Mung Bean Sprout Extract Research Articles

The Effect of Mung Bean Sprout Extract (Phaseolus radiatus L.) on Catalase Levels in Male Wistar Rats Induced Paraquat Herbicide

Background Exposure to herbicide paraquat affects the body's organs of antioxidants that can exceed the capacity of antioxidant enzymes in the human body which causes the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). cause oxidative stress. This causes the endogenous antioxidants to decrease so prevention requires exogenous antioxidants such as mung bean sprout supplements. The effect of mung bean sprouts can reduce oxidative stress caused by the herbicide paraquat. This study aimed to determine the effect of mung bean sprout extract on catalase levels in male Wistar rats induced with paraquat herbicide. Methods This research is experimental with a posttest-only controlled Group Design. The research subjects were 25 male Wistar rats randomly divided into 5 groups, namely K1, K2, K3, K4, and K5. Groups K3, K4, and K5 were given a green bean sprout extract supplement at 21.6 mg/200 g BW/day, 43.2 mg/200 g BW/day, and 86.4 mg/200 g BW/day. 16 blood samples were taken for examination of catalase levels. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results The mean catalase level was highest in the K1 group compared to the K3, K4, and K5 groups. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test on catalase levels showed a significant difference between groups (p=0.000). Conclusions Supplementing green bean sprout extract with doses of 21.6 mg/200 g BW/day, 43.2 mg/200 g BW/day and 86.4 mg/200 g BW/day could increase catalase levels in male Wistar rats induced by paraquat herbicide.

The Growth of Red Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) After Application of Bean Sprouts Extract [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] on Murashige and Skoog Medium In Vitro

Red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) is a commercially valuable vegetable known for its high nutritional content and immune-boosting properties, making it popular among the Indonesian population. However, red spinach cultivation in Indonesia is still relatively low and inconsistent, necessitating efforts to enhance its cultivation. One potential approach is through in vitro culture techniques. This study aimed to investigate the impact of applying mung bean sprout [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] extract on Murashige and Skoog medium, focusing on identifying the most effective concentration for in vitro growth of red spinach explants. The experimental design employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five concentration levels: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Each concentration was replicated five times, with each replication consisting of five red spinach seeds in individual culture bottles. Data analysis involved Levene's test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test at a significance level of 5%. The findings revealed that the application of mung bean sprout extract significantly influenced the height of plantlets, leaf count, root length, fresh weight, and soluble carbohydrate content of red spinach. The most effective concentration for promoting red spinach explant growth was determined to be 5%.

Effect of Germination and Illumination on Melatonin and Its Metabolites, Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Activity in Mung Bean Sprouts.

Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) sprouts are increasingly consumed and have become part of a healthy diet. The sprouts are composed of proteins, carbohydrates, and biochemical compounds. During germination, the phytochemical compounds are significantly elevated, especially under stress conditions such as salinity, drought, extreme temperature, and illumination. The present study examined the effects of light and germination time on the bioactive compounds in mung bean sprout extracts. Mung bean seeds were sprouted under different light exposure conditions, and the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of sprout extracts were determined compared to seeds. The results show that tryptophan sharply decreased during germination. On the contrary, melatonin, polyphenols, and total phenolic content (TPC) were elevated with increased germination time, correlated with increased antioxidant activity. Sprouts germinated in the dark presented higher levels of melatonin and TPC compared with those germinated under 12 h light exposure (3.6- and 1.5-fold, respectively). In conclusion, germination can enhance valuable phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of mung bean sprouts. Mung bean sprouts may be a good alternative functional food for promoting human health.

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Kecambah, Ekstrak Tomat dan Pupuk Cair Hayati pada Pertumbuhan Seedling Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.)

