Muscle Recovery Rate Research Articles

Обзор литературы: фармакологические эффекты витамина D в организме для повышения спортивных результатов

Studies (domestic and foreign) on the effect of vitamin D on muscle strength, muscle recovery rate, maximum oxygen consumption and prevention of skeletal muscle injury reduction have been analyzed. At the same time it was found that athletes are susceptible to hypovitaminosis no less often than standard population groups due to higher physical loads. It is unequivocally possible to say that vitamin D supplementation improves the physical fitness of athletes and can correct their condition in the autumn-spring period. Objective: an analysis of literature data based on the significance of the pharmacological effects of vitamin D in the functioning of the musculoskeletal system of the body and its role of improving athletic performance. Material and methods. The Pubmed/MEDLINE digital scientific library was chosen as the main source of information. Additionally, the search included the repositories of open access preprints from eLIBRARY.RU for 2016-2022. Key words for the search query were "vitamin D," "calcitriol," "sports," and "athletes." The results of the study are reported taking into account PRISMA recommendations. Results. Duration and quality of insolation directly affect vitamin D levels. Additional sun exposure combined with the use of vitamin D preparations contributes to the elimination of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to decreased intranuclear VDR concentrations and decreased VDR gene expression, which contributes to myopathy following atrophy of type IIA muscle fibers. Additional enrichment of special electrolyte solutions with water-soluble vitamin D is reasonable. Conclusion. Continuous monitoring of the concentration of 25(OH)D in the blood serum of athletes is an integral part in the development of recommendations for improving health and sports performance in training and competitive regimes. Individual correction of vitamin D should be carried out in accordance with changes in its level in each athlete.

Effect of Tempe Drinks on Muscle Recovery (Malondialdehyde) and Sub-Maximum Activity on Sparta DK Percut Sei Tuan Football Players in Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province

The purpose of this study was to see: The effect of submaximal physical activity to increase MDA levels in the blood of soccer players given submaximal physical activity. The effect of giving tempe drinks for 2 weeks on changes in MDA (malondialdehyde) levels after getting submaximal physical activity in the sample. Providing tempe drinks with MDA levels in the players' blood, the sample consists of 15 players who get high sub-maximum physical activity (pulse) and 15 players who get sub-maximum physical activity (pulses). The instruments used to collect data are: physical activity running 2400 meter pulse measurement and MDA test (malondealdehyde). There was a significant effect on muscle recovery that was given tempe drinks, namely offering tempe drinks. The MDA (malondialdehyde) muscle recovery rate was very fast compared to samples that were not given tempe drinks (the average value of the players who were given tempe drinks was around F = 42). It can be seen from the MDA blood while without offering the tempe drink F = 47. The data will show that muscle recovery is faster if you are given tempe drinks defeatingly because in the tempe content there is a lot of protein so that muscle recovery is faster.

Эффективность α-липоевой кислоты в компенсации расстройств сократительной функции скелетной мышцы, вызванных длительным введением дексаметазона, в модельных экспериментах на животных

