;lt; 0.001), which was similar to a previous conclusion that the gastrocnemius fascicles undergo the smallest length changes in a DPN group. Conclusion The combination of MT,ΔFL and ΔPA of the MG showed high-diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity &amp;gt;80%; specificity &amp;gt;95%) for predicting DPN, which could be used for rapid screening in the future. Early muscle ultrasound screening should be timely carried out in patients with T2DM, especially those with a long disease course and poor long-term blood glucose levels, and there is no difference between men and women.

Nutritional strategies for improving sarcopenia outcomes in older adults: A narrative review.

Sarcopenia is characterized by a decline in muscle strength, generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass, and impaired physical performance, which are common outcomes used to screen, diagnose, and determine severity of sarcopenia in older adults. These outcomes are associated with poor quality of life, increased risk of falls, hospitalization, and mortality in this population. The development of sarcopenia is underpinned by aging, but other factors can lead to sarcopenia, such as chronic diseases, physical inactivity, inadequate dietary energy intake, and reduced protein intake (nutrition-related sarcopenia), leading to an imbalance between muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein breakdown. Protein digestion and absorption are also modified with age, as well as the reduced capacity of metabolizing protein, hindering older adults from achieving ideal protein consumption (i.e., 1-1.5 g/kg/day). Nutritional supplement strategies, like animal (i.e., whey protein) and plant-based protein, leucine, and creatine have been shown to play a significant role in improving outcomes related to sarcopenia. However, the impact of other supplements (e.g., branched-chain amino acids, isolated amino acids, and omega-3) on sarcopenia and related outcomes remain unclear. This narrative review will discuss the evidence of the impact of these nutritional strategies on sarcopenia outcomes in older adults.

When Do We Start Observing A Decline In Muscle Strength And Mass As We Age?

When Do We Start Observing A Decline In Muscle Strength And Mass As We Age?

A single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, two-arm study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of once-weekly sirolimus (rapamycin) on muscle strength and endurance in older adults following a 13-week exercise program

BackgroundAging leads to a decline in muscle mass and strength, contributing to frailty and decreased quality of life. Sirolimus (rapamycin) , an mTOR inhibitor, has shown potential in preclinical studies to extend lifespan and improve health span. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of once-weekly sirolimus (rapamycin) administration on muscle strength and endurance in older adults engaged in a 13-week exercise program.MethodsThis randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial will enroll 40 participants aged 65–85. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either sirolimus (rapamycin) 6 mg/week or placebo for 13 weeks, in conjunction with an at-home exercise program. The primary outcome measure is the change in muscle strength and endurance, assessed by the 30-Second Chair-Stand Test. Secondary outcome measures include adverse events, changes in muscle strength and endurance as measured by the 6-min walk test, handgrip strength, and participant-reported outcomes using the SF-36 survey. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, mid-intervention (week 6), and post-intervention (week 13). Blood samples will be collected for hematology and biochemistry analyses, including full blood count, urea and electrolytes, liver function tests, HbA1c, lipids, serum IGF-1, and hs-CRP. DNA methylation will be analyzed using TruDiagnostic™ to explore changes in biological age.DiscussionThis study aims to provide insights into the potential benefits of intermittent sirolimus (rapamycin) administration on muscle performance in older adults. By alternating periods of mTOR inhibition through rapamycin and activation via exercise, this study will explore a novel approach to enhancing muscle strength and endurance in the aging population. The results could have significant implications for developing interventions to improve physical function and overall health outcomes in older adults. Safety and tolerability will also be closely monitored to ensure the feasibility of this regimen for wider application.Trial registrationAustralia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12624000790549. Registered on 26 June 2024 https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12624000790549.

Correlation Between Intrinsic Capacity and Muscle Strength and Quality in Older Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become the leading cause of death worldwide. High muscle mass can reduce the incidence and mortality of CVD. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the relationship between intrinsic capacity (IC) and CVD. This study aims to explore the relationship between the decline of IC, muscle strength, and muscle quality in older patients with CVD, providing a new method and basis for early recognition of IC decline in the older adults. This cross-sectional study included 475 older individuals from communities in Zhejiang. General data were collected, and a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) was conducted. Participants with CVD were divided into three groups: IC retention, IC impairment, and IC significantly impaired. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measurements were completed. Student's t-test or non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney) were used to analyze the correlation between IC and muscle-related indicators. The best cutoff values were obtained using ROC curve analysis. Compared to non-CVD patients, CVD patients were older, more educated, and had higher rates of polypharmacy and comorbidity. IC decreased more significantly in CVD patients. Age (P=0.001), Fried (P=0.024), and GDS-5 (P=0.002) increased with the severity of IC decline. ADL (P=0.002), MMSE (P=0.000), MNA-SF (P=0.000), SARC-Calf (P=0.026), waist circumference (P=0.037), and muscle quality (P=0.010) decreased with the decline in IC. When IC decreased, the cutoff values for hand grip strength, waist circumference, and muscle quality were 25.45 kg, 72.55 cm, and 3.05, respectively. When IC decreased significantly, the cutoff values were 17.15 kg, 71.55 cm, and 2.28, respectively. The results of this study showed that in patients with CVD, the hand grip strength and muscle quality of patients with IC injury were lower than those of patients with IC retention.

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and risk of muscle strength decline and sarcopenia in older adults

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and risk of muscle strength decline and sarcopenia in older adults

Sarcopenia and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Narrative Review

The primary objective of modern medicine is to extend human life expectancy. Currently, the majority of hospital patients across various clinical settings are elderly or advanced-age individuals, often with multiple comorbidities and age-related alterations in peripheral tissues. One such alteration is sarcopenia, a progressive decline in muscle mass, strength, and function, which significantly increases the risk of disability and mortality in older adults. Sarcopenia is associated with numerous adverse outcomes, and its underlying mechanisms are the subject of ongoing research. This narrative review discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia. It also examines the connections between sarcopenia and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), highlighting potential treatment approaches for the coexistence of these two pathologies.

Assessment of Age-Related Differences in Lower Leg Muscles Quality Using Radiomic Features of Magnetic Resonance Images.

Sarcopenia, characterised by a decline in muscle mass and strength, affects the health of the elderly, leading to increased falls, hospitalisation, and mortality rates. Muscle quality, reflecting microscopic and macroscopic muscle changes, is a critical determinant of physical function. To utilise radiomic features extracted from magnetic resonance (MR) images to assess age-related changes in muscle quality, a dataset of 24 adults, divided into older (male/female: 6/6, 66-79years) and younger (male/female: 6/6, 21-31years) groups, was used to investigate the radiomics features of the dorsiflexor and plantar flexor muscles of the lower leg that are critical for mobility. MR images were processed using MaZda software for feature extraction. Dimensionality reduction was performed using principal component analysis and recursive feature elimination, followed by classification using machine learning models, such as support vector machine, extreme gradient boosting, and naïve Bayes. A leave-one-out validation test was used to train and test the classifiers, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the classification performance. The analysis revealed that significant differences in radiomic feature distributions were found between age groups, with older adults showing higher complexity and variability in muscle texture. The plantar flexors showed similar or higher AUC than the dorsiflexors in all models. When the dorsiflexor muscles were combined with the plantar flexor muscles, they tended to have a higher AUC than when they were used alone. Radiomic features in lower-leg MR images reflect ageing, especially in the plantar flexor muscles. Radiomic analysis can offer a deeper understanding of age-related muscle quality than traditional muscle mass assessments.