The slow initial growth of mangosteen is caused by poor rooting, especially secondary roots and root hairs. Therefore, technology is needed to stimulate root growth so that the absorption of nutrients in the soil becomes effective. This study used mung bean sprout extracts and tomato extracts as natural plant growth regulators (PGRs) combined with the use of biological liquid fertilizers. This research was conducted in the greenhouse of the Horticulture Building, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung from March 2020 to July 2020. The treatments were arranged in a factorial (3x2) in a randomized block design which was repeated 3 times. The first factor was natural PGR, which consists of: without natural PGR, mung bean sprout extract, and a mixture of sprout and tomato extract. The second factor was biological liquid fertilizer, which consists of control and with biological liquid fertilizer. The homogeneity of variance was tested by the Bartlett test, while the data additivity test was tested by the Tukey test. If the assumptions were met, the data was then analyzed by means of variance. The difference in the mean value was tested with LSD at the 5% level. The results showed that the administration of natural PGRs and biological liquid fertilizer did not show a significant effect on all the variables tested. The growth of most seedlings were upnormal due to the presence of root-attacking insect larvae previosuly present in the growing media. With minor disturbance from insect, the control plants showed better plant height (1.85 cm), number of leaves (3.28 pieces), leaf area (15.21 cm2), primary root length ( 3.77 cm), the number of secondary roots (2 strands), and plant fresh weight (3.55 g) than the treatments. Keywords : biological liquid fertilizer, mangosteen, natural PGR

APLIKASI PUPUK KNO3 DAN ZPT EKSTRAK KECAMBAH KACANG HIJAU TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, PENINGKATAN RASA MANIS DAN HASIL MELON (Cucumis melo L.)

This study was aimed to discover the effect of KNO3 fertilizer and growth regulators on the sweetness level of melon and to determine the best dose of KNO3 and growth regulator fertilizers that can increase the sweetness of melon. This study used a randomized block design of two factors, namely: Factor I dose of KNO3 fertilizer with 4 levels: K0 (0g/plant), K1 (6g/plant), K2 (9g/plant), and K3 (12g/plant). Factor II: concentration of mung bean sprout extract with 3 levels: C0 (0 g/l), C1 (100 g/l), C2 (200 g/l). The results showed that the KNO3 fertilizer treatment had no significant effect on all observation variables, while the treatment with mung bean sprout extract at a dose of C1 (100 g/l), showed the best treatment

THE EFFECT OF KIND OF MEDIA ON F0 AND F1 BUTTON MUSHROOM SPAWN GROWTH

Quality spawns are an important factor to support the success of button mushroom cultivation. The quality of mushroom spawn is inuenced by the nutritional composition of the media. The purpose of this study was to determine the best media for the growth of F0 and F1 button mushroom. The research was carried out in March-May 2021 at the Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agroindustry, University of Mercu Buana Yogyakarta. The study consisted of 2 series of experiments. This study consisted of 2 series of experiments. The rst experiment was to test the growth quality of F0 champignon on 3 types media, that is potato dextrose agar (PDA),mung been sprout extract media, and white sweet potato media. The second experiment tested the growth quality of F1 button mushroom grown on three types of media, that is corn, barley and sorghum. Both experiment were single factor trials arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications, and each replication consisted of 5 units. The results showed that the growth of F0 button mushroom grown on PDA media and mung bean sprout extract was better than white sweet potato extract media. For the growth of F1 button mushroom, the best media was corn, the second was sorghum and the third was barley.

Optimization of NPK Medium with the Addition of Mung Bean Sprout Extract for Biomass and Lipid Production of Stanieria HS-48 as a Potential Biofuel

Stanieria strain HS-48 from Ciater hot spring, Indonesia contains lipid content in the form of fatty acids that can be used as a raw material for biodiesel. Optimization of the growth medium was used to produce high contents of microalgal lipids. The growth medium in this study utilized NPK medium with the addition of variations in the concentration of mung bean sprout extract 2% and 4%. This study aimed to determine the best concentration of mung bean sprout extract in NPK medium for the highest biomass and lipid production of Stanieria HS-48. The experiments were conducted in airlift photobioreactors (APBR) for 19 days. The highest total cell density of Stanieria HS-48 in NPK medium with the addition of variations in the concentration of mung bean sprout extract 2% and 4% were 6.165 x 106 and 4.702 x 106 cell/ml. The lipid content of the biomass from Stanieria HS-48 on NPK medium with the addition of mung bean sprout extract 2% and 4% were 62.9% and 44.8%. The study showed that the NPK medium with the addition of the concentration of mung bean sprout extract 2% was a good growth medium for increasing biomass and lipid of Stanieria HS-48.

