Municipal Corporation Of Greater Mumbai Research Articles

Notes on urban visions, the newer sites for discursive struggles: Mumbai 2034

The paper analyses the visioning of the Greater Mumbai-2034 Development Plan (DP-2034) and its content. Our results suggest that visioning practice is essentially a discursive intervention embedded in interpretive struggles. The paper outlines the role of two key planning instruments, Floor Space Index-FSI and No Development Zone-NDZ, which materialised as discursive elements while Mumbai’s urban vision along a de-regulated and market-determined rationale is formulated. Also, to uphold its core view, the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (civic body) exercised its discursive agency through various strategic practices that revolve around framing, rationalisation, scientification efforts and re-designating territorial boundaries. Simultaneously, visioning created a strategic impulse amongst citizens and civil society actors to realise their agency for change, alter their discursive power and emerge as a stronger discursive agent through forming alliances, engaging in independent surveys, imparting planning literacy, peer learning, shadow visioning and canvassing with media. As a result, MCGM was forced to alter its proposals partially. The empirical case argues that visioning exercises present novel openings for actors to negotiate their pre-given subject position, demand participatory forms of urban governance and acquire discursive agency to exercise the right to change.

Examining Determinants of Health among Safai Karmacharis (“Ex-Untouchables” Caste) in Mumbai

The purpose of the two-phase, sequential mixed methods study using Critical Caste Theory (CasteCRT) was to explore the socioeconomic condition, intergenerational caste-based slavery, and health vulnerability of municipal workers associated with the collection, transportation, and landfilling of municipal solid waste in Mumbai. The first phase involved in-depth interviews of 10 Safai Karamcharis and 12 key informants from the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM). Individual interviews inquired about household and parental information, migration history, reasons for migration, work history, and expectations from the municipal corporation. The second phase involved cross-sectional survey of 360 Safai Karamcharis from six municipal wards of the MCGM. To identify the diagnosed causes of death, 100 households were interviewed who had lost their earning member in the previous 3 years. A study of Safai Karamcharis employed in the BrihanMunicipal Corporation of Mumbai found that the policies directed at uplifting of workers have been institutionalizing caste-based occupations. The Warsa Hakka policies of the government assure employment of the Safai Karamcharis’ progeny. Other findings highlighted the need to address precarious working conditions; the need for change in caste-specific recruitment processes; educational, financial, and healthcare support; efforts to address their psychosocial slavery; and freedom to voice their concerns. This paper elaborates the factors that keep generations of Safai Karamcharis in this occupation and recommends practical solutions to break the vicious cycle.

Observed trends and coherent changes in daily rainfall extremes over Greater Mumbai, 1985–2020

Climate extremes are predicted to become more frequent and severe in the future, owing to rising greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. Using appropriate trend indices, this study intends to analyze the effects of climate change on rainfall variability and extreme rainfall events in the millennium city of Mumbai. The analysis was carried out for the period 1985–2020 for 2 stations and 23 stations were selected (2006–2020) later from the dense rain gauge network of Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM). To comprehend the trend and behaviour of rainfall and extreme events, three statistical models were used: Mann–Kendall test, Sen’s slope estimator, and simple linear regression; for abrupt change point detection, Pettitt’s test, standard normal homogeneity test, Buishand’s range test, and von Neumann ratio test were used. The results indicated that average annual rainfall in the study area is 2208.82 mm which is increasing at the rate of 5.18 mm/year (at 99% confidence level). The frequency of heavy (> 120 mm/day) and extreme heavy rainfall events (250 mm/day) increased over Santacruz after 1994 and in the case of Colaba, it increased after 2005. The examination of rainfall and temperature data series for abrupt change point identification suggests that several change points exist, with the highest change points occurring between 2001 and 2005. Extreme climate event scenarios shown here could have large-scale negative consequences for the ecosystem and ecological resources of the study area.

How the COVID-19 infection and deaths are shaped by socioeconomic inequities and air pollution exposure in Mumbai, India?

