Muscle Energy Technique Group Research Articles

Comparative effectiveness of low-level laser therapy versus muscle energy technique among diabetic patients with frozen shoulder: a study protocol for a parallel group randomised controlled trial

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus is one of the fastest-growing health challenges of the twenty-first century with multifactorial impact including high rates of morbidity and mortality as well as increased healthcare costs. It is associated with musculoskeletal complications, with frozen shoulder being commonly reported. While low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and muscle energy technique (MET) are commonly used to manage this condition, there remains a lack of agreement on the most effective approach, with limited research available on their comparative efficacy.ObjectivesTo evaluate the comparative effectiveness of LLLT versus MET among diabetic patients with frozen shoulder.MethodsThis is a single-centre, prospective, single-blind, randomised controlled trial with three parallel groups to be conducted at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Sixty diabetic patients with frozen shoulder will be randomly assigned into LLLT group, MET group, or control group in a 1:1:1 ratio. All the groups will receive treatment three times weekly for 8 weeks. The primary outcome will be shoulder function and the secondary outcomes will include pain intensity, shoulder ROM, interleukin-6 (IL-6), depression, anxiety, and quality of life (QoL). All outcomes will be assessed at baseline, at post 8-week intervention, and at 3 months follow-up.DiscussionThis will be the first randomised controlled trial to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of LLLT versus MET on both clinical and psychological parameters among diabetic patients with frozen shoulder. The findings of the study may provide evidence on the efficacy of these interventions and most likely, the optimal treatment approach for frozen shoulder related to diabetes, which may guide clinical practice.Trial Registration: Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR202208562111554). Registered on August 10, 2022.

Compare the Effects of Bowen Technique and Muscle Energy Technique on Hamstrings Tightness in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain

Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a prevalent condition affecting a significant portion of the global population, leading to decreased quality of life and increased healthcare utilization. Previous research has identified manual therapies, such as the Muscle Energy Technique (MET) and the Bowen Technique, as potential interventions for reducing pain and improving functional outcomes in patients with CLBP. These techniques focus on reducing muscular tightness and improving flexibility, which are often implicated in the etiology of low back pain. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the MET and the Bowen Technique on hamstring tightness and pain reduction in patients with CLBP. Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 62 participants with CLBP, who were divided into two groups to receive either the MET or the Bowen Technique. The interventions were administered over an 8-week period, with sessions occurring three times per week. Outcome measures included hamstring flexibility (measured by the Active Knee Extension Test), pain intensity (measured by the Visual Analogue Scale), and functional disability (measured by the Oswestry Disability Index). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and independent t-tests. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in all measured outcomes. Participants in the MET group demonstrated a greater reduction in pain intensity from baseline to 8 weeks (5.5161±1.20750 to 1.4839±1.15097, P<0.000) compared to the Bowen Technique group (7.2258±0.88354 to 0.2581±0.51431, P<0.000). Similarly, hamstring flexibility and functional disability scores improved significantly in both groups, with the MET group showing slightly more substantial improvements in functional disability. Conclusion: The study concluded that both the MET and the Bowen Technique are effective interventions for reducing pain and improving hamstring flexibility in patients with CLBP. However, the MET showed a slight advantage in improving functional disability outcomes.

Muscle energy techniques versus myofascial release on scoliosis in adolescent girls: A randomized controlled trial

Background. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a complicated 3D structural spine condition occurring in children aged 10 to skeletal maturity. The study aimed to examine the impact of muscle energy technique and/or myofascial release on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis for large sample. Also, it aimed to compare the muscle energy techniques versus myofascial release on idiopathic scoliosis. Methods. A total of 50 girls with idiopathic non-bony structural scoliosis of the thoracic spine were included in this trial. They were randomly divided into two equal-sized (n = 25 for each group). For three months, group A (Muscle energy technique Group), which received Scientific Exercises Approach to Scoliosis exercises in addition to Muscle energy technique; and group B (Myofascial release Group), which received the same Scientific Exercises Approach to Scoliosis exercises conducted to group A in addition to myofascial release. The primary outcome was a standing radiological evaluation of coronal Cobb´s angle. Results. According to this study's findings, a highly significant difference was discovered in the mean values of Cobb´s angle between pre and post-treatment in muscle energy technique group. When the mean values of Cobb´s angle was compared before and after treatment for myofascial release group, it was reveals a significant change. Conclusions. After treatment for three months, both groups improved significantly, with muscle energy technique group outperforming the myofascial release group by a large margin. So, muscle energy technique was more effective than myofascial release in reducing the abnormal thoracic curvature in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Trial registration. The study was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov under the identifier NCT05120089.