Peningkatan Performa Viabilitas Benih Beberapa Varietas Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Dengan Organik Priming Ekstrak Tauge

Quality seed is one of the determining factors of successful agricultural cultivation. Seeds that have been stored for a long time will experience seed deterioration, which is characterized by a decrease in seed viability. Improving seed viability can be done by seed invigoration. One of the seed invigoration techniques is organic priming by using organic substances extracts that are rich in phytohormones such as auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellins. The purpose of Organic priming is to improve the seed physiological and biochemical condition that related to growing speed, growing simultaneity, and germination. Mung bean sprout extract can be used as an extract for organic priming because it is proven to contain phytohormones. This study aims to determine the interaction between varieties and concentrations of bean sprout extracts and the best combination of varieties and extract concentrations on the viability of rice seeds. The research was carried out in April - June 2020 at the Laboratory of Agricultura Biology, Agriculture Faculty, Lambung Mangkurat University. The experiment was arranged based on Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) 4x6 with Three replications. The variables observed were seeds germination, simultaneity of seedlings growth and speed of seedlings growth. The results showed that the interaction factor between varieties and concentration had a very significant effect on increasing seed viability and the best combination was found in Baroma varieties with concentrations of 20 % and if concentrations higher or lower than 20 % performance of rice seed viability will decrease. The highest percentage of seed germination was found in Baroma varieties with a concentration of 20 % (v4k3), which is 82.67 % not significantly different from Baroma varieties with a concentration of 10 % (v4k2) and INPARA 3 varieties with a concentration of 20 % (v1k3). The highest percentage of simultaneity of seed growth was found in Baroma varieties with a concentration of 20 % (v4k3), which is 81.50 % not significantly different from Baroma varieties with a concentration of 10 % (v4k2), Mutant line No. 14 with a concentration of 20 % (v3k3), and INPARA 3 variety with a concentration of 20 % (v1k3), while the fastest percentage of seed growth rate is in Baroma with a concentration of 20 % (v4k3), which is 29.50% significantly different from all varieties and other bean sprout extract concentrations.

Higher NPK nutrients absorption due to the use of humic acid affects the growth and yield of baby corn applied with mungbean extract

This study aims to determine the growth and production of baby corn plants due to application of humic acid and mungbean sprouts extract. The study was conducted at the Teaching Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar from March to May 2018. This study used a factorial two-factor design that was arranged based on a randomized block design. The first factor was the application of humic acid consisted of control, 20, and 25 kg ha−1. While the second factor was the mungbean sprout extract concentration consisted of control, 5, 15, and 25 ppm. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, resulted in 36 experimental units. The results show that humic acid treatment can increase NPK uptake by corn plants and improve soil chemical properties. However, the two treatments had no significant effect on the growth and production of the baby corn plants. Application of 25 kg ha−1 humic acid and 25 ppm mungbean sprouts extract showed the best results on the parameters of the plant height (107.28 cm) and the highest number of leaves (15.56 leaves). Highest production per hectare was obtained both from the application of 20 kg ha−1 humic acid and 5 ppm of mungbean sprouts extract, and application of 25 kg ha−1 humic acid and with 15 ppm of mungbean sprout extract.

Enrichment of organic complex compounds of coconut water and mungbean extract in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morfolium L.) tissue culture media

A study was conducted aimed to determine the most effective concentration of mungbean sprouts extract and coconut water in chrysanthemum tissue culture to promote growth of chrysanthemum plantlet. The trial was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Horticulture Seed Center, Bonto-Bonto District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province from August to December 2017 using a Randomized Block Design. Seven combination of Murashige and Skooge (MS) culture media added with mungbean sprouts extract and coconut water were used as treatments consisted of the addition of 1 ppm BAP synthetic hormone, coconut water (50, 75, and 100 ml/L, respectively) and mungbean sprout extract (20, 40, and 60 ml/L, respectively). The results show that the addition of coconut water and mungbean sprout extracts in the culture media had a significant effect on the parameters of time of shoots emergence, plantlet height, number of leaves, number of roots and root length. The addition of coconut water as much as 75 ml/L showed the best results based on the parameters of the time of shoots emergence. While the addition of mungbean sprout extract with a concentration of 40 ml/L showed the best results based on the parameters of plantlet height, number of leaves and root length.

