Municipal Network Research Articles

PREVALÊNCIA DOS SINTOMAS DO TDAH EM CRIANÇAS COM BAIXO RENDIMENTO ESCOLAR SUBMETIDAS AO P.A.P.E. NO ANO 2022 EM PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE

Specific learning disorder impairs the brain's ability to process information, affecting around 30-40% of students. These disorders represent 35-45% of mental health visits and 35% of visits to pediatricians. In 2018, Presidente Prudente/SP launched the Specialized Pedagogical Support Program (PAPE) to offer support to students with learning difficulties in the Municipal Network. The study, including 136 students evaluated by MTA-SNAP IV, revealed that ADHD and ODD are common in the school age group, especially in elementary school and more frequent among boys, with inattention being the main characteristic. The research highlighted the effectiveness of the questionnaire in improving intervention and support methods, improving students' quality of life and academic performance. Greater involvement of the Municipal Health Department is recommended to enhance children's care and learning, preventing future problems such as school dropout and difficulties in adult life.

Experimental Study on Quick‐Locking Reinforcement Model for Local Defects in Pipelines in the Rich Water Area

ABSTRACTThe management of local defects in municipal pipelines in water‐rich areas remains a significant challenge, particularly under high‐pressure conditions. This study investigates the performance of quick‐lock steel sleeves as a trenchless repair method through full‐scale experiments on five different pipeline diameters. The experiments focus on the failure modes and critical buckling pressure of the sleeves under external pressure. A novel design model based on structural reliability theory was developed and validated against experimental results. The results show a close match between the calculated and experimental buckling pressures, with a ratio ranging from 0.87 to 1.15. These findings provide valuable insights for the design and application of quick‐lock sleeves in high‐pressure municipal networks. This study contributes to improving the reliability and effectiveness of pipeline repair technologies, offering practical solutions for addressing pipeline leakage and instability in challenging environments.

The evolution of transnational municipal knowledge networks

AbstractThe recent growth of transnational municipal networks requires a better understanding of their evolution. For some actors, this growth has resulted in arbitrary or top‐down decisions on network membership followed by low commitment and inefficient use of time and financial resources. By reinterpreting secondary data through an evolutionary approach, this paper argues that the overall systemic nature of the networks is shaped not only by their institutional settings and the composition of actors but also by a set of specific qualities (coherence, boundedness and unified function) that may change over time. Based on the network perspective and system approach, the paper advances our understanding of transnational knowledge networks and the maximising of their effectiveness. Using exemplars, it suggests a conceptual framework for the evolution of transnational municipal knowledge networks.

The Impact of Administrative Division and Reorganization on the Urban Network in Hodna Region (M'sila, Algeria), Spatial-Temporal Approach

Objectives: This study aims to achieve two main objectives. The first one is determining the characteristics of the municipal network in the Hodna region and describing the most prominent spatial imbalances. The second is the impact of administrative divisions and regional reorganization processes on the spatial distribution and evolution of the population. Methods: The approach adopted in determining the characteristics of the municipal network and evaluating the degree of spatial efficiency is the descriptive, analytical and measurement approach through the application of the shape index and the polygons of Thiessen. The analysis of variation in the spatial distribution of population and spatio-temporal dynamics according to administrative divisions was through the spatio-temporal approach. Results: The results show that the municipalities shapes do not correspond to any spatial logic, as their forms are old and depend on the terrain or social factors. The reorganization of 1974 and 1984 contributed to the reinforcement of the capacities of province and the municipalities by equipping them with new urban functions and many agglomerations have been promoted to extended functions, where the capitals of districts and municipalities were turned from small urban centers to real cities. Conclusions: The administrative division and reorganization of the territory has a significant impact on the urban network and the stability of the population.Therefore, the reorganization has given more finesse and flexibility to the management of the territories by providing them with various public services and administrations inherent to their respective ranks.

THE CHALLENGES OF EJA TEACHERS

The present work aimed to report the experiences of teachers working at EJA in a school in the municipal network of Boa Vista, Roraima. The need to understand the challenges and practices of teaching methodologies in EJA was addressed. The methodology used was content analysis. The results revealed three categories: Category 1 - Training; Category 2 - Challenges; Category 3 - affectivity, which evidenced the way EJA teachers understand the teaching/learning issues of these students. The investigation pointed out that the lack of implementation of public and educational policies represented by the categories analyzed requires a change of paradigms, as well as physical structure, pedagogical/didactic and human resources. In addition to the issue of teacher training to deal with learning difficulties of EJA students. It is concluded that the pedagogical practices that serve both young and adults need to be renewed, but always considering their prior knowledge for more significant learning.