Comparison of Effectiveness of Maitland Mobilization and Muscle Energy Technique in Patients with Periarthritis Shoulder Using SPADI and NPRS

Background: Periarthritis shoulder is a shoulder ailment with no recognised cause. It gradually causes theshoulder’s range of motion to be restricted. Between 2% and 3% of the general population suffer from adhesiveshoulder capsulitis, which most frequently develops between the ages of 40-65 years. The region graduallythickens, leading to shoulder stiffness and increase in pain.Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of Maitland mobilization and Muscle energy technique in patients withperiarthritis shoulder using SPADI and NPRS.Materials and Methods: Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups. Maitland mobilization group (n =33) and Muscle Energy Technique group (n = 33). The subjects were assessed using SPADI and NPRS for pre andpost-test values. The one group treated with Maitland mobilization (grade 1 and 2) were given to the patientsalong with some exercises. The other group were treated with muscle energy technique along with some exercises.These interventions were given for 4 weeks.The entire process was conducted from November 2022 to April 2023.Result: There was a significant improvement from pre-treatment levels in pain and ROM in Maitland mobilizationgroup compared to muscle energy group.Conclusion: Hence the study concludes that there is a more significant increase in ROM and SPADI score, and asignificant decrease in pain on NPRS by Maitland mobilization as compared with Muscle energy technique

Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique and Strengthening Exercises by KOOS in Knee Osteoarthritis Strengthening Exercise in Reducing Pain to Improve Functional Activity Measured by KOOS in Knee Osteoarthritis

Background: According to 2012 data, the prevalence rate of OA in both rural and urban India was ranging from33% to 46% of the older adult population where females were more affected than men. Participants with knee OAfrequently need to perform strengthening exercises since they have weaker muscles due to decreased physicalactivity and pain tolerance.Purpose: The Purpose of the study is to find out the efficacy of Muscle energy technique and strengthening exercisein pain management to improve ROM in knee osteoarthritis.Materials and methods: This study included a sample of 196 between the age group of 45- 60 years were takenfrom Shri Shakthi’s centre for pain relief and rehabilitation according to selection criteria for this experimentalstudy which was divided into two groups, strengthening exercise group (n=98) and muscle energy techniquegroup (n=98) . Interventions were given as 5 sessions a week and continued for 2 weeks.Study period: March 2023 to July 2023.Result: The Pre-test and post-test values were analysed, pain score was decreased and functional outcome wasimproved significantly in strengthening exercise groups when compared to muscle energy technique.Conclusion: The study shows that strengthening exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee in older adults is moreeffective than muscle energy technique.

턱관절 장애에 대한 근에너지 기법의 효과

Objectives : This study aimed to conduct a systematic review evaluating the effec- tiveness of muscle energy technique(MET) in temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD).
 Methods : Searches were conducted in 11 electronic databases until October 2023. Randomized controlled trials(RCT) comparing the effect of MET for TMD were included. All studies were evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.
 Results : Nine documents that fulfilled all the criteria were obtained for analysis. All studies showed some concerns in high risk of bias, but showed a significant improve- ment in pain and maximum mouth opening compared to baseline of MET or control group. MET was not better than extracorporeal shock wave therapy or myofascial re- lease in some outcomes.
 Conclusions : MET seems to be an effective treatment for TMD in some regards, however, can be considered as an adjunct therapy which has weak evidence. Further studies are required due to the inconclusive data and poor homogeneity found in this review.