Preparation of Indigenous Lactic Acid Bacteria Starter Cultures for Large Scale Production of Fermented Milk

<div>Lactobacillus plantarum Dad 13, an indigenous probiotic was examined its ability to be used as a single starter culture or mixed cultures with Streptococcus thermophilus Dad 11 for milk fermentation. Both cultures were isolated from dadih, a traditional fermented buffalo milk. The purposes of this study were to produce indigenous lactic acid bacteria starter cultures using halal growth medium and evaluate their application on large scale fermented milk production. The halal medium was developed using natural compounds such as sucrose, meat peptone, mung bean sprout extract, tomato extract, and young coconut water. Meat peptone was prepared by hydrolysis of halal meat using crude bromelain. Lactic acid bacteria were grown in the halal growth medium then harvested, frozen and freeze-dried. A single freeze-dried starter culture of L. plantarum Dad 13 and frozen mixed cultures of L. plantarum Dad 13 and S. thermophilus Dad 11 were prepared for production of fermented milk drink and yogurt respectively in industrial scale. The growth of these lactic acid bacteria in halal growth medium increased the viable cell to two log cycles (109 CFU/mL) for L. plantarum Dad 13 and one log cycle for S. thermophilus Dad 11 (108 CFU/mL), respectively. The viable cell of freeze-dried L. plantarum Dad 13 and S. thermophilus Dad 11 were 7.57 x 1010 CFU/g and 6.35 x 109 CFU/g, respectively. The number of viable cells and pH of both fermented milk drink and yogurt products was relatively stable to 107 CFU/mL and 108 CFU/mL, respectively during cold storage for four to six weeks. The sensory characteristics of the products were comparable to the ones using commercial starter cultures. It can be concluded that these indigenous starter cultures can be applied for the production of probiotic fermented milk.</div>

OPTIMALISASI PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL EDAMAME (Glycine max L. Merril) MELALUI PEMBERIAN PUPUK NITROGEN DAN EKSTRAK TAUGE KACANG HIJAU

This study was conducted at the experiment garden of Agrotechnology Department, DjuandaUniversity, Bogor, from July to September 2018. The study was aimed at assessing the effects ofthe application of nitrogen fertilizer and mung bean sprout extract on the growth and productionof edamame (Glycine max L. Merril) plants. The experimental design used was a factorialcompletely randomized design. The first factor is the dose of N fertilizer with four levels, namelywithout N (0 kg N / ha), a half recommendation of N fertilizer (34.5 kg N / ha), one recommendationof N fertilizer (69 kg N / ha), and one and a half recommendation of N fertilizer (103.5 kg N / ha).The second factor is the concentration of mung bean sprout extract with four levels, namely withoutmung bean sprout extract (0g tauge extract / l water), a half recommendation of mung bean sproutextract (75g tauge extract/ l water), one recommendation of mung bean sprout extract (150g taugeextract / l water) and one and a half recommendation of mung bean sprout extract (225g taugeextract/ l water). The results showed that the dose of N fertilizer significantly affected the widestleaf area. The concentration of mung bean sprout extract significantly affected the number of shootsat 6 and 7 weeks after planting (MST).Keywords: edamame soybean, N fertilizer, mung bean sprout

Mung bean sprout extract suppresses Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) effect on the reproductive hormones (FSH and Estrogen) in female Wistar rats

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of mung bean sprout extracts on Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estrogen hormone in female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to monosodium glutamate (MSG).Materials and Methods: This true experimental study was conducted by using post-test only control group design in the laboratory for animal experimentation of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - Airlangga University in which Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged 2 months weighing 150-200 grams were used in this experiment. The samples comprised of 5 rats distributed in each group, totaling 7 groups. I Control Group (P1) was provided with Aquades for 37 days; II (P2) was provided with Aquades for 7 days + MSG 0.03 mg/g of weight on day 8-37; III (P3) was provided with extract of mung bean sprouts 72mg/200g of weight on day 1-37 + MSG 0,03mg/g of weight; IV (P4) was provided with extract of mung bean sprouts 144mg/200g of weight on day 1-37 + MSG 0.03mg/g of weight; V (P5) was provided with Aquades for 7 days + MSG 0.7 mg/g of weight on day 8-37; VI (P6) was provided with extract of mung bean sprouts 72mg/200g of weight on day 1-37 + MSG 0.7mg/g of weight; VII (P7) was provided with extract of mung bean sprouts 144mg/200g of weight on day 1-37 + MSG 0.7mg/g of weight.Serum samples were taken for Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Estrogen with ELISA method. Data analysis to test the differences between groups was done by using one way Anova statistical test.Results: MSG dosage 0,03mg/gBB or 0,7mg/g BB was significant difference in FSH (p = 0,011) and estrogen (p = 0,008).Conclusion: obtained from this research that giving green bean sprout extract influence to the level of FSH and estrogen hormone.

