Municipality Of Garanhuns Research Articles

Diaporthe ueckeri causing cassava root rot in Pernambuco, Brazil

Cassava root rot is a highly destructive disease that causes great damage in Brazil. Identification of the causal agents is essential for the management of this disease. Roots of cassava plants (Manihot esculenta Crantz) with symptoms of root rot were collected from a cassava crop in the municipality of Garanhuns, Pernambuco State, Brazil. This study aimed to identify a Diaporthe species isolated from cassava root rot in Brazil and evaluate pathogenicity in cassava plants and roots. At 7 days after inoculation (DAI), tuberous roots showed necrotic lesions, a soft appearance, and pink color in the center and brown to greenish at the edges, while seedlings showed root rot, wilting, yellowing, drying out, and leaf fall at 66 DAI in the soil. All plants in the control group were asymptomatic. After reisolations and confirmation of Koch's postulates, the causal agent was conclusively identified as Diaporthe ueckeri through the multilocus phylogenetic analyses involving the ITS, TEF1-α, TUB2, CAL, and HIS genes. The results showed that the morphological characteristics, such as colonies with abundant aerial mycelium, formation of pycnidia and alpha conidia, were consistent with those described for species of the genus Diaporthe. This is the first report of D. ueckeri causing cassava root rot in Brazil and worldwide.

Estimates of CO2 Emission in a Building in the Municipality of Garanhuns – Pernambuco

Objective: The main focus of this work is to address the quantification of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which it identifies as the contribution of civil construction in the process of increasing the emission of polluting gases. Theoretical Framework: The effective contribution of the construction industry to GHG emissions, due to the extraction of materials, their transportation and the cement manufacturing process. Method: The present study consists of exploratory research, with results treated in a quantitative manner. Based on data collection, estimates of CO2 emissions were verified in a building in the municipality of Garanhuns – Pernambuco. Results: It was possible to identify an estimated amount of carbon dioxide, obtained in a vertical building, which ranged from 190.43 to 243.72 tons of CO2, comprising a rate of 159.37 and 203.93 kg of CO2/m² of area constructed, according to the amount of material used in the building. Research implications: The results of this work are of great relevance for sustainable development in civil construction, not only in the municipality of Garanhuns, but throughout southern Agreste, bringing possibilities to mitigate gas emissions to the interior of Pernambuco. Originality/value: Using technical knowledge and emissions from construction materials used in Brazil, it is expected to contribute in a relevant way to the problem that arises, as civil construction as a whole needs changes in the way it emits greenhouse gases. greenhouse effect, as it is a sector with a high potential to mitigate the effects caused by GHG emissions emitted by its construction materials.

Solid waste management: an investigation on the current situation of the landfill in the municipality of Garanhuns – PE

The generation of solid residues has become one of the biggest problems of humanity due to the growing demand of the population for goods and services, and it is necessary that the governments look into a way to mitigate its harmful effects on the environment. In Brazil, the problem of adequate solid waste management also became recurrent and started with the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, which took place in the city of Rio de Janeiro in 1992, Rio-92 or Eco-92. The general objective of the work is to diagnose the current situation of the Garanhuns landfill regarding its suitability for the Intermunicipal Solid Waste Plan - PIRS of the Agreste Meridional Region of Pernambuco and the Garanhuns landfill as an instrument to combat environmental transgression. In the first moment, a documentary analysis was carried out regarding the proposed theme and in the second moment, an investigation, through an interview, about the situation of the landfill in relation to the PIRS. Despite fulfilling some requirements regarding the final destination of the waste, the municipality has not yet prepared, licensed and implemented the Degraded Areas Recovery Program-PRAD, an indispensable part to comply with the guideline of “Compliance with the National Solid Waste Policy”. However, even though there are still some obstacles to compliance with the PIRS, the importance of a properly licensed landfill operating in Agreste Meridional de Pernambuco is emphasized.

RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS E A NÃO TRANSGRESSÃO DA LEGISLAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: UM ESTUDO NO MUNICÍPIO DE GARANHUNS – PE

O presente trabalho realiza um estudo sobre a viabilidade da Lei 12.305 que trata sobre os resíduos sólidos (RS), tendo como uma de suas medidas principais a desativação dos locais em condições ambientais inapropriados para receber os RS e adotar os aterros sanitários indicados como possibilidade adequada ao descarte. Procuramos expor considerações sobre o conceito de sustentável para as condições ambientais de depósitos de resíduos sólidos e o manejo das ações e gestão pública municipal. Foi realizado de inicio considerações dos conceitos que tratam da temática na literatura e uma prática in loco para levantamento de registros fotográficos e um pretenso diagnostico da área de estudo. Com isso podemos identificar quais as práticas são adotadas e como a legislação ambiental do PNRS (política nacional dos resíduos sólidos) vigorante está sendo aplicada. Foi realizado um esboço da situação do aterro sanitário localizado no município de Garanhuns no Agreste do estado Pernambucano. Pode-se observar o manejo e alguns riscos ambientais provocados pelo aterro sanitário e do risco de insalubridade aos trabalhadores atuantes na área, bem como a determinação legal para a desativação e construção de aterros sanitários. Apontamos se tivéssemos mais cooperativas de reciclagem de resíduos, isso acarretaria a diminuição de parte dos RS dos “lixões” e aterros, diminuindo os impactos sobre o meio ambiente.

Detecção de β-lactamase, blaZ e mecA em amostras de Staphylococcus aureus resistentes à penicilina isoladas de mastite bovina em Garanhuns, Brasil

There are few reports in the literature about genetic determinants of resistance to β-lactams in Staphylococcus aureusisolated from dairy cattle located in the municipality of Garanhuns, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the production of β-lactamase and the presence of the blaZ and mecA genes in penicillin-resistant S. aureus isolated from cases of subclinical bovine mastitis in the city of Garanhuns. Forty-six strains of penicillin-resistant S. aureus were evalu-ated using the nitrocefin disc test and duplex PCR. The results revealed that 45 strains (97.8%) were positive for β-lactamase production and 44 (95.7%) carried the blaZ gene. Among the latter, 43 (97.7%) were β-lactamase producers and only one (2.3%) was not. The mecA gene was not detected in any of the isolates investigated. The results suggest that enzymatic inacti-vation is the main β-lactam resistance mechanism expressed by S. aureus in the herds analyzed.

Parasites in vegetables used for human consumption: a risk for public health

Vegetables are pivotal food source to the human beings, representing the source of key nutrients, which in turn the occurrence of chronic diseases. Nonetheless, the consumption of poorly washed or in nature vegetables may expose individuals to the risk of infection by parasites. The aim of this study was to assess the contamination by parasites of medical and veterinary concern in raw vegetables used for human consumption. Fresh vegetables [i.e., lettuces (n = 50), carrots (n = 50) and beet (n = 50)] were acquired in different market places across the municipality of Garanhuns (northeastern Brazil) and the presence of parasites assessed by a sedimentation technique. Parasites were detected in 44.7% (67/150) of the evaluated samples. This study provides important data on the occurrence of zoonotic agents in vegetables. Therefore, strict hygienic measures should be adopted to reduce the risk for vegetable contamination leading to a reduction of human infection by pathogens of medical importance.

Covid-19: Estudo da infectividade no Município de Garanhuns - PE

A Covid-19 não é um problema local, mas um grave desafio para saúde pública, que afeta diferentes continentes e tem sido objeto de ações governamentais de diferentes esferas no município de Garanhuns. Este estudo objetivou analisar a taxa de infectividade de Covid-19, no município de Garanhuns, através do número reprodutivo efetivo do novo coronavírus. O número reprodutivo efetivo é usado frequentemente em modelos epidemiológicos. Para isso, foi necessário a utilização do gráfico de incidência e de uma distribuição paramétrica que representou a probabilidade de casos sucessivos no tempo transcorrido. Para garantir a consistência da estimativa usamos estimativas consistentes para a média e desvio-padrão da distribuição. Simulamos os parâmetros de acordo com a mais recente literatura sobre o assunto, garantindo estimativas mais adequadas para projeção em nossas análises. Ressaltamos que adaptamos os parâmetros de acordo com a realidade que um paciente infectado em média leva para procurar atendimento hospitalar após apresentar os primeiros sintomas de Covid-19. Os resultados demonstram que, até a data analisada, as medidas não foram suficientes para reduzir, de forma eficaz, a infectividade a um valor que permita afirmar que não há mais a propagação da doença. O estudo permitiu compreender a evolução da pandemia e a eficácia deas medidas públicas.

Lutzomyia evandroi in a New Area of Occurrence of Leishmaniasis.