The Immediate Effects of Muscle Energy Technique in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients with Functional Leg Length Discrepancy: A Randomized and Placebo-Controlled Trial.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of muscle energy technique (MET) on pelvic alignment, leg length, pain, and fatigue in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients with leg length discrepancy (LLD). Forty-two CLBP patients with LLD volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned to the MET group (n = 21) and placebo group (n = 21). The intervention group performed three METs with 5 s of isometric contraction and 30 s of rest once, and the placebo group performed three times the placebo-MET, maintaining the same posture as the MET group without muscle isometric contraction. X-ray equipment, tape measure, and visual analog scale were used to evaluate pelvic alignment, leg length, pain, and fatigue before and after each intervention. In comparison pre- and postintervention, only the MET group showed significant changes in pelvic alignment, leg length, pain, and fatigue (p < 0.05). In comparison between groups, there were significant differences in all variables (pelvic alignment, leg length, pain, fatigue) (p < 0.05). The results of this study confirmed the therapeutic effect of MET for improving pelvic alignment, functional LLD, pain, and fatigue in CLBP patients with functional LLD. Future research is needed to evaluate the long-term effect on more chronic low back pain patients.

Effects of Muscle Energy Technique versus Shoulder Mobilization on Pain and Function in Patients with Subacromial Pain Syndrome

Abstract Background Subacromial pain syndrome is most leading cause of disability that includes the wide spectrum of disorders including subacromial tendinopathy, partial or full thickness tear of rotator cuff and subacromial bursitis. The manual therapy interventions for this condition are still debatable. Aim To evaluate the comparative effects of muscle energy technique (MET) versus posterior shoulder mobilization with movement (MWM) on pain, function and shoulder range of motion in patients with subacromial pain syndrome. Method Patients diagnosed with subacromial pain syndrome were recruited in this pragmatic parallel double blinded randomized clinical trial. The sample was selected through non-probability convenient sampling technique. Forty patients out of 56 meeting the eligibility criteria were equally divided into two groups, MET group (n = 20) and MWM group (n = 20), through a randomization web service. Data were collected at baseline and after successful completion of a six week trial treatment. Pain severity was measured by using a numeric pain rating scale, shoulder disability was measured by using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and ranges of motion were measured by using goniometry. Data was analyzed through SPSS 24. Results Outcome measures including pain, disability and shoulder range of motion were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved in both groups after the intervention. When comparing both groups, pain score was U = 82.0 (p ≤ 0.001) and disability score was t = –2.913 (p ≤ 0.006) favoring MET. Conclusion Both MET and MWM were effective for symptomatic management in this sample of 40 patients with subacromial impingement syndrome. MET seems to show some superior effects as compared to MWM.

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF POSITIONAL RELEASE TECHNIQUE AND MUSCLE ENERGY TECHNIQUE ON LOW BACK PAIN-A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Aims of Study: The purpose of this study is to ascertain the impact of positional release technique and muscular energy technique on low back pain. Methodology: It was a single blinded randomized controlled trial. Participants were enrolled using envelop method of simple random sampling technique. A total n=30 clinically diagnosed LBP patients with between 26 to 40 y/o were recruited and randomly divided into two groups. Group-A MET (n=15) patients receiving muscle energy technique and Group-B PRT (n=15) patients receiving Positional Release Technique for two weeks. Results: Between groups analysis was performed using independent t test as the data was normally distributed. The results revealed statically significant results in both the groups. However, group A show more significant results with mean value of 2.0±0.53, 10.73±1.79, and 2.80±0.14 for NPRS, ODI, and Modified Schober’s Test Score respectively as shown in table 3. Limitations and Future Implications: The study may have had a limited number of participants, which could affect the generalizability of the results. Secondly, the study might have focused on short-term outcomes, assessing the immediate effects of the interventions. Originality: The study has used and compared new technique and have identified the efficacy between the two physical therapy intervention based study. Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, both therapy options are successful in treating low back pain. The effectiveness of the patients in the muscle energy technique group, however, showed a substantial difference.