Mung bean sprout extract suppresses Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) effect on the reproductive hormones (FSH and Estrogen) in female Wistar rats

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of mung bean sprout extracts on Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estrogen hormone in female Wistar rats ( Rattus norvegicus ) exposed to monosodium glutamate (MSG). Materials and Methods: This true experimental study was conducted by using post-test only control group design in the laboratory for animal experimentation of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - Airlangga University in which Wistar rats ( Rattus norvegicus ) aged 2 months weighing 150-200 grams were used in this experiment. The samples comprised of 5 rats distributed in each group, totaling 7 groups. I Control Group (P1) was provided with Aquades for 37 days; II (P2) was provided with Aquades for 7 days + MSG 0.03 mg/g of weight on day 8-37; III (P3) was provided with extract of mung bean sprouts 72mg/200g of weight on day 1-37 + MSG 0,03mg/g of weight; IV (P4) was provided with extract of mung bean sprouts 144mg/200g of weight on day 1-37 + MSG 0.03mg/g of weight; V (P5) was provided with Aquades for 7 days + MSG 0.7 mg/g of weight on day 8-37; VI (P6) was provided with extract of mung bean sprouts 72mg/200g of weight on day 1-37 + MSG 0.7mg/g of weight; VII (P7) was provided with extract of mung bean sprouts 144mg/200g of weight on day 1-37 + MSG 0.7mg/g of weight.Serum samples were taken for Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Estrogen with ELISA method. Data analysis to test the differences between groups was done by using one way Anova statistical test. Results: MSG dosage 0,03mg/gBB or 0,7mg/g BB was significant difference in FSH (p = 0,011) and estrogen (p = 0,008). Conclusion: obtained from this research that giving green bean sprout extract influence to the level of FSH and estrogen hormone.

The use of Sprout as Precursor for the Production of Indole Acetic Acid by Selected Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Grown in the Fermentor

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the main member of the auxin family that controls many important physiological processes in plant. Such beneficial IAA that produced by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), enhances plant growth and was believed to increase the access to more nutrients in the soil. The precursor for syntetizing IAA is tryptophan, and it was also found in the sprout or other sources of protein. The aim of this study was to investigate the best bacteria and growth medium supplemented with extract of bean sprout or fish meal as the sources of precursor for the IAA production. Several bacterial isolates were screened for highest IAA production. IAA production was measured with High Performance Liquid Chromatography. All of isolates were able to produce IAA and isolates PS1 was selected for the further assay by cultivating under fermentor system. Sequencing of 16S rDNA of PS1 isolate indicated as Acinetobacter sp. The result showed that the highest IAA production during fermetation was 62,428 ppm found in under medium supplemented with mung bean sprout extracts grown in fermentor, after 24 hours incubation.