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused a global health crisis and exposed the low socioeconomic groups to higher exposure and death due to the existing social inequalities. India witnessed three unprecedented waves of COVID infection and deaths. However, a systematic analysis of the impact of socioeconomic inequities and other environmental factors on COVID-19 infection and mortality are not well examined in India. Aim: The present study aims to understand the impact of socioeconomic inequities and air pollution on COVID-19 infection and deaths in Mumbai, India. Methods: Ward-level data on COVID-19 cases and deaths from 24 wards is obtained from the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. Socioeconomic data is acquired from the official Govt. of India 2011 census. Bivariate and multivariate regression is applied to examine the impact of various socioeconomic factors on COVID fatalities and infections. Results: Mumbai reported 1,032,563 positive cases with an overall mortality rate of 18.9. The maximum mortality (41.9) and recovery rate (991.4) were observed in wards B and A in south Mumbai. A significant negative correlation (r=-0.55) was observed between deaths and the total population, irrespective of gender. Education (defined by literacy rate) showed a positive association with the COVID cases for both genders, suggesting no significant disparity based on gender and education (p<0.05). The homeless population depicted a positive correlation with mortality rates and positive cases, indicating the role of economic inequities. The higher population density in the wards may have caused higher mortalities, as suggested by a significant positive association (r= 0.46). Conclusion: Our initial analysis suggests the influence of healthcare and housing affordability on the mortality rates, whereas the total positive cases seem to be driven by the non-slum population. The effect of other socioeconomic variables and air pollution, and multivariate analysis is currently underway. Keywords: COVID-19, Socioeconomic inequity, Air Pollution, Healthcare, Mortality

COVID-19 Serological Survey-3 Prior to Second Wave in Mumbai, India.

Background:Subsequent to serosurveys 1 and 2 for COVID-19 carried out in three wards of Mumbai in July and August 2020, Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai conducted serosurvey 3 in March 2021. This was to identify the extent of exposure by testing specific IgG antibodies against COVID-19.Material and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted to find the prevalence of seropositivity in Mumbai, which included 10,197 samples belonging to patients visiting public dispensaries (slum population, 6006) and private (nonslum population, 4191) laboratories of Aapli Chikitsa network for blood investigations for non-COVID illnesses. The ward-wise number of unlinked anonymous samples from 24 wards was predecided by using probability proportionate sampling. The samples were collected using quota sampling technique as per predecided sample for each ward. These samples collected from nonimmunized individuals were tested for IgG antibodies at the Molecular Biology Laboratory of Kasturba Hospital for Infectious Diseases by chemiluminescence assay (CLIA) method.Results:The overall seropositivity was found to be 36.3% (41.6% in slum and 28.59% in nonslum population). It was more in city wards (38.28%) followed by western suburb (36.47%) and then eastern suburb wards (34.86%), matching with the proportion of cases in these wards during the study period. There was no significant difference in seropositivity among males and females and in different age groups.Conclusions:Seropositivity is higher in slum areas than nonslum areas. It has reduced in slum areas and increased in nonslum areas as compared to findings of serosurveys 1 and 2. This explains the detection of a greater number of cases from nonslum areas in the second wave. The average seropositivity of 36.3% justifies the necessity of immunization on a wider scale in the city. Periodic serosurveys are required at fixed intervals to monitor the trend of infection and level of herd immunity.

A Study on Schemes of Government of Maharashtra and Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai for Sustainable development and Women Empowerment.

Purpose: The main aim of the paper is to study Schemes for Sustainable development and Women Empowerment. Women participation and empowerment are fundamental women's rights to enabling women to have control over their lives and put forth influence in society.Approach: Identifying the perception of the rural and urban women population towards the schemes and adapting to the fast-changing business environment. Skills and entrepreneurship development is a key to improving household productivity, employability and income-earning opportunities for women and also for enhancing sustainable development and livelihoods.Research Limitations: This study is purely theoretical and it is based on secondary data sources. Originality/Value: In this proposed study, the details of different schemes of Maharashtra state Government and Mumbai Municipal Corporation for women shelf Help Groups are showcased and how it is giving direct impact on improving their sustainable socio-economic status. The critical part of education is to empower women through skill and entrepreneurship development. Women are an integral part of our society. Therefore it has become a central issue for empowering women.