Comparison of muscle energy technique and mobilization with movement to reduce pain and improve functional status in subjects with anterior innominate ilio-sacral dysfunction

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare Muscle energy technique (METs) and Mobilization with movement (MWM) for pain reduction and improving functional status in subjects with anterior innominate iliosacral dysfunction. MethodologyThirty-six patients with anterior innominate iliosacral dysfunction were randomly assigned to both groups. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Modified Oswestry Disability Index (MODI) were used to measure pain and functional disability. Four weeks of treatment sessions were given to each participant. ResultsThe findings of this study have revealed that statistically, differences were present within and between two groups (p-value <0.05) in the Numeric Pain Rating Score and Modified Oswestry Disability Index. After 4 weeks of treatment, pain intensity decreased and functional ability increased to a greater extent in the MET group, with a mean value of 3.05 ± 0.96 for pain and 23.82 ± 4.39 for modified Oswestry index as compared to the MWM group with a mean value of 4.58 ± 1.06 for pain and 30.29 ± 5.89 for modified Oswestry index in mobilization with movement group. ConclusionThis study concluded that both Muscle Energy Technique and Mobilization with Movement techniques are effective in reducing pain and improving functional ability in patients with Anterior Innominate Iliosacral dysfunction. But when both groups were compared with each other Muscle Energy Techniques were more effective than Mobilization with Movement.

Efficacy of Single Stretching Session of Iliopsoas Using Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Versus Muscle Energy Technique on Low Back Pain in Patients With Lumbar Hyper-Lordosis.

Background and objectivesOne of the most frequent conditions for which people seek physiotherapy treatment is low back pain (LBP). When the aetiology of low back pain is whittled down to mechanical factors, pelvic tilting becomes apparent. The iliopsoas muscle is the key to relieving LBP in such circumstances, and since it is tightened, we concentrated on stretching it adequately in this study. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and muscle energy technique (MET) are two stretching techniques that we have compared for this purpose. There are many other stretching techniques available, but the evidence has proven these two to be the most effective.MethodsThe participants in the study were those between the ages of 18 and 60 who had exaggerated lumbar lordosis, or LBP, and met the inclusion criteria. There were two groups created: A and B. PNF and traditional physiotherapy was used to manage the participants in group A, and MET and traditional physiotherapy were used to manage the participants in group B. Each group underwent the same pre-and post-tests, which included the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) to assess pain intensity; a universal goniometer to measure hip joint extension range of motion (ROM) to assess iliopsoas flexibility; and a side-lying X-ray to measure the lumbosacral angle (LSA) to determine the angle of lumbar lordosis.ResultIn both the stretching interventions, i.e., PNF and MET, there were statistically significant differences in pain, hip extension range of motion, and lumbar lordosis angle (P > 0.0001). However, for the PNF group, the difference between the pre-and post-test was greater than that for the MET group.ConclusionThe current study, which included 100 participants, demonstrated that both PNF and MET are remarkably effective for loosening the tight iliopsoas. A comparison of both techniques showed that the PNF group had benefited significantly more than the MET group.

Comparing the effect of myofascial release and muscle energy technique on craniovertebral angle and headache in tension type headache patients

INTRODUCTION: Tension headaches can be induced by forward head posture, and there is a wealth of evidence available for managing chronic headaches. The data supports the use of manual therapy approaches to manage tension type headaches. Because of the forward head posture, the suboccipital muscle region becomes short, resulting in an increase in lordosis and neck pain. Patients with an even more forward head posture have a smaller cranio-vertebral angle, which in turn causes tension type headache. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to compare the effects of Myofascial release therapy(MFR) and Muscle energy technique(MET) with general neck exercises on the cranio-vertebral angle and headache in tension type headache patients. METHODS: In total, 75 subjects with tension type headache and suboccipital muscle tenderness were recruited and randomized blindly into three groups: the MFR group, the MET group, and the control group (25 subjects in each group). A pre-craniovertebral angle was taken by photographic method, and a pre-headache disability index questionnaire was filled in. The MFR group receives cranio-basal release in the suboccipital region with neck exercises, the MET group receives post–isometric relaxation in the suboccipital region with exercises, and the control group receives only exercises for 2 weeks. After two weeks, the postcranial angle and the headache questionnaire were taken and measured. RESULTS: Craniovertebral angle and headache index showed significant improvement in both the MET and MFR groups. There was no significant difference when MET and MFR groups were compared. When compared with the control group, both MET and MFR showed a significant increase in craniovertebral angle. There was significant improvement in the headache index following MET, MFR, or routine neck exercise. CONCLUSION: Compared to the control group, MFR shows better results than MET on craniovertebral angle and headache.