Trans-Local Climate Politics in Ordinary Cities: From Local Agenda 21 to Transition Towns to Climate Emergency Declarations

This article addresses the question of how ordinary cities, conceptualized here in a simplified way as peripheralized small and medium-sized cities, navigate (the complexities of) climate policy and planning. To do so, we elaborate on three temporal waves of trans-municipal environmental politics that have simultaneously shaped municipal climate politics in many places globally: (a) the Local Agenda 21, between 1992–2002; (b) the Transition Towns movement, between 2006 and 2015; and (c) recent climate emergency declarations, in place since 2016. Interestingly, the thousands of participating municipalities include not only the well-known frontrunners but also many small and medium-sized cities. Some have come into contact with climate and transformation issues for the first time, others have even been pioneers for much larger cities. However, the three waves also each have different characteristics in terms of underlying governance models, theory of change and scope of transition, role of planning and civil society, or output orientation. Through the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, an overview of interlinkages between the three climate policy waves in German ordinary cities is compiled from publicly accessible databases. In addition, qualitative impressions allow for statements on the actors of this transformation processes, including municipal governments and councils, civil society organizations and social movements, various bridging agents, and trans-national municipal networks. This perspective on (referential and institutional) continuities is deepened in a case study on the medium-sized town of Marburg, Hesse. As participating cities in all three waves are predominantly located in the Global North, the article aims to also contribute to the application of the “ordinary city model” to regionally peripheralized cities in globally non-peripheral regions.

Unpacking Polycentric Climate Governance: Tracing the Evolution of Transnational Municipal Networks over Time

Abstract All governance systems are polycentric to some extent in that they comprise multiple actors with varying degrees of autonomy. However, there has been limited theorization as to how we might measure polycentricity, even though this could help us unpack networks and understand governance arrangements better. We present three dimensions of governance to conceptualize degrees of polycentricity—governance of networks (internal organization and management at the network level), governance by networks (their impacts at the membership level), and governance with networks (collaboration with other actors at the system level). We then trace the evolution of three transnational municipal networks (the Climate Alliance, Covenant of Mayors, and 100 Resilient Cities/Resilient Cities Network), which are located at different positions along the polycentric–monocentric spectrum. We examine how these networks have become more or less polycentric over time and highlight trade-offs between different dimensions of polycentric governance, most notably governance of and governance by.

WRITING AND READING

This article aims to present the Writing and Reading Project: a Right for Everyone, developed by me for Escola Municipal Expedicionário Aquino de Araújo. The genesis occurs from concerns and questions as a teacher in the Municipal Networks of Rio de Janeiro (1990 to 1995) and Duque de Caxias (since 1987) in relation to learning to read and write by students and teaching by teachers. Throughout the work, the importance of orality is proposed, for two reasons: it precedes writing and is forgotten at school for the construction of a good text. Speaking and writing as different discursive practices in the same linguistic system. Writing as a point of arrival, as it is carried out in the social sphere. Thus, students are guaranteed the use of their citizenship and taught how to produce texts in the most varied situations. Writing will be given relevance because we live in a literate world where different textual genres circulate. How to teach without the main tool? The text. In this case, the literary text. Another occupation is the path to be taken between the starting point and the arrival point: the student's difficulty in elaborating, concatenating and articulating ideas to develop or transcribe what is thought. How to coordinate all this? How to understand and produce a text without other skills: listening, speaking and reading? Another relevant point is the teaching of grammar in the text, that is, the teaching of grammatical content through the handling of texts. Is Productive Language Teaching possible, filled with reflective activities, that is, creating epilinguistic analysis activities?