A Unified Citywide Dashboard for Allocation and Scheduling Dialysis for COVID-19 Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis.

Introduction:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant global disruption, especially for chronic care like hemodialysis treatments. Approximately 10,000 end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients are receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) at 174 dialysis centers in Greater Mumbai. Because of the fear of transmission of infection and inability to isolate patients in dialysis centers, chronic hemodialysis care was disrupted for COVID-19-infected patients. Hence, we embarked on a citywide initiative to ensure uninterrupted dialysis for these patients.Materials and Methods:The Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) designated 23 hemodialysis facilities as COVID-positive centers, two as COVID-suspect centers, and the rest continued as COVID-negative centers to avoid transmission of infection and continuation of chronic hemodialysis treatment. Nephrologists and engineers of the city developed a web-based-portal so that information about the availability of dialysis slots for COVID-infected patients was easily available in real time to all those providing care to chronic hemodialysis patients.Results:The portal became operational on May 20, 2020, and as of December 31, 2020, has enrolled 1,418 COVID-positive ESKD patients. This initiative has helped 97% of enrolled COVID-infected ESKD patients to secure a dialysis slot within 48 hours. The portal also tracked outcomes and as of December 31, 2020, 370 (27%) patients died, 960 patients recovered, and 88 patients still had an active infection.Conclusions:The portal aided the timely and smooth transfer of COVID-19-positive ESKD patients to designated facilities, thus averting mortality arising from delayed or denied dialysis. Additionally, the portal also documented the natural history of the COVID-19 pandemic in the city and provided information on the overall incidence and outcomes. This aided the city administration in the projected resource needs to handle the pandemic.

The ‘Changing Status’ of Women w.r.t. Gentrified Urban Spaces of Mumbai

Reinforcement of inequality and rise in human conflict across society, culture, political economy and gender relations is a characteristic feature of globalisation which is an apparent process of development. This inequality becomes more evident in a globalising city like Mumbai because the capitalist expansion within Mumbai has been defragmented and worrisome. Girangaon in Mumbai (spread over E, F and G wards within MCGM- Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai) is a case reflecting a similar inconsistency because this is a core area which has been undergoing so called urban renewal since the closure of cotton textile mills since 1980s. More livelihood opportunities in Mumbai have been created in the informal tertiary sector as compared to the formal traditional occupations. Urban poverty, income disparities and deprivations are issues which remain unaddressed. Women who are an important part of the urban economy and who remain behind the veils when it comes to assessment and calculation of real income are not left behind from this brunt. The present paper therefore is an attempt to understand the participation and contribution of women in Mumbai’s economy. It also tries to study whether there has been any change in the socio-economic status of women from Girangaon especially with two important processes- closure of mills and the initiation of gentrification. For this purpose a questionnaire survey was conducted in Girangaon and the collected data has been analysed qualitatively to understand the dynamics of capital and gender relations.

Identification and characterization of chlorine-resistant bacteria from water distribution sites of Mumbai.

Chlorination is the oldest and widely practiced method for disinfection of potable water across the globe but some microorganisms survive the chlorine treatment and become resistant. In this study, chlorine-resistant bacteria were isolated from 36 reservoirs of the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. Water was collected in winter, summer and rainy season. The 8 isolates (out of 89) found to be resistant to 20ppm of chlorine were identified and belong to the Acinetobacter and Serratia sp. The antibiotic resistance profile showed that the isolates were resistant to a broad spectrum of antibiotics which is of concern. Biofilm production was also observed in most of the isolates. Presence of chlorine-resistant bacteria in drinking water is an alarming situation which needs further analysis especially to understand the further characteristics of these isolates for their antibiotic resistance.

Impact of COVID-19 on water and sanitation in Mumbai slums.