Comparing the Effect of Stretching and Muscle Energy Technique in the Management of Lower Cross Syndrome

Aim: To compare the effects of stretching exercises &amp; muscle energy techniques in the management of lower cross syndrome. Methods: In this parallel, randomized controlled trail fifty-eight patients were randomly assigned into two intervention groups. Group A received stretching technique and Group B received muscle energy technique, three sessions per week for total duration of four weeks. Results: Normality test applied and P values were noted by applying Shapiro-Wilk test both groups. Baseline measures for both groups showed no significant difference as the P value &gt; 0.05. The paired t-test within the group of Stretching and Muscle Energy Technique showed significant difference in pre and post Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), pre and post Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and pre and post muscle length via inclinometer and goniometer. Independent t-test for post treatment groups between stretching group and muscle energy technique group was not significant i.e. P&gt; 0.05. Conclusion: The study concluded that statistically there is no significant difference in variables of both groups i.e. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), bilateral muscle length of iliopsoas, hamstrings and rectus femoris as well as of erector spinae. However, mean values of above mentioned parameters show a little more improvement in Muscle Energy Technique group. Keywords: Stretching, Muscle Energy Technique, Lower Cross Syndrome, Muscle imbalance.

Pilate mat exercise versus muscle energy technique on chronic non specific low back pain

Background: Many studies have been performed to evaluate the best physical therapy technique for treating chronic nonspecific low back pain. Pilate exercises and muscle energy techniques showed favorable results in many trials. Yet, no comparisons were conducted to compare their effects. Purpose: To compare between the effects of pilate mat exercise (PME) and Muscle energy technique (MET) on pain intensity, functional disability, trunk range of motion, and flexibility in patients with chronic non specific low back pain. Subjects: seventy-eight patients diagnosed, by their orthopedist, with chronic non specific low back pain participated in this study. Methods: Patients were divided randomly into three groups: Pilate group: consisted of 29 patients who received PME and standard treatment, MET group: consisted of 29 patients who received MET treatment and standard treatment, Control group: consisted of 29 patients who received standard treatment only. Interventions were performed for 12 sessions (3 sessions/ week) over a period of four weeks. Outcomes were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the fourth week using visual analogue scale for pain intensity, V-sit and reach test (VSR) for flexibility of hamstring and lower back muscles.

The Effect of Muscle Energy Technique and Posture Correction Exercises on Pain and Function in Patients with Non-specific Chronic Neck Pain Having Forward Head Posture-a Randomized Controlled Trail.

BackgroundNeck pain is a common problem in individuals despite different types of working patterns. Forward head posture is a common identified cause of chronic neck pain in patients. The effect of long-term forward head posture can be loss of function which can limit individuals’ capacity to work or do activities of daily living; hence it becomes necessary to intervene with muscle strengthening to improve neck stability, as well as mobility.PurposeTo assess effectiveness of muscle energy technique (MET) and posture correction exercises on pain and function in patients with non-specific chronic neck pain having forward head posture.Study SettingOutpatient department of Dr. D. Y. Patil College of Physiotherapy, Pune, India.ParticipantsBoth males and females between the ages of 21–60 years with a cranio-vertebral angle of less than 48° were included in study.Research DesignA randomized clinical trial.MethodologyMET group received muscle energy treatment + posture correction exercises, and control group receiving neck range of motion treatment. Outcomes measures were pain (Numerical Pain Rating Scale), function (Neck Disability Index), and cranio-vertebral angle (MB ruler).ResultsForty-eight subjects were included in the analysis, with 23 participants in Group A (MET) and 25 in Group B (Control). While both groups showed within-group improvements, Group A had significantly greater decreases in neck pain (p < .001), Neck Disability Index scores (p < .001), and significantly greater improvements in cranio-vertebral angles (p < .025) compared to group B.ConclusionThe combined effect of MET and posture correction exercises provides significantly greater results than neck range of motion treatment, and muscle energy technique should be included in the treatment of non-specific chronic neck pain in individuals with forward head posture.