Sand flies are vectors of medical and veterinary concern, responsible for the transmission of Leishmania parasites. These invertebrates are widely distributed throughout the world and their abundance and diversity is dependent on several biotic and physical factors. Based on the epidemiological importance of these insects, the aim of this study was to assess the sand fly fauna of a new area of occurrence of leishmaniasis. From October 2018 to September 2019, samplings were performed using CDC light traps at six different collection points located in a high altitude area in the municipality of Garanhuns, Northeastern Brazil. Geographic coordinates were recorded using the satellite remote sensing Global Positioning System (GPS) Garmin Etrex20. The spatial distribution of sand flies was evaluated using kernel density estimation (KDE). Engorged females (n = 12) were molecularly processed to search for Leishmania DNA. A total of 138 sand fly specimens were collected during the study period, with 100% (138/138) identified as Lutzomyia evandroi. Climatic conditions did not influence the number of sand flies (males and females) collected monthly, but a statistically significant difference was observed between the number of specimens and different collections points. The kernel map showed a heterogeneous spatial distribution of sand flies in the municipality of Garanhuns with a hotspot in the south of the region. Data presented herein are pivotal in filling the gap on the epidemiology of leishmaniasis in this high altitude area, serving as an alert to local health authorities. It also indicated that the putative role of L. evandroi in the transmission of Leishmania parasites should be clarified.

INCIDENCE OF SCHIZOPHRENIA IN THE POPULATION OF PERNAMBUCO: AN ANALYSIS FROM NATIONAL HEALTH INDICATORS

Introduction: Schizophrenia is idiopathic chronic psychosis characterized by distortions of thought, perception, inadequacy and affective dullness. The main risk factors are connected by genetic, neurobiological and psychosocial functions. In Brazil, it is estimated that over 2.5 million people are carriers of the disease, alarming given the social damage that the disease can bring. Objective: To analyze the prevalence data in new cases of schizophrenia from 2014 to 2018 by sample of municipalities in the state of Pernambuco with more than 100 new cases in the period. Methodology: It is a study in secondary databases, conducted from the Basic Data indicators of Brazil, an integral tool of the health information system, using quantitative analysis of variables. Results: There was a 25% reduction in new cases in 2018 compared to 2014. The municipality of Garanhuns had the largest absolute and relative reduction of new cases in the period, from 467 to 6.. The cities of Caruaru, Serra talhada and Igarassu also had a reduction in the number of cases. In contrast, in the municipality of Araripina there was an increase in the number of cases in the period. In the municipality of Recife there was the highest incidence among the municipalities, with 7,209 hospitalizations, 66% of the total cases in the state. Discussion: With the exception of the municipality of Araripina, it is generally observed that there were significant reductions in the number of new cases when evaluating the totality of the municipalities of Pernambuco. This may be associated with the expansion of preventive public health education policies aimed at raising awareness of the population about the disease, improving the effectiveness of treatment over the years and the assistance of multiprofessional health teams in psychosocial care centers, with a view to reintegration of these patients in the social context and reduction of public expenses related to hospitalizations. Conclusion: Data analysis showed the effectiveness of multiprofessional programs and public policies related to schizophrenia in Pernambuco. The decreasing number of new cases over the years is evident and reflects greater state assistance with the population’s mental health.

Degradation of the Vila Maria Spring in Garanhuns–PE

This research aimed to analyze the degradation of the Vila Maria spring, located in the Magano neighborhood in the municipality of Garanhuns in the state of Pernambuco. The municipality’s terrain is marked by undulated landform, especially hills, which allied to the accelerated rhythm of urban expansion without adequate planning, resulted in the occupation of risk areas such as slopes as well as environmental protection areas such as the adjacencies of springs. The analysis was carried out through a terrain modeling process in a geoprocessing environment and by data collected on visits to the study area. An analysis of the region’s NDVI from years 2008 to 2018 was also performed. The analysis confirmed the Vila Maria spring’s water degradation and found that it was aggravated by an inadequate disposal of rainwater through surface water drains which contributed to the intensification of erosive processes that generated a gully in the vicinity. The NDVI analysis found low average values with an increase from 2008 to 2018 during the wet season. This fact can be explained by the constant urban expansion which as has been utilizing slopes from the microbasin for the disposal of rainwater which allied to the constant flow of the Vila Maria spring, provides a constant supply of water to the vegetation cover. Moreover, it was possible to observe the misuse of the spring’s water flow by the public administration which has most of its flow integrated to the surface water drainage system and it is disposed at the bottom of the slope going through a high risk of contamination.