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of a-lipoic acid (a-LA) in correcting disorders of the contractile function of a mixed type skeletal muscle (m. tibial anterior) induced by chronic dexamethasone (DM) treatment in an animal model.Methods. Experiments were performed on sexually mature female rats (190-200 g) divided into four groups: control (intact rats, C group, n=10), experimental group 1 (30-day dexamethasone treatment, DM group, n=10), experimental group 2 (30-day dexamethasone plus a-lipoic acid treatment, DM+a-LA group, n=10), and experimental group 3 (30-day a-lipoic acid treatment, a-LA group, n=10). Dexamethasone (KRKA, Slovenia) was administered every two days, i.p., at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg, which was equivalent to the clinical therapeutic dose. a-Lipoic acid (Berlition-600, BERLIN-CHEMIE, Germany) was administered daily at a dose of 35 mg/kg, s.c. Stimulation electromyography and myography were performed in an acute experiment, under sodium thiopental (100 mg/kg) anesthesia, on day 30. Electrophysiological and contractile parameters of the anterior tibial muscle were recorded during stimulation with suprathreshold electrical current via the fibular nerve.Results. a-LA in combination with DM prevented decreases in the number of activated muscular motor units (MMU) and muscle mass, the degree of the muscle post-tetanic potentiation, and disorders of contractile and temporal parameters of single and tetanic contractions, which were typical for animals of the DM group. The a-LA plus DM treatment even significantly increased the relaxation rate of a single contraction (by 34%) and the rate of tetanic contraction development (by 80%) compared to the control group (p<0.05), which were also typical for the a-LA group. These facts indirectly evidence the absence of pronounced dystrophic changes in muscle fibers in animals of the DM+a-LA group. At the same time, although the shortened period of maximum muscle work capacity, which was typical for the DM group, was not observed in the DM+a-LA group, this period was no longer than in the control either, as distinct from the a-LA group. This fact suggests the absence of positive effects of a-LA on the muscle work capacity when a-LA is administered in combination with DM. The a-LA+DM treatment reversed the increased fatigue and the reduced ability to recover of the muscle after fatigable work (FW) observed in the DM group. Moreover, the a-LA+DM treatment even increased the rate of muscle recovery after FW, which was also characteristic for the a-LA group. This was confirmed by the absence of decreased rates of muscle shortening after FW, which was typical for the DM group, and by the absence of significant decreases in the single contraction amplitude and the number of activated MMU after FW, which was typical not only for the DM group, but also for the control.Conclusion. The changes in muscle functional parameters in the DM and DM+a-LA groups evidence pronounced contractile disorders and impaired ability of the muscle to recover after FW in the DM group. In the DM+a-LA group, the muscle contractile function was not significantly impaired. Moreover, the muscle ability to recover after FW was not reduced in the DM+a-LA-group. In this group, the ability to recover was even increased compared to the control, which was also characteristic for the a-LA-group. These facts allow considering a-LA as a possible therapy for correction of steroid myopathy.

Influence of obesity on remodeling of lung tissue and organization of extracellular matrix after blunt thorax trauma

BackgroundPreviously, it has been shown that obesity is a risk factor for recovery, regeneration, and tissue repair after blunt trauma and can affect the rate of muscle recovery and collagen deposition after trauma. To date, lung tissue regeneration and extracellular matrix regulation in obese mice after injury has not been investigated in detail yet.MethodsThis study uses an established blunt thorax trauma model to analyze morphological changes and alterations on gene and protein level in lean or obese (diet-induced obesity for 16 ± 1 week) male C57BL/6 J mice at various time-points after trauma induction (1 h, 6 h, 24 h, 72 h and 192 h).ResultsMorphological analysis after injury showed lung parenchyma damage at early time-points in both lean and obese mice. At later time-points a better regenerative capacity of lean mice was observed, since obese animals still exhibited alveoli collapse, wall thickness as well as remaining filled alveoli structures. Although lean mice showed significantly increased collagen and fibronectin gene levels, analysis of collagen deposition showed no difference based on colorimetric quantification of collagen and visual assessment of Sirius red staining. When investigating the organization of the ECM on gene level, a decreased response of obese mice after trauma regarding extracellular matrix composition and organization was detectable. Differences in the lung tissue between the diets regarding early responding MMPs (MMP8/9) and late responding MMPs (MMP2) could be observed on gene and protein level. Obese mice show differences in regulation of extracellular matrix components compared to normal weight mice, which results in a decreased total MMP activity in obese animals during the whole regeneration phase. Starting at 6 h post traumatic injury, lean mice show a 50% increase in total MMP activity compared to control animals, while MMP activity in obese mice drops to 50%.ConclusionsIn conclusion, abnormal regulation of the levels of extracellular matrix genes in the lung may contribute to an aberrant regeneration after trauma induction with a delay of repair and pathological changes of the lung tissue in obese mice.

Investigating the effect of fatigue on muscle microvasculature blood flow during intermittent isometric contraction.

Localized muscle fatigue (LMF) decreases muscular strength, while affects the performance and potentially increases the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). An important mechanism in recovering from muscle fatigue is blood flow (BF). The BF response to muscle contraction and fatigue is highly dynamic and difficult to predict, as it depends on both metabolic demand and intramuscular pressure. The aim of this study was to measure both fatigue and BF during intermittent exertion of the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle, in order to better characterize the relationship between BF and LMF during muscle contraction and rest. This study utilized Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy (DCS) for BF measurement within the microvasculature of the FDI muscle. Exertion levels (EL) for intermittent fatiguing contraction were set to 20%, 30%, and 40% of an individual's maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Our results showed that as an individual fatigued, relative BF rates increased, on average, by ~66% during exertion periods and ~330% during rest periods. Differences between exerting and resting BF increased over time for every EL (p<0.04), increasing by up to 11 times the baseline BF. At the same levels of muscle capacity (%MVC), resting BF was also found to increase with EL consistently. Our findings highlight BF dependence on both EL and history of muscle contraction. These results imply a variable recovery rate based on both the current state of contraction, (i.e., exertion vs. rest), and the muscle contraction history. The outcome of our study may facilitate the estimation of BF, thus, the muscle recovery rate, which can be implemented in the fatigue models to improve the prediction of muscle capacity to generate force/power.