Muscle Energy Technique plus Neurac Method in Stroke Patients with Hemiplegia Complicated by Diabetes Mellitus and Assessment of Quality of Life

Objective To analyze the role of muscle energy technique (MET) plus Neurac method in stroke patients with hemiplegia complicated by diabetes mellitus and the impact on quality of life. Methods From January 2021 to December 2021, 100 stroke patients with hemiplegia complicated by diabetes mellitus treated in our institution and assessed for eligibility were recruited and randomly assigned (1 : 3) via the random sampling method to either the conventional rehabilitation group or the experimental group. The patients in the experimental group were randomized (1 : 1 : 1) into either the MET group (receives MET), the Neurac group (receives Neurac), or the joint group (receives MET plus Neurac). The primary endpoint is the clinical efficacy, and the second endpoint is the quality of life. Results The eligible patients had similar pretreatment Barthel index scores, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, Berg balance scale (BBS) scores, Tinetti scores, Fugl-Meyer scores, and quality of life (QoL) scores (P > 0.05). The treatment herein achieved significant improvements in Barthel index scores, VAS scores (2.71 ± 0.28), BBS scores, Tinetti scores, Fugl-Meyer scores, and QoL scores (99.67 ± 10.62), and MET plus Neurac method obtained the best results versus both the conventional rehabilitation and monotherapy of either MET or Neurac (P < 0.05). Conclusion Neurac method plus MET improves the independent mobility of stroke patients with hemiplegia and diabetes, relieves pain, enhances balance and stability, mitigates limb dysfunction, and boosts patients' quality of life, so it is worthy of clinical application.

Comparing the Effectiveness of Chiropractic Manipulation and Muscle Energy Technique in Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction Treatment

Aim: The effects of chiropractic manipulation, muscle energy technique and home exercise program on pain, depression and functional level were compared in patients diagnosed with sacroiliac joint dysfunction (SIJD) in this study.&#x0D; &#x0D; Materials and Methods: Forty-five volunteer patients aged 20-65 years who were diagnosed with SIJD participated in this study. The patients were tested through chiropractic and orthopedic examination methods, and aspects of dysfunction were detected. Patients were randomized into 3 groups: Chiropractic Manipulation Group (CM), Muscle Energy Technique Group (MET), Control Group. All groups were assigned a home exercise program. All treatment groups were evaluated with numerical pain scale (NPS), Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire (OLBPDQ), Beck depression inventory (BDI) and algometer before and after treatment. Descriptive statistics were used in data analysis, Kruskal-Wallis tests in intergroup comparisons, Mann-Whitney U tests in pairwise comparisons, and Friedman, post-hoc Wilcoxon Rank tests were used for intragroup comparisons. The statistical significance value was set at p

Comparison of Mulligan technique versus muscle energy technique in patients with adhesive capsulitis.

To compare the effects of Mulligan technique and muscle energy technique in patients with adhesive capsulitis. The randomised controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Physiotherapy, Government Mian Munshi Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from September 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020, and comprised patients with adhesive capsulitis who were randomised into Mulligan mobilisation Group A and muscle energy technique Group B. The outcome assessor was kept blinded to the treatment plan. Pain, range of motion and functional disability were measured using Visual Analogue Scale, universal goniometer and Shoulder Pain and Disability Indexat baseline, and subsequently at the end of third and sixth weeks. Data was analysed using SPSS 24. Of the 78 subjects, 39(50%) were in each of the two groups. Group A had 11(28%) male and 28(72%) female patients, while Group B had 20(51%) male and 19(49%) female patients. Both groups showed significant improvement (p<0.001), and inter-group comparison showed the difference to be non-significant at baseline and third week (p>0.05). However, post-intervention difference showed significantly better results in Group A compared to Group B (p<0.05). Mulligan technique was found to be more effective than muscle energy technique in improving range of motion, and in reducing pain and functional disability. IRCT 20200605047660.