Mumbai City (19.07° N, 72.87° E) is the true example of ‘diversity in extreme level’. This well-known city is commonly known as the financial capital of India and is the 12th richest city in the world. Mumbai city (Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai or MCGM) spreads around 437.5 km2, with 12.5 million population as per Census 2011, with a population density of 83,660 per km2 and approximately 6.5 million are living in the slums without proper access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). There is a debatable topic, ‘water is a blessing or a curse?’ We know water means life but in monsoon season these views might lead to conflicts. Mumbai alone has recorded 585.5 mm precipitation in July resulting in severe flooding across the city. The slum communities of Mumbai are at the receiving end of these erratic patterns due to inefficient drainage and lack of basic facilities.
 This pandemic situation has proved again the urgency of WASH. WHO has already listed the COVID-19 virus as one of the most contagious diseases which has been spreading exponentially due to the poor toilet facilities, lack of access to clean water and unhygienic activities in slums. The survey data from different slum communities configures their perception related to WASH and our study links it with the pandemic and the resultant adaptive capacity ranking. Although most of the Mumbai slum has a good literacy rate (69%) but lack of awareness among these slum communities lead to a vulnerable situation. The slum clusters of Mumbai have become COVID-19 hotspots and also resulted in losses of jobs and human lives. Through FCM (Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping) and SWOT analysis, the study discovers present social, technical, and economic aspects and perception of these slum communities to analyze their adaptive capacity towards COVID-19.
 Keywords: WASH, COVID-19, Slum, Mumbai

Pandemic And Urban Sustainability: Analyzing The Covid-19 Scenario In Mumbai, India

The present study analyses the case of urban sustainability in Mumbai in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and aims to identify the relationship between the existing sustainability issues and the spread of the pandemic across the administrative wards of the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. It also tries to delve into the reasons behind the observed relationships to establish the patterns created by the COVID-19 pandemic in Mumbai by the end of August 2020. The study relies on secondary sources of data, that include reports published by government agencies, news articles, journals and websites. The study comprises a large amount of quantitative data that were analyzed using ArcGIS 10.4.1 and SPSS 23. The qualitative data collected through an extensive literature review was used alongside the quantitative data to support the study. The findings reveal that the COVID-19 pandemic had a varied impact across the wards of Mumbai, which was found to be associated with the unequal socio-economic conditions that prevail across the city. This inequality has contributed to Mumbai’s reduced resilience, for building which the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have to be achieved.

Effectiveness of water, sanitation and hygiene-based programme on toilet etiquette and sanitation targeted at primary school children of Mumbai

Background: As per the WHO-UNICEF monitoring report 2012, around 626 million people, or half of the population of India defecate in the open; this explains the high burden of communicable diseases in developing countries like India. In this context present study attempts to assess the effectiveness of school-based awareness programme on toilette etiquettes and sanitation in primary school-going children (mean age 9.27 years.) of Mumbai city. Methods: This is a comparative, before and after study between the interventional group and the comparison group. The study was carried out between July 2016 to March 2017, end line survey was carried out approximate 3 months after programme intervention for both the groups. Stratified random sampling was used to select 3737 students in baseline and 3230 students in end line from 130 primary schools run by municipal corporation of greater Mumbai (MCGM).Results: Knowledge and attitude significantly improved in the end line than the baseline survey exorbitantly for the interventional group than the comparison group. Although the comparison group also exhibited some improvement but there was a marked difference as when compared to the interventional group.Conclusions: An innovative education cum entertainment intervention programmes on basic health and hygiene habits focused on toilette etiquettes and sanitation was conducted. This has influenced the KAP among primary school children of Mumbai city. Though individual behaviour is difficult to mould, short to medium term effects of innovative programmes like WASH are encouraging.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of rabies prophylaxis among medical officers of anti-rabies vaccination clinics of Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai

Background: We conducted the present study to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of rabies prophylaxis among medical officers of anti-rabies vaccination clinics of Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM).Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study in 30 ARV clinics of MCGM. We collected data using pretested, structured, self-administered questionnaire and a facility survey check list. Questionnaire included questions pertaining to epidemiology of animal bite, biologicals supplied, protocols and guidelines for rabies prophylaxis, dosage and route of administration of ARV and training status. We analysed data using Microsoft Excel, 2007. Spearman’s rank correlation and Friedman test was used to examine the relationship between knowledge, attitude, and practice. The results were presented in the form of rates and ratios appropriately and p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Mean knowledge, attitude and practice score of the study participants was 74.6%, 68.7% and 41% respectively. The difference between knowledge, attitude and practice was statistically significant (p<0.01). Knowledge poorly correlated with attitude (r=0.18) and practice (r=0.13).Conclusions: In Mumbai ARV clinics are uniformly spread in the community. All the clinics are well equipped and staffed. There was no shortage of vaccine in any centre. Counselling of patients was done in all ARV clinics however there was lack of patient education materials. Knowledge of medical officers in respect of dose, route of administration, site of vaccination and schedule of vaccination of anti-rabies vaccine was good. The knowledge of immunoglobulins was poor. Knowledge poorly correlated with attitude and practice.

Rationalization of automatic weather stations network over a coastal urban catchment: A multivariate approach

The establishment and maintenance of an exhaustive hydrometeorological network are challenging tasks in densely populated coastal cities having erratic rainfall patterns. The current study proposes a robust statistical framework to rationalize an existing Automatic Weather Station (AWS) network which monitors multiple hydrometeorological observations to obtain maximum information at an optimal cost. This framework combines multivariate statistical approaches and multi attribute decision making techniques. We have demonstrated the proposed framework utilizing rainfall and relative humidity information from the existing AWS network across Mumbai city. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is performed on daily rainfall and relative humidity datasets, followed by Technique of Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to rank the stations based on their capability to capture spatiotemporal variability. Out of the initial 60 AWSs established by the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) with the primary objective of addressing Mumbai city's flood-susceptibility problem, 35 AWS data are used for this analysis on grounds of data completeness and reliability. Our analysis reveals that the spatiotemporal information of relevant hydrometeorological observations can be proficiently collected by a rationalized network of 22 AWS and that this may bring down network maintenance costs. The flood inundation and hazard maps for the Mithi catchment, one of the major flood hotspots of the city, are derived from the existing network and the rationalized network. The comparison of maps highlights the high accuracy of the rationalized network to reproduce the spatial characteristics of floods across the catchment. Our study presents a first-of-its-kind attempt to evaluate the performance of the rationalized network at flood inundation and hazard level derived from comprehensive 1-D and 2-D hydrodynamic approaches. The proposed generic framework can be utilized to reassess the precision and efficiency of various existing hydrometeorological monitoring networks at a regional-to-national scale and to achieve maximum spatiotemporal information from multiple hydrometeorological observations but at optimum maintenance cost.

Epidemiological study to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the occurrence of monsoon-related diseases in the city of Mumbai.

Background:The onset of monsoons in Mumbai poses an additional health disease burden in the form of rising vector-borne and water-borne diseases such as dengue, malaria, leptospirosis, hepatitis, typhoid, chikungunya, and acute gastroenteritis. These monsoon-related illnesses are preventable with hygienic and sanitation measures that are likely to have been adopted during COVID-19 pandemic.Aim:To assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the occurrence of monsoon-related diseases in the city of Mumbai and find out determinants of variations if any.Material and Methods:This was a retrospective descriptive study. Universal sampling was done using secondary data collected from the Epidemiological Cell of Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM). Data mining was performed to obtain the trends of the monsoon-related diseases in Mumbai.Results:COVID-19 pandemic has remarkably affected the city of Mumbai with approximately 3 lakh cases till December 2020. MCGM has taken a lot of efforts resulting in a recovery rate of close to 95% with less than 3% mortality. With the effective use of social behavior change communication, which focused on masks, frequent hand washing, and social distancing, there seems to be a decline in monsoon-related illnesses in the year 2020 as compared to the previous two years of 2018 and 2019.Conclusion:Monsoon-related illnesses are impacted by behavior and lifestyle modifications like hygiene and environmental sanitation practiced during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study highlights the importance of these universal hygienic practices and their utility in the long-term reduction of monsoon-related illnesses.

Use of offline artificial intelligence in a smartphone-based fundus camera for community screening of diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose:The aim of the study was to analyse the reliability of an offline artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for community screening of diabetic retinopathy.Methods:A total of 1378 patients with diabetes visiting public dispensaries under the administration of the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai between August 2018 and September 2019 were enrolled for the study. Fundus images were captured by non-specialist operators using a smartphone-based camera covering the posterior pole, including the disc and macula, and the nasal and temporal fields. The offline AI algorithm on the smartphone marked the images as referable diabetic retinopathy (RDR) or non-RDR, which were then compared against the grading by two vitreoretinal surgeons to derive upon the sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm.Results:Out of 1378 patients, gradable fundus images were obtained and analysed for 1294 patients. The sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing RDR were 100% (95% CI: 94.72–100.00%) and 89.55% (95% CI: 87.76–91.16%), respectively; the same values for any diabetic retinopathy (DR) were 89.13% (95% CI: 82.71–93.79%) and 94.43% (95% CI: 91.89–94.74%), respectively, with no false-negative results.Conclusion:The robustness of the offline AI algorithm was established in this study making it a reliable tool for community-based DR screening.

Protocol for a case–control study of vitamin D status, adult multidrug-resistant tuberculosis disease and tuberculosis infection in Mumbai, India

IntroductionVitamin D status may be an important determinant of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) infection, progression to disease and treatment outcomes. Novel and potentially cost-effective therapies such as vitamin D supplementation are...

Whole Genome Sequencing Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections Among Healthcare Workers in India with Increased Severity in the Second Episode

Background: Frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) are exceedingly exposed to SARS-CoV-2 and reinfections are a possibility. A RT-PCR positive test does not confirm reinfection. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of the viral isolates from the different episodes can confirm a reinfection. Methods: RNA was extracted from nasopharyngeal plus oropharyngeal samples from four HCWs who were SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive in May/June and then again in July. Anti-NC antibody testing was performed after the second infection in three HCWs. The RNA was subjected to whole genome sequencing and comparative genome and protein-based functional annotation analyses were performed on the nucleotide and amino acid sequences. Findings: Whole genome sequencing of the eight SARS-CoV-2 viral samples generated a genome coverage ranging from 82.55 to 98.23%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that sequences belonged to the L clade and within this major clade; they clustered into India-specific A2a and A4 clades. A total of 39 mutations were identified within the eight genomes, including 22 non-synonymous, 16 synonymous, and 1 stop-coding substitutions. Comparative genomic and protein-based annotation analyses revealed differences in the presence and absence of specific mutations in the virus sequences from the first and second episode in all four paired samples. Three HCWs were negative for anti-NC antibodies after the second infection.Interpretation: Genomic variations observed through whole genome sequencing coupled with clinical presentation confirm reinfections of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers. Funding: Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai, ICGEB core funding, MLP-2005 and Fondation Botnar grants.Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests.Ethics Approval Statement: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kasturba Hospital of Infectious Diseases; IRB number 015/2020. The patients provided written informed consent.

Physiotherapy management of COVID-19 patients in acute set up of government tertiary care hospital: A case series

The entire world is in the grip of COVID-19. India is under lockdown since 24th March 2020. On 19th April 2020 our Institute, a Tertiary Care Hospital, was declared as COVID-19 dedicated Hospital by the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai.13th May onwards, Physiotherapy School & Centre, an integral part of the above mentioned institute, was called upon to offer their services to the COVID-19 patients. This paper aims to share our physiotherapy professional experiences and challenges faced as front liners in treating critically ill patients with COVID-19 admitted in Intensive Care Unit through case series of 4 patients. Keywords: COVID-19, Physiotherapy, ICU.

Physiotherapy Management of a Middle-Aged Adult Male with Severe Symptoms of Coronavirus Disease-19: A Case Report

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has affected people of various age groups with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic or mild to severe respiratory failure, with mild symptoms requiring little or no medical intervention whereas severe symptoms requiring hospitalisation and prompt medical management. The following case report illustrates about recovery of a patient with severe symptoms of COVID-19 in a COVID dedicated tertiary care hospital run by the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. Physiotherapy has long been a part of multidisciplinary team in management of patients with severe respiratory illnesses. The report mainly presents about the Physiotherapy management undertaken for the above-mentioned patient parallelly to the Medical management aiding in recovery of the patient.