Association between muscle aerobic capacity and whole-body peak oxygen uptake.

Decline in skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity (MOC) is associated with reduced aerobic capacity and increased risk ofcardiovascular and metabolicdisease. Measuring skeletal muscle MOC may be an alternative method to assess aerobic capacity, especiallyfor individuals unable to perform a whole-body maximum oxygen uptake protocol. In this study, linear regression analysis in two leg muscles was performed to determine whether MOC values could be used to predict whole-body peak oxygen uptake. MOC was measured with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) inthemedial gastrocnemius (MG) and vastus lateralis (VL) musclesof 26 participants (age, 27.1 ± 5.8years old). Whole-body peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) was determinedby indirect calorimetry during a continuous ramp protocol on a cycle ergometer. VO2 peak values were significantly correlated with the muscle recovery rate constant (k)ofthe MG (kMG,r = 0.59;p < 0.01) and VL (kVL,r = 0.63; p < 0.01) muscles. Summingrecovery rate constantsof both muscles together (kMG + kVL)improved thestrength of thecorrelation with VO2 peak (r = 0.78;p < 0.0001)andcouldexplain amajorityof the variance(R2 = 0.61)between the two measurements. Data suggest that NIRS can provide reliable MOC measurements on two leg muscles that correlate well with whole-body peak oxygen uptake.

Application of group health education on the prevention of disuse atrophy of muscle in patients with craniocerebral trauma

Objective To explore the effect of group health education on the prevention of disuse atrophy of muscle in patients with craniocerebral trauma. Methods From June 2014 to May 2016 at the root of craniocerebral injury patients in the treatment of 148 cases of our hospital as the research object, according to the order of admission number, were randomly divided into observation group and control group, 74 cases in each. The patients of control group were given routine health education, and the patients of observation group were given the group health education. At admission and intervention for 3 months were determined in patients with neurological function, motor function and muscle strength. Results 3 months after the intervention, the CSS score of the observation group (16.45±4.65) was significantly lower than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (t=2.646, P<0.01) . The score of upper limb motor function (53.58±10.31) and the score of lower extremity motor function (28.46±4.75) of the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (t=3.015, 2.699; P<0.01) . The total effective rate of muscle recovery in observation group was 84.38%, and the total effective rate of muscle recovery in control group was 53.97%, there was significant difference between two groups (χ2=6.783, P<0.01) . Conclusions Comparing with conventional health education, group health education can improve the recovery of limb motor function and muscle strength in patients with craniocerebral trauma. Meanwhile, it can effectively prevent the disuse atrophy of muscle so as to improve the quality of life of patients. Key words: Health education; Craniocerebral trauma; Disuse atrophy of muscle

The relationship between preoperative needle electromyography findings and muscle power restoration after surgery in severe carpal tunnel syndrome patients.

Needle electromyography provides essential information about the functional aspects of the muscle. But little attention has been given in the literature to needle electromyography examinations in carpal tunnel syndrome. We examined the relationship between preoperative needle electromyography findings and functional recovery of the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscle in severe carpal tunnel syndrome patients. The subjects of this study were 49 patients, 58 hands, who fit the following 5 criteria: (1) idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome; (2) pre-op MMT grade of the APB muscle was M0 or M1; (3) APB-CMAP (compound muscle action potential) was not evoked in a median nerve conduction study; (4) needle electromyography of the APB muscle had been done; (5) underwent carpal tunnel release only. The patients were divided into two groups according to the results of pre-op needle electromyography: voluntary motor unit potential of the APB muscle was evoked [MUP(+) group]or not [MUP(-) group]. We evaluated APB muscle strength at one year after surgery, and patient satisfaction and functional evaluations (CTSI-FS) at more than one year after. The APB muscle recovery rate to M3 or higher was 100% in the MUP(+) group, and 57% in the MUP(-) group. Patient satisfaction was also high and functional recovery was sufficient in the MUP(+) group. No patients requested a second opponensplasty. Our findings suggest that post-op restoration of thumb function relates to whether or not the MUP ofthe APB muscle is evoked. Single-stage opponensplasty may be unnecessary if the MUP of the APB muscle is; evoked. Needle electromyography is therefore useful in consideration for opponensplasty. Level Ⅲ, case-control study.

