Municipal Solid Waste Recovery Research Articles

Optimizing municipal solid waste recovery through density-based waste plastic segregation

Optimizing municipal solid waste recovery through density-based waste plastic segregation

Unlocking Energy from Waste: A Comprehensive Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Recovery Potential in Ghana

Unlocking Energy from Waste: A Comprehensive Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Recovery Potential in Ghana

Research Regarding the Energy Recovery from Municipal Solid Waste in Maramures County Using Incineration

This paper presents a part of the study referring to exploring Energy Recovery from Municipal Solid Waste in Maramures County. In order to analyze the possibility of energetic recovery of municipal solid waste (MSW), data referring to the management system of MSW from Maramures county were cumulated and processed in a first stage in order to estimate the quantity of municipal solid waste and its composition, which might be recovered energetically. In the next stage, samples of municipal solid waste were collected from landfills, which were submitted to specific processing and analyses. The experimental data were processed and in the end the energy potential of municipal solid waste from Maramures county was found. This study will help stakeholders and those involved in waste management to assess the possibility of energy recovery. The analysis of the study concluded that municipal solid waste in Maramures County is a potential source of renewable energy.

Waste energy recovery simplify assessment

The paper deals with research on the energy recovery of municipal solid waste and the related impact of the recovery on the environment. Through research steps, analyses of the current production of waste, its energy recovery and the impact on the environment were gradually performed in the Prešov self-governing region in Slovakia. A simplified comparison was made between the impacts of the current landfill method and the proposed incineration method. In terms of forecasts for the development of municipal solid waste produced in the coming period, scenarios of solid municipal waste treatment possible alternatives for the future period are outlined by the help of the electronic monitoring platform.

Investigation of knowledge, attitude, and practice of Tehranian women apropos of reducing, reusing, recycling, and recovery of urban solid waste.

This paper aimed to explore knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of women towards the municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Tehran, Iran, to provide a basis for experts and decision-makers to develop or improve practical waste management strategies. Women's contribution could markedly promote accomplishment of MSW management strategies, which has been neglected in many developing countries. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two stages: first, a random sample of 384 respondent women was selected from the 22 urban districts of Tehran, then 64 of them were randomly selected and trained face-to-face. The second phase was aimed at determining the effectiveness of face-to-face training and its impact on women's performance in waste management. In both stages, data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire containing 21 questions in four categories. Chi square (χ2) and Pearson correlation tests were applied to identify the association among variables. Results indicated that 69.6% and 72.9% of the women had adequate knowledge and attitude, respectively, while only 46.0% performed moderate practice on MSW management. Overall, significant association between education level, occupation, and marital status of the women with KAP towards reduction, reuse, recycling, and recovery of MSW were yielded (p < 0.05). Adequate knowledge and positive attitude did not necessarily lead to the proper practice in this study. However, face-to-face training positively affected women's practice in solid waste recycling and source separation. Conducting training programs and motivation of women by municipalities and decision-makers to elevate women's environmental performance could substantially promote MSW management strategies in developing nations.

Co-combustion of coal processing waste, oil refining waste and municipal solid waste: Mechanism, characteristics, emissions

This experimental research studies co-combustion of wet coal processing waste (filter cakes) with typical municipal solid waste (wood, rubber, plastic, cardboard) and used turbine oil, as combustible components of composite liquid fuel. Ignition mechanisms and characteristics of single droplets of three fuel composition groups have been investigated in a motionless heated air with using a high-speed video recording system. Analyzing video frames, a physical model of the process under study was developed. The values of the guaranteed ignition delay times have been determined for three fuel groups with different compositions at the ambient temperature 600–1,000 °C. The minimum values of ignition delay times are about 3 s, the maximum ones are about 25 s. In addition to the established difference in the ignition delay times, the various fuel compositions also differ in combustion temperatures. Maximum values reaching 1,300 °C for compositions with 10% of used oil. It has also been determined that fuels with municipal solid waste are notable for lower nitrogen and sulfur oxide concentrations in flue gases as compared to filter cakes in initial state. Adding used oil to such fuel compositions increases the anthropogenic emissions but these worsening environmental characteristics do not exceed the regulated allowable limits of pollutants for solid fossil fuel combustion by thermal power plants. The obtained results are the backbone for the development of an environmentally friendly, cost- and energy-efficient co-combustion technology for municipal solid waste recovery by burning it as part of composite fuels, e.g., in boiler furnaces instead of coal.

Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste Recovery by Conversion into Added-Value Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Biogas

The integrated-multistage process proposed herein is a practical example of a biorefinery platform in which the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is used as a valued source for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and biogas production. Technical and economical feasibilities of this approach have been demonstrated at pilot-scale, providing a possible upgrade to traditional biowaste management practices, presently based on anaerobic digestion (AD). A pH-controlled OFMSW fermentation stage produced a liquid VFA-rich stream with a high VFA/CODSOL ratio (0.90 COD/COD) that was easily used in the following aerobic stages for biomass and PHA production. The solid fraction was valorized into biogas through AD, obtaining energy and minimizing secondary flux waste generation. The reliable biomass enrichment was demonstrated by a stable feast-famine regime and supported by microbial community analysis. The selected consortium accumulated PHA up to 55% wt. Compared to the traditional AD process in an urban sc...

Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Reduction by Resource and Energy Recovery of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Reduction by Resource and Energy Recovery of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

Seed-induced Hydrothermal Synthesis of Tobermorite from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Fly Ash

Resource recovery of municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerator fly ash is widely concerned. Tobermorite, an important but rare naturally mineral, could not be directly hydrothermal synthesized from it owing to its high content of Ca but low concentration of Si and Al. The selected external silicon-aluminum additives including coal fly ash (CFA), bentonite, kaolin and diatomite were solely or combined added. With the addition of 30% mass composite additive in which the ratio of quality for CFA and diatomite is 1:1, tobermorite could be synthesized most effectively in 48h at 150°C, mainly attributing to the proper element proportion adjusted by additives. Tobermorite seed added could not only promote the large formation of tobermorite, but also inhibit the production of hibschite and kaotoite. Since Ca/(Si + Al) = 1.20 and Al/(Si + Al) = 0.20, addition of 30% mass of composite additive and 3% mass of tobermorite seed would be the recommended technological parameter.

The impact of the policy of municipal solid waste source-separated collection on waste reduction: a case study of China

To fight against environmental pressure arising from growing municipal solid waste (MSW), the program of MSW source-separated collection has been launched in eight pilot cities of China since 2000. What is the impact of this pilot program on waste generation? Based on the city-level data for 1998–2012, this study examines its impact on per capita amount of MSW by employing panel data model and inverse probability weighting method. It is shown that the policy of MSW source-separated collection has insignificant influence on reduction of per capita quantity of MSW while consumption expenditure per capita, average household size and average education level significantly accelerate per capita waste generation. Although the program of MSW source separation has not led to significant waste reduction in our analysis, source separation has provided the basis for reuse, recycling and recovery of MSW by classifying waste into categories of recyclable and recycling materials. In response to the pressure of growing MSW as a result of industrialization, urbanization and economic growth, source separation is the best approach to waste management to reduce the burden of waste disposals. Therefore, it is necessary to facilitate public participation in source separation by adoption of mixed policies combining voluntary with mandatory as well as education approaches.

Airborne microorganisms in a municipal solid waste recovery system.

The types of bacteria and fungi present in the air of a municipal solid waste recovery system have been characterized and the population densities estimated. Conventional methods were successful in enumerating coagulase-positive staphylococci, Klebsiella spp., gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and common indicator organisms. Selective and enrichment media, however, did not yield Salmonella isolates. Salmonella and Shigella were recovered at a frequency of 3% or less on trypticase soy agar. A broad spectrum of bacteria and fungi were isolated. No evidence has been found that indicates that these organisms have produced adverse health effects.

Operational and economic aspects of municipal solid waste recovery systems: Shredding and air classification

This article examines the Ames Solid Waste Resource Recovery System which has been in operation since November of 1975. The shredding and air classification are each treated as a subsystem of the process. Labor and energy requirements and cost of processing a unit mass of refuse through each subsystem are examined. Observations are based on an analysis of the facility's operation from July 1977 through June 1978.

Precision of the all-glass impinger and the andersen microbial impactor for air sampling in solid-waste handling facilities

A method was devised to determine the precision of the all-glass impinger and the Andersen six-stage microbial impactor over a wide range of aerosol concentrations like those found in facilities which process solid waste. Simultaneous samples were collected inside a municipal solid-waste recovery system, and the data were treated statistically to estimate the precision of each air-sampling device. All-glass impingers yielded colony counts which indicated a linear relationship between samplers over an observed aerosol concentration of 1.1 X 10(3) to 2.8 X 10(7) colony-forming units per m3 of air. Impactors also yielded colony counts which indicated a linear relationship over an observed aerosol concentration range of 3.9 X 10(3) to 1.9 X 10(5) colony-forming units per m3 of air. The coefficients of variation for the all-glass impinger and the six-stage impactor in an environment with a high and variable dust level were determined to be 0.38 and 0.23, respectively.

Coliforms in aerosols generated by a municipal solid waste recovery system

Airborne total and fecal coliform concentrations averaged 2.1 X 10(3) and 9.9 X 10(2)/m3, respectively, inside an operating solid waste recovery system. Installation of dust control equipment reduced these levels by 50%. Frequency of recovery of coliforms also dropped by 15%.

Processing and Recovery of Municipal Solid Waste

Solid waste is rapidly becoming a major pollutant. Instead of mere disposal, solid waste may be considered a resource for reclamation or by-product manufacture. Overall systems for processing and recovery of solid waste may include three major component subsystems: size reduction, separation and recovery processes. Available performance and cost characteristics of equipment and systems in all three areas are summarized. Promising systems for solid waste processing and recovery are identified and the need for additional information from research and demonstration projects is stressed. It is concluded that the manufacture of by-products from solid waste may offer more long-term economic potential than material salvage alone, and that while solid waste processing and recovery may never become economic in the classical engineering sense, the social costs associated with disposal-oriented methods of solid waste management may provide a strong motivation for continued development of solid waste recovery techniques.