Meaning and significance of the continued training of physical education teachers at the Londrina Municipal Education Bureau

Continued teacher training is a topic that has been studied by several authors and can be understood as a process of complex and continuous development of reflection and construction about the profession and not a product ready to be consumed. The Municipal Department of Education of Londrina (SME) is responsible for the continued training of all teachers who work in the municipal education network. The present study sought to find out, with the Physical Education teachers of the said network, what the meaning and meaning attributed by them, of the continuous training offered by the SME. For this we used a questionnaire with statements associated with Likert scale of agreement and the theme was divided into three categories: Conception of continuous training; Conception of teaching; Relationship of professional interest-need and offer by SME. For the application of the questionnaire, an email was sent with a link to the form to the 159 teachers from the municipal network who are taking part in the continuous physical education training and 81 teachers participated in the research. The data were analyzed according to the higher incidence of responses that pointed out that teachers consider the continuous training process important for professional development and that it is capable of producing changes in the teaching identity, that they have the conception of being professionals of education and that this requires continuous training, that the continuous training offered by the SME contributes to the professional growth of teachers and that it should prioritize moments of exchange of experiences. We believe that the points raised from the answers should be discussed with the group of teachers and we conclude that it is necessary for the teacher to attribute meaning and meaning to this process. We also concluded that continuing education programs have much to contribute to professional development, based on reflections that favor the construction of teaching identity.

Primary health care organization in municipalities of São Paulo, Brazil: a model of care aligned with the Brazilian Unified National Health System's guidelines.

This study analyzes the main organization patterns used by primary health care (PHC) services in municipal networks and evaluates them according to indicators of local management-administration interface. Evaluative research analyzed 461 municipalities in São Paulo, Brazil, that participated in the Primary Care Services Quality Assessment Survey (QualiAB) in 2017/2018, classified according to the organizational arrangements composition of 2,472 PHC services. Eight indicators of local management and administration were selected to evaluate the identified patterns. Results indicate two groups of municipalities: homogeneous, with services presenting the same arrangement (43.6%); and heterogeneous, with different arrangements (56.4%). These were subdivided into seven patterns that ranged from homogeneous-traditional, homogeneous-Family Health Strategy, homogeneous-mixed, and different combinations in the heterogeneous group. All indicators showed significant differences between groups (p < 0.001), especially the homogeneous-traditional group, which presented an organizational pattern far from the desired model of a comprehensive and problem-solving PHC. Those integrated with family health units (FHU) and basic health units with community health workers and/or family health teams (BHU/FHU) showed a pattern closer to a comprehensive model - with planning and evaluation actions committed to the local reality and qualification of care. Implementation of federal and state policies are essential for defining the PHC health care model adopted by municipalities.

Organização da atenção primária à saúde de municípios de São Paulo, Brasil: modelo de atenção e coerência com as diretrizes do Sistema Único de Saúde

Abstract: This study analyzes the main organization patterns used by primary health care (PHC) services in municipal networks and evaluates them according to indicators of local management-administration interface. Evaluative research analyzed 461 municipalities in São Paulo, Brazil, that participated in the Primary Care Services Quality Assessment Survey (QualiAB) in 2017/2018, classified according to the organizational arrangements composition of 2,472 PHC services. Eight indicators of local management and administration were selected to evaluate the identified patterns. Results indicate two groups of municipalities: homogeneous, with services presenting the same arrangement (43.6%); and heterogeneous, with different arrangements (56.4%). These were subdivided into seven patterns that ranged from homogeneous-traditional, homogeneous-Family Health Strategy, homogeneous-mixed, and different combinations in the heterogeneous group. All indicators showed significant differences between groups (p &lt; 0.001), especially the homogeneous-traditional group, which presented an organizational pattern far from the desired model of a comprehensive and problem-solving PHC. Those integrated with family health units (FHU) and basic health units with community health workers and/or family health teams (BHU/FHU) showed a pattern closer to a comprehensive model - with planning and evaluation actions committed to the local reality and qualification of care. Implementation of federal and state policies are essential for defining the PHC health care model adopted by municipalities.

Pre-appropriation of games about the first-degree equation proposed in textbooks

This article results from a master’s thesis developed in the Postgraduate Program in Science Teaching, whose objective was to analyze the pre-appropriation of games for teaching first-degree equations by mathematics teachers, proposed in textbooks approved by the National Program of the Textbook. The research was guided by the model of appropriation of a new resource, structured in three phases (pre-appropriation, original appropriation, and reappropriation), and the reflective methodology was used based on the Documental Approach to Didactics. This article is limited to analyzing the pre-appropriation phase of the games. Two mathematics teachers from the final years of the elementary school in the municipal network of Recife, Pernambuco, participated in the research. The results highlight the influence of mathematical knowledge for teaching in the instrumentalization process of the games and the different types of planned instrumental orchestrations, in particular, for the use of the equivalent equations game in the classroom.