History Dependency of Muscle Strength Recovery from a Fatiguing Intermittent Task

Muscle fatigue and recovery are complex processes influencing muscle force generation capacity. While fatigue reduces this capacity, muscle recovery acts to restore the unfatigued muscle state. Many factors can potentially affect muscle recovery, among these may be a task dependency of recovery following an exercise. However, little has been reported regarding the history dependency of recovery after fatiguing contractions. Recently, we investigated the dependency of the fatigue process on cycle time during low to moderate exertion levels of intermittent muscle contraction (Rashedi &amp; Nussbaum, 2016). A dependency of localized muscle fatigue on cycle time was shown, even though there was a consistent level of overall physical demand. It was concluded that the difference in fatigue development might be related to recovery processes occurring during execution of the intermittent task. In the present study, we focused on the potential effect of contraction history on post-fatigue recovery. Based on the expected dependency of recovery to task demands during exercise, it was hypothesized that post-fatigue recovery will also be affected by the history of exercise-induced muscle fatigue. We examined the dependency of muscle recovery subsequent to four different histories of fatiguing muscle contractions, imposed using two cycle times (30 and 60 sec) during low to moderate levels (15% and 25% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)) of intermittent static exertions involving index finger abduction. All participants completed the intermittent contractions, in all four conditions, for 1 hour, and MVCs were obtained at fixed intervals during 1 hour of post-exercise recovery (i.e., at 0.2, 5, 10, 30, and 60 minutes). There was a clear and statistically-significant dependency of muscle recovery rate on the muscle capacity state existing immediately after fatiguing exercise. This dependency did not appear to be modified by either the cycle time or exertion level leading to that state. Similar results were found in the study of Iguchi et al. (2008), wherein the authors compared recovery between two different exertion histories while fatiguing muscles to the same level, though recovery was only monitored for 5 minutes. These results imply that the post-exercise rate of recovery is primarily influenced by the post-exercise muscle state. Such evidence may help improve existing models of muscle recovery (Rashedi &amp; Nussbaum, 2015b), facilitating more accurate predictions of localized muscle fatigue development (Rashedi &amp; Nussbaum, 2015a), and thereby helping to enhance muscle performance and reduce the risk of injury

Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction by Using Quadriceps Tendon Autograft

Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction by Using Quadriceps Tendon Autograft

Quantitative estimation of muscle fatigue on cyclic handgrip tasks

A recovery model is proposed to represent the relationship between the muscle fatigue and the rest time. Three experiments were conducted at 50% MVC with the contraction time of 10 s, 30 s and 50 s. Every experiment consists of 5 handgrip tasks with different rest interval. The maximal isometric forces during the pre-fatigue and post-fatigue were recorded to compute the muscle fatigue developed from each handgrip tasks. An exponential function is used to model the relationship between the muscle recovery and rest interval. With this model, the amount of muscle fatigue that is recovered given the rest duration can be estimated. The results suggest that the rate of muscle recovery is correlated to the degree of muscle fatigue at any particular moment, regardless the contraction level or contraction time of the tasks. It is demonstrated that the performance is not significant improved by increasing the number of experiments during calibration process. After that, the recovery model is integrated with the existing fatigue index proposed previously. This is then evaluated on cyclic handgrip tasks. The results show that during the high repetitive motion tasks, the effect of muscle recovery is essential to be taken into consideration for quantifying the degree of muscle fatigue. In average, the estimation error is between 5% MVC, comparing between the estimated value and the force loss measured using dynamometer. This concludes the effectiveness of utilizing force loss as the index to quantify the muscle fatigue and recovery.