Immediate Effect of Muscle Energy Technique and Kalternborn Mobilisation Technique on Pain in Diabetic Patients with Periarthritis of Shoulder

Background: Periarthritis Shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition that results in tissue degeneration, thickening of the joint capsule, and a narrowing of the glenoid cavity. Diabetes mellitus is linked to many debilitating musculoskeletal disorders of the hand and shoulder. Prevalence of adhesive capsulitis or frozen shoulder is estimated to be 11-30 percent in people with diabetes. Various interventions have already been used to prevent pain and improve quality of life. Both Muscle Energy Technique and Kalternborn Mobilization Technique are thought to have a pain-relieving effect.&#x0D; Aim &amp; Objective: The study's aim is to compare the effects of both techniques on pain in diabetic patients.&#x0D; Methods/Design: In this study experimental study, the participants will be divided into two groups: Kalternborn Mobilization Technique Group (A) and Muscle Energy Technique Group (B) based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Both interventions include 30-45 min session which will be carried out for duration of four days. Outcome will be Pain and Quality of Life and outcome measures will be evaluated at beginning and at the end of intervention period.&#x0D; Result: Successful Completion of trial of Muscle Energy Technique and Kalternborn Mobilisation Technique will provide evidence for best strategy targeting Pain and quality of life in diabetic patients with Periarthritis of Shoulder.&#x0D; Conclusion: The study will be concluded with the significant effect of Muscle Energy Technique and Kalternborn Mobilisation Technique on Periarthritis shoulder of diabetic patients.

The Changes of Motor Control Strategies in Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain During Spinal Manipulation and Muscle Energy Techniques: A Beta-band Intermuscular Pair-Wise Coherence Analysis

Background: Until now, a variety of techniques have been introduced to address the adverse effects of NS-CLBP, including spinal manipulation technique (SMT) and muscle energy technique (MET). However, most of these techniques have focused on pain assessment and disability. In other words, the intermuscular synchronization between the co-contracting muscles was not considered, and hence, the effectiveness of these techniques on the corticospinal tract function was not studied. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of SMT and MET on corticospinal tract function during four phases of standing, flexion, relaxation, and extension in flexion-extension task (F-ET) in NS-CLBP using pair-wise coherence of Beta-band intermuscular coherence (Bb-IMC). Methods: Twenty volunteer healthy male subjects and twenty-four male subjects with NS-CLBP (20 - 45 years of age) participated in this work. The patients had continuous or recurrent symptoms for three months or more without any referral pain to the lower extremities. The patients were randomly assigned to two equal intervention groups (SMT and MET), and the techniques were applied as described by Greenman. Surface electromyography (sEMGs) from lumbopelvic muscles was recorded for all participants (i.e., healthy group and the patient groups), while they performed three trials of F-ET, and the pair-wise coherence for all muscles was calculated using Bb-IMC analysis. Besides, in the patient's groups, sEMGs from the muscles were recorded before and after the interventional techniques (i.e., SMT and MET), while they performed three trials of F-ET, and the pair-wise coherence was calculated. Multivariate analysis of variance test was used to compare the healthy subjects and patient groups before the interventions in A and B muscle cross at different phases of F-ET task. Furthermore, in the NS-CLBP patients, comparisons were made before and after the interventions in each group (i.e., SMT and MET groups) as well as between the two groups in A and B muscle cross at different phases of the F-ET task. Results: In the standing phase of F-ET, there were no significant differences in the SMT and MET group before and after the intervention in PWC of A muscle cross and B muscle cross (P &lt; 0.05). Considering the flexion phase, there were significant differences in the SMT group in all pair muscles as PWC (M1-M4), PWE (M1-M6), PWC (M4-M6) (P &lt; 0.05), whereas there was one significantly in PWC (M4-M6) in the MET group (P &lt; 0.05). In the relaxation phase, the SMT had significantly in PWC (M2-M5), whereas there was one significantly in PWC (M4-M6) in MET group (P &lt; 0.05). In the extension phase, although the SMT was not significant (P &lt; 0.05) in the MET intervention group, there were significant differences in the PWC (M2-M3) and PWC muscles (M2-M5). Conclusions: This study provided some pieces of evidence about the effects of one of the common manual therapy techniques on the primary motor cortex and corticospinal drive in the NS-CLBP patients. The results showed that, by increasing the pair-wise coherence in all phases of FE-T, SMT intervention was more effective than MET intervention. Therefore, the pair-wise coherence of Bb-IMC can be considered an approach for clinicians when designing the rehabilitation protocol to ensure optimal treatment.