Total Polyphenols and Bioactivity of Seeds and Sprouts in Several Legumes

Seeds and sprouts from legume crop plants have received attention as functional foods, because of their nutritive values including amino acid, fiber, trace elements, vitamins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Consumption of seeds and sprouts has become increasingly popular among people interested in improving and maintaining their health status by changing dietary habits. The seeds and sprouts are excellent examples of functional food defined as lowering the risk of various diseases and/or exerting health promoting effects in addition to its nutritive value. Phenolic compounds are considered as secondary metabolites that are synthesized by plants during normal development and in response to stress conditions, and the compounds occur ubiquitously in plants as the diversified group of phytochemicals derived from phenylalanine and tyrosine. Plant phenolics include simple phenols, phenolic acids, coumarins, flavonoids, stilbenes, hydrolyzable and condensed tannins, lignans, and lignins. In plant, phenolics may act as phytoalexins, antifeedants, attractants for pollinators, contributors to the plant pigmentation, antioxidants, and protective agents against UV light, among others. In food, phenolics may contribute to the bitterness, astringency, color, flavor, odor, and oxidative stability of products. In addition, health-protecting capacity of some and antinutritional properties of other plant phenolics are of great importance to producers, processors and consumers. Several researches were conducted to compare the content of phenolics and flavonoids, antioxidant activity and antioxidant enzyme activity from seeds and sprouts of legume plants. Total phenolics (TP) content and total flavonoids (TF) level were highest in soybean sprout extracts, followed by cowpea and mungbean sprout extracts (p < 0.05). DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical) free radical scavenging activity was higher in cowpea or mungbean sprouts than in soybean sprouts. Among antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POX) activities were highest in cowpea sprouts and catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in soybean sprouts. During sprouting in mungbean, TP and TF levels significantly increased and improved free radical scavenging, tyrosinase inhibition, anticancer, and ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase) activities, showing higher contents and activities in sprouts than in seeds. Sprouting of seeds is known to increase the nutritive value such as phenolics and flavonoids and the health qualities of foods in a natural way. Phasic bioactive responses from dry seeds to 7-day-old seedlings of cowpea showed differential growth, contents of TP and TF, antioxidant activity and antioxidant enzyme activity. Plant length and weight of cowpea sprouts were significantly increased until 7 days after seeding. TP content, however, was highest in dry seed (DS) extracts of cowpea (63.9 mg kg(1)), followed by imbibed seed (IS) (56.8 mg kg(1)) and 1-day-old sprout (1DOS) (46.4 mg kg(1)) extracts, and significantly reduced with increase of sprout age (p < 0.05). DPPH free radical scavenging activity was higher in DS or IS than in cowpea sprouts. APX, POX, and POX activities were highest in 7DOS and lowest in DS. SOD activity was lowest in DS and much higher in additional sprouting days.

두과작물 새싹의 폴리페놀 함량 및 항산화성 비교

대두, 녹두, 및 동부 종자로 7일간 재배된 새싹나물의 생육, 폴리페놀 함량, 플라보노이드 함량, 항산화성 및 항산화효소 활성 차이를 검토하였다. 작물별 새싹나물의 총 신장은 녹두와 콩이 동부보다 유의적으로 컸으며 생체중은 오히려 콩과 동부가 녹두보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. Folin-Denis방법에 따른 총 페놀 함량은 콩나물의 메탄올 추출물(82.2 mg <TEX>$kg^{-1}$</TEX>)이 가장 높았으며, 그 다음이 동부나물(32.2 mg <TEX>$kg^{-1}$</TEX>), 녹두나물(24.5 mg <TEX>$kg^{-1}$</TEX>) 순으로 나타났다(p < 0.05). 한편, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 총 페놀 함량과 같은 경향을 보였으나 더 낮은 함량이 검출되었다. DPPH 라디컬 소거능은 추출물 농도가 증가할수록 높은 활성을 보였으며 전체적으로 낮은 활성이었으나 동부와 녹두 추출물(44와 42%)이 콩나물(25%)보다 비교적 높은 활성을 보였다. 항산화효소 활성은 APX와 POX활성은 동부가 가장 높았고 그 다음이 녹두, 콩 순으로 나타났고, CAT와 SOD 활성은 콩나물이 동부와 녹두나물보다 높게 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구는 총 페놀 함량(<TEX>$r^2$</TEX> = 0.53 ~ 0.90)과 총 플라보노이드 함량(<TEX>$r^2$</TEX> = 0.47 ~ 0.94)은 항산화성과 항산화효소 활성에 높은 연관성이 있으며, 그 함량과 활성은 작물별로 다르게 나타남을 확인하였다. The study was conducted to determine the content of phenolics and flavonoids, antioxidant activity and antioxidant enzyme activity for the extract from 7 days old sprouts of cowpea (cv. "Seowon"), mungbean (cv. "Owool") and soybean (cv. "Pungsannamulkong"). Sprout length and weight of soybean sprouts were higher than those of cowpea and mungbean sprouts. Total phenolics content [mg ferulic acid equivalents (FAE) <TEX>$kg^{-1}$</TEX> DW] was highest in soybean sprout extracts (82.2 mg <TEX>$kg^{-1}$</TEX>), followed by cowpea (32.2 mg <TEX>$kg^{-1}$</TEX>) and mungbean (24.5 mg <TEX>$kg^{-1}$</TEX>) sprout extracts (p < 0.05). The result of total flavonoid level [mg rutin equivalents <TEX>$kg^{-1}$</TEX> DW] had same tendency to the total phenolics, showing lower amounts. The antioxidant activity of the methanol extracts from all the plant dose-dependently increased. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical) free radical scavenging activity was higher in cowpea (44%) and mungbean (42%) sprouts than in soybean sprouts (25%). Among antioxidant enzymes, APX and POX activities were highest in cowpea sprouts and CAT and SOD activities in soybean sprouts. The results showed that total phenolics content (<TEX>$r^2$</TEX> = 0.5320 ~ 0.9032) and total flavonoids level (<TEX>$r^2$</TEX> = 0.4672 ~ 0.9380) were highly correlated with antioxidant or with antioxidant enzyme activity, and that the level and activity of biologically active substances were different depending on plant species.