Effect of a combination dietary supplement product (Bounce-Back™) on the signs and symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness after eccentric exercise: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot study

Background Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is muscle pain and discomfort experienced approximately one to three days after exercise and is believed to be a result of microscopic muscle fiber tears. The Bounce-BackTM product is a combination of several dietary supplement ingredients which have individually been shown to improve the inflammation and pain associated with DOMS (digestive enzymes, Bromelain, Curcumin, Vitamin C) in combination with an Avocado Soy extract and Resveratrol. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the ability of the BounceBackTM product to reduce the signs and symptoms of DOMS and increase the rate of muscle recovery following eccentric exercise.

Influence of heating and cooling on muscle fatigue and recovery

The aim of the present study was to establish the influence of muscle heating and cooling on knee flexors and extensors during fatiguing exercise. The participants of the study were 10 healthy males aged 19-23 years. The participants of the study were tested with the isokinetic dynamometer. Control measurements were done before the load as well as 10 min, 30 min, 60 min, and 24 h after the load. The participants performed concentric exercise bouts: 50 knee extensions and flexions at the fixed speed of 180 degrees /s, when femoral muscles before concentric load were of normal temperature, were heated or cooled. Creatine kinase activity in blood serum was estimated 1 h before the load and 24 h after it. Internal temperature of the muscle quadriceps femoris after muscle heating for 45 min increased to 39.5+/-0.2 degrees C (P<0.001) and after muscle cooling for 30 min decreased to 32.5+/-0.3 degrees C (P<0.05) as compared to baseline temperature (before heating - 36.9+/-0.1 degrees C, before cooling - 36.8+/-0.2 degrees C). Creatine kinase activity in blood serum 24 h after concentric load was significantly increased as compared to control values. Passive muscle warming increased muscle contraction force of knee extensors, but did not cause any changes either in the rate of muscle fatigue or in the rate of muscle recovery. Muscle cooling did not decrease muscle contraction force and did not increase muscle fatigue resistance. The findings of this study showed that both, muscle warming and muscle cooling, brought about a decrease in an indirect parameter of muscle damage - the amount of creatine kinase 24 h after concentric load.

Functional, cellular and molecular aspects of skeletal muscle recovery after injury induced by snake venom from Notechis scutatus scutatus

We have analysed the rate and ultimate extent of muscle functional recovery after snake venom-induced myotoxicity, as well as the relationships between functional, biochemical and structural indices of recovery. We also compared the effects of various injuries leading to muscle necrosis, loss of innervation/vasculature and/or precursors of muscle cells (pmc). We found that several parameters of rat soleus muscle such as maximal isometric force, slow myosin heavy chain, and citrate synthase, were fully and rapidly restored within 6 weeks after treatment with snake Notechis scutatus venom (im, 2 μg/muscle). In contrast, some muscle contractile properties (degree of tetanic fusion, fatigue resistance…) were not fully recovered even by 12 weeks after venom treatment. However, when compared to other injuries, recovery 3 weeks after venom treatment, was better than that observed after severing the terminal nerve and accompanying vessels and after cryodamage known to kill pmc. In conclusion, our studies demonstrate that—contrary to what is commonly believed - muscle treated by myotoxic agent does not recover rapidly and fully. However, the degree or rate of muscle recovery after snake venom treatment was much better when compared to other types of injury. In addition, histological and biochemical parameters cannot be used as such to easily predict functional recovery following injury.

Long-term functional results of contralateral C7 transfer.

From 1986 to 1994, 82 patients with brachial plexus root avulsion were operated on using a contralateral C7 nerve-root transfer. Forty-four patients underwent a one-stage procedure in which the distal end of the ulnar nerve was anastomosed to the contralateral C7 root, and the other 38 underwent a two-stage procedure (first phase: C7 root --> ulnar nerve; second phase: ulnar nerve --> recipient nerve). Twenty postoperative cases were followed-up for 2 years. Of them, the ulnar nerve was transferred to the musculocutaneous nerve in six cases, with recovery of the biceps up to M3 in four and S3 in five cases; the ulnar nerve was transferred to the median nerve in eight cases, with recovery of the wrist and finger flexors up to M3 in five and S3 in six cases; the ulnar nerve was transferred to the radial nerve in four cases, with recovery of the triceps up to M4 in two and S3 in three cases; and the ulnar nerve was transferred to the thoracodorsal nerve in two cases, with recovery of the latissimus dorsi to M4 in one case. The total muscle recovery rate (up to M3) of the series was 60 percent, and the sensory recovery rate (S3) was 78 percent. Outcomes were related to patient age, operative delay, and whether or not the ulnar nerve was used as a bridge for transfer.