Can transnational municipal networks mitigate the carbon pollution of the world’s power plants?: an empirical analysis

Transnational municipal networks (TMNs) have been heralded as actors that can avert a climate catastrophe by filling the “emission gaps” left by national climate policies. But can these networks reduce the carbon pollution of power plants, the world’s largest sites of climate-disrupting emissions? Using an international data source on individual power plants, we empirically analyze this issue. Findings reveal that after accounting for their structural properties and the national policies to which they are subject, power plants emit less CO2 when nested in cities that are members of TMNs and this is especially true of plants in less developed countries. In contrast, national climate policies are unrelated to plants’ environmental performance over time. Although our analyses suggest TMNs help to reduce the emissions of the typical power plant, they also indicate they have little bearing on the emissions of the world’s most egregious polluting plants.

Not so polycentric: The stratified structure & national drivers of transnational municipal networks

As members of transnational municipal networks (TMNs), city governments increasingly create a landscape of global governance complementary to but largely independent of traditional, nation-state dominated organizations, from climate change governance to peacebuilding. But a growing number of cities now maintain multiple simultaneous memberships in different TMNs, affording a powerful minority of cities greater representation in world affairs, a skewed landscape that has to date received little attention. To examine the forces shaping this landscape of global governance, we analyze a detailed database of the TMN memberships of over 10,000 cities, observing memberships in both all TMNs collectively and specifically environmentally-focused TMNs.We find that this landscape mirrors the highly stratified core-periphery structure of cities in the world economy, where the most economically powerful cities maintain the most simultaneous memberships in TMNs of both sorts, affording them the greatest ability to set agendas and project ideas within global urban governance. In short, the same 4% of cities that connect the world economy together also have the most representation in global governance. This suggests a markedly more centralized landscape of global urban governance than much of the polycentricity literature expects. We also show how national attributes influence city participation. While democracy matters more for city memberships in all TMNs collectively, national action on global environmental governance matters more for city participation in environmental TMNs. Specifically, cities with more memberships in environmental TMNs tend to be in nations that ratify more international environmental treaties, indicating that participation serves a complementary role to national action. Cities with more memberships in all TMNs collectively tend to be in nations with higher civil liberties scores, indicating that cities from democratic regimes tend to be those most represented in this landscape.

Implementation of Digital Education Tools in the Pedagogical Community

This article is devoted to solving the problem of accumulation, systematization, and translation of the practices of using digital educational technologies in municipal educational organizations. The solution to this problem was implemented by implementing the project “Organization of a system of digital education practices in the urban district of the City of Yelets” in 2022. The project was aimed at involving at least 350 managing and teaching staff, 4000 students in the active practice of using digital educational technologies in educational organizations of the urban district of Yelets (Lipetsk region, Russian Federation) by the end of 2022. To achieve the goal, the implementation of a system of digital education practices in educational organizations of the urban district of the city of Yelets was determined. Continuity and concession are key features of this system.&#x0D; Consequently, the stakeholders are preschool educational organizations, public educational organizations, organizations of additional education, secondary vocational education, and higher education. This system involved the use of such organizational forms as a resource center, a municipal network platform, a pivotal school, and an author’s school, within which approbation, tuning, and dissemination of the experience of using software products, the LECTA digital educational platform, the digital educational environment “Mobile e-education” and directions 3D modeling, digital video and robotics. The key results of the conducted research were quantitative and qualitative indicators. The main problem that has blocked the adoption of digital education tools among the pedagogical community is the belief that they are ineffective compared to full-time education.

Indonesia's City Diplomacy in Promoting Global Sustainability Context through Urban Networks

The present research investigates the function of urban diplomacy in promoting sustainable initiatives in the swiftly urbanising setting of Indonesia. The study concentrates on the way urban networks facilitate the dissemination of knowledge, resources, and optimal practises among local administrations. Through the examination of diverse urban networks, including inter-city partnerships, cross-border municipal networks, and regional programmes, this study underscores their role in bolstering local capabilities and advancing sustainable urban development strategies in domains such as waste disposal, ecological infrastructure, and climate change resilience. Furthermore, the research investigates the supportive function of the national government of Indonesia in urban networks and city diplomacy endeavours, showcasing its dedication to urban sustainability via policies and international collaborative endeavours. The study highlights the capacity of urban networks and city diplomacy to promote global sustainability in Indonesia. It proposes that cultivating strong urban networks and efficient city diplomacy can substantially aid in achieving a sustainable future for both the country and the regional.