Rapid UPLC–ESI–MS/MS method for the analysis of isoflavonoids and other phenylpropanoids

UPLC–ESI–MS/MS method was developed for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of 26 phenolic compounds in plant material, including 15 isoflavonoids (daidzein, genistein, isoformononetin, formononetin, prunetin, biochanin A, daidzin, genistin, ononin, sissotrin, osajin, pomiferin), 5 flavones (apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, quercetin-3-glucoside, rutin), 4 flavanones (hesperetin, naringenin, naringenin-7-glucoside, naringin), a coumestan (coumestrol) and a coumarine (scopoletin). The analytes were detected in a multiple reaction monitoring mode and quantified using internal standards [13C3]daidzin, [2H6]naringenin and [2H4]genistein. Limits of detection were in the range 0.001–10pmolinjection−1. The precision of the method (relative standard deviation) ranged from 2.6 to 15.1% and the accuracy was –22.1 to 16.6%. Application of the method was demonstrated by the analysis of mung bean (Vigna radiata) sprout extract, in which 14 of the 26 analytes were detected and quantified.

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE EFFECT OF MUNG BEAN SPROUT EXTRACTS IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS

ABSTRACT We investigated the efficacy of mung bean sprout in reducing hypertension. Different dosages of raw sprout extract (RSE) or dried sprout extracts (DSE) and enzyme-digested sprout extracts were used in a single intragastric administration test to examine the short-term effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Results indicated that high doses (600 mg peptide/kg body weight) extracts significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the rats after administration for 6–9, 3–6 and 3–9 h, respectively. Plasma angiotensin I-converting enzyme activities in the treated rats also decreased. A long-term (1 month) intervention study that consists of treatment groups of fresh sprout powder, dried sprout powder and concentrated extracts of the sprouts (RSE and DSE, respectively) was carried out. Results indicated that the sprout powders were not as efficacious as concentrated sprout extracts. SBP of the rats in the RSE and DSE groups were significantly reduced during the intervention period from week 1–4 and week 2–4, respectively. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The results suggested that although fresh and low doses of mung bean sprout or sprout extracts did not have apparent antihypertensive effects, high doses of sprout extracts significantly decreased blood pressure in the experimental animals. Therefore, concentrated mung bean sprout juice has potential applications in the preventive management of hypertension. It might be utilized for physiologically functional food with antihypertensive activity.

The Inhibition of Human Pathogens: Trichophyton rubrum and Trichoderma harzianum by a Natural Product

Problem statement: A number of studies have recently conducted to identify novel and potent antifungal components from natural products. One of the reasons is to overcome the antifungal resistant developed against most of commercially available drugs. Studies confirmed that mung beans have increased phenolic compounds and enhanced defenses during germination. Approach: We hypothesized that antifungal activities might be found in sprouts of mung beans, or Vigna radiate (L.) R. Wilczek. The screening method was conducted using disc diffusion assay against 12 fungi. It was followed by the evaluation of the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum fungicidal concentration. Results: The screening results revealed a potential antifungal activity by mung bean sprout extract against 2 out of 12 fungi including remarkable antifungal activity against human fungal pathogens, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichoderma harzianum. The potential antifungal activity of mung bean sprout reflects effective quality/quantity of polyphenolic compounds present after bean germination. Conclusion/Recommendations: This unprecedented study showed that mung bean sprout extract is a potential source for novel antifungal compound (s) that is inexpensive and readily available at a large scale for pharmaceutical companies.