Cercopithifilaria bainae in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks from dogs in Brazil

Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) ticks act as intermediate host for a range of canine vector-borne pathogens, including nematodes ranked in the genus Cercopithifilaria. Though being the object of several studies in the last years, information on the distribution of these parasites is still lacking. In this study, the occurrence of Cercopithifilaria spp. was investigated in on-host population of R. sanguineus s.l. collected from naturally infested dogs. Ticks (n=1906, including one larva, 294 nymphs and 1611 adults) were sampled on domestic dogs (n=155) living in the municipality of Garanhuns (northeastern Brazil). Tick collections (n=36) were performed every 8 days, from October 2015 to June 2016. Filarioid larvae detected at tick dissection were morphologically and morphometrically identified at species level. At the end of the study, only R. sanguineus s.l. ticks were collected, with the highest number in January 2016 (n=254) and the lowest in June 2016 (n=26). Out of 1906 dissected ticks, 2.68% (51/1906) harboured Cercopithifilaria bainae larvae, whose identification was molecularly confirmed, with a nucleotide identity of 99% with C. bainae. Data here reported indicate that, in the study area, R. sanguineus s.l. is the predominant tick infesting domestic dogs. Accordingly, these animals are at a high risk of C. bainae infection.

Perfil de sensibilidade antimicrobiana in vitro de Staphylococcus aureus isolado de mastite subclínica bovina

Com o objetivo de determinar o perfil de sensibilidade antimicrobiana in vitro foram estudadas 83 amostras de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas de mastite subclínica bovina, em rebanhos leiteiros do município de Garanhuns, PE. Ao se utilizar a técnica de difusão em ágar, 79 (95%), amostras demonstraram resistência à penicilina G e 73 (88%) à ampicilina. Frente às demais drogas testadas, 100% das amostras foram sensíveis à cefalotina, 79 (95%) à enrofloxacina, 77 (93%) à tetraciclina, 76 (92%) à eritromicina e clindamicina, e 65 (78%) à gentamicina. Das amostras provenientes de animais com infecção intramamária recente, 91 e 87% foram resistentes à penicilina e ampicilina, enquanto 100 e 89% daquelas de infecção crônica foram resistentes àquelas drogas, nessa ordem. Dentro da categoria "infecção crônica", houve diferença significativa entre a eficácia de penicilina e ampicilina (P<0,01). A resistência a dois antimicrobianos simultaneamente foi a mais frequente, cujo perfil penicilina+ampicilina observado em 55 (66%) das amostras avaliadas. Os resultados deste trabalho demonstraram que a resistência às penicilinas é frequente em Staphylococcus aureus isolado de casos de mastite subclínica em rebanhos de bovinos leiteiros do município de Garanhuns, Pernambuco.

Pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. em grupos ocupacionais no Estado de Pernambuco

This study aimed at determining the prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in occupational groups in the municipality of Garanhuns - State of Pernambuco, Brazil. One hundred fifty-five samples were collected, and a questionnaire for analyzing risk factors was applied. The serological diagnosis was performed by using Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). The prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. Was 5.19 % (8/154, CI 2.27 % - 9.98 %). Among the participants from urban areas the prevalence was 5.68 % (5/88, CI 1.87 % - 12.76 %), and 4.55 % in rural areas (3/66, CI 0.95 % - 12.71 %). The most common serotypes were Grippotyphosa (12.5 %) in rural areas, and in the urban area was Autumnalis (12.5 %); Wolffi (25 %) and Australis (50 %) were observed both in rural and urban areas. In analyzing the risk factors, no association was observed between variables and serology reactivity. This study has been the first report on the detection of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in urban and rural workers of the municipality of Garanhuns. This finding points out the care and the performance of studies in areas of low or silent prevalence for leptospirosis, for implementing prevention and control measures.

Pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. em grupos ocupacionais no Estado de Pernambuco

This study aimed at determining the prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in occupational groups in the municipality of Garanhuns - State of Pernambuco, Brazil. One hundred fifty-five samples were collected, and a questionnaire for analyzing risk factors was applied. The serological diagnosis was performed by using Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). The prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. Was 5.19 % (8/154, CI 2.27 % - 9.98 %). Among the participants from urban areas the prevalence was 5.68 % (5/88, CI 1.87 % - 12.76 %), and 4.55 % in rural areas (3/66, CI 0.95 % - 12.71 %). The most common serotypes were Grippotyphosa (12.5 %) in rural areas, and in the urban area was Autumnalis (12.5 %); Wolffi (25 %) and Australis (50 %) were observed both in rural and urban areas. In analyzing the risk factors, no association was observed between variables and serology reactivity. This study has been the first report on the detection of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in urban and rural workers of the municipality of Garanhuns. This finding points out the care and the performance of studies in areas of low or silent prevalence for leptospirosis, for implementing prevention and control measures.