Walkability and accessibility around the Unified Educational Centers of São Paulo

The objective of this article is to draw a brief analysis of the walkability and accessibility of the immediate surroundings of some Unified Educational Centers (CEUs) in São Paulo, through the available information on Geosampa and Google Maps websites, related to enrollments in the municipal network in São Paulo. When evaluating the walkability and accessibility in the immediate surroundings of some CEUs in São Paulo, the contrast between the implantation so generous and inviting for the environments inside the CEU and the maintenance of the existing pattern of exclusion of space for the pedestrian’s circulation in its immediate surroundings becomes clear, leading to an invitation to reflect about how we can try to improve walkability in terms of accessibility and safety.

RF Coverage Design for the Implementation of a Broadband Monitoring Service in the Context of 5G-Enabled Smart Cities

As the recent COVID-19 pandemic has aptly demonstrated, emergency scenarios concerning public health and safety may require citizens to remain at home even as patients, potentially in the context of a municipal or national lockdown. Homestay patients may require real-time monitoring, which will offer not only communication but also empirical data and will contribute to developing their personalized electronic health record in knowledge bases. Our paper features an extensive RF coverage design for such a municipally deployed and administered 5G-enabled smart city network, supporting a broadband monitoring service. The antenna deployment for the outdoor urban topology is analytically described (for the downlink channel), and the intrinsic indoor propagation characteristics are considered for the uplink channel. A digital baseband signaling scheme is assumed on the basis of a user-customized health-related monitoring service. Path loss and fading calculations consider the potential worst-case propagation conditions so that the RF coverage will be reliable, leading to a resilient city-wide municipal network.

Diffusion and upscaling of municipal climate mitigation and adaptation strategies in Germany

Drawing on data for the 104 largest German cities, and deeper analysis of six mid-sized cities (including forerunners, followers and latecomers in climate mitigation and adaptation), we find that the spread of local mitigation and adaptation strategies across Germany can be explained by a combination of horizontal diffusion and vertical upscaling. Specifically, while the spread of climate mitigation initiatives in the 1990s was triggered primarily by transnational municipal networks (horizontal diffusion), the development and revision of climate mitigation strategies and the emergence of climate adaptation strategies during the last decade have been driven mainly by national and subnational funding programmes (vertical upscaling). Notably, forerunner cities are less dependent on external funding than followers and latecomers, because they have more internal capacity to act. By arguing that upscaling of local climate policies from forerunners to followers and latecomers depends on interventions by national and subnational authorities, we stress that the majority of German municipalities require external support in order to develop and implement effective climate strategies.

Application of “Linee Guida per la classificazione e gestione del rischio, la valutazione della sicurezza ed il monitoraggio dei ponti e viadotti esistenti”: the experience of Regione Calabria

The “Linee Guida per la classificazione e gestione del rischio, la valutazione della sicurezza ed il monitoraggio dei ponti e viadotti esistenti”, approved by “Consiglio Superiore dei Lavori Pubblici” and adopted by “Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti” (now “MIMS”) with DM 578 of 17/12/2020, introduced a multi-level approach to solving the problem of managing existing bridges and viaducts. In September 2020, as part of the “Piano operativo monitoraggio ponti e viadotti delle reti stradali non ANAS”, Regione Calabria began the census phase of all bridges and viaducts managed by the Provinces and the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria. This phase corresponds to Level "0" of the multi-level approach, which aims to define the risk class of all the viaducts on the not ANAS road network using a hasty method. Subsequently, in August 2021, in collaboration with the Consorzio FABRE, the inspection and drafting of the defect sheets was started for the achievement of the "Level 1" evaluation on a sample made up of more than 50 bridges, selected by concert with the Provinces and the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria among those considered to be at greater structural, seismic and hydraulic risk. This is a large-scale application of the guidelines that, because of the large number of infrastructures involved (over 6,000 between provincial and municipal networks), presents considerable operational difficulties and requires a fast-track approach without losing scientific rigour. The article illustrates, in addition to the methodology adopted (acquisition of data provided by the managing bodies, geolocation procedure of the works, compilation of the database and mapping of the bridges and viaducts surveyed), the time schedule and the progress of the entire project, which aims to ensure the achievement of Level 2 assessment for at least half of the bridges and viaducts of the road network managed by the Provinces and the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria.