Multocida Vaccine Research Articles

Comparison of two multivalent modified live viral/bacterial combination vaccines in feedlot calves at ultra-high risk of developing undifferentiated fever/bovine respiratory disease

Vaccine 1 (VAC1 group) and Vaccine 2 (VAC2 group) are com­mercially available vaccines labeled for the control of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in beef cattle. There are limited data from large-scale commercial feedlot trials comparing VAC1 and VAC2 arrival processing vaccination pro­grams. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative effects of VAC1 and VAC2 arrival processing vacci­nation programs on animal health, feedlot performance and carcass characteristic outcomes in feedlot calves at ultra-high risk of developing undifferentiated fever/BRD under large-scale commercial production conditions. Animals were randomly allocated at feedlot arrival to 1 of 2 experimental groups: VAC1 or VAC2. Animals in the VAC1 group (6 multi-pen lots; 3,001 animals) received a bovine rhinotracheitis-virus diarrhea-parainfluenza 3-respiratory syncytial virus-Mannheimia hae­molytica-Pasteurella multocida vaccine per animal once at allocation. Animals in the VAC2 group (6 multi-pen lots; 3,005 animals) received a bovine rhinotracheitis-virus diarrhea-parainfluenza 3-respiratory syncytial virus vaccine with a Mannheimia haemolytica toxoid per animal once at allocation. Vaccines differed regarding viral strains, bacterial protection, means for providing bacterial immunity, and adjuvant use. Animals were housed by experi­mental group in commercial feedlot pens and followed from allocation until slaughter. Although histophilosis mortality was higher in the VAC1 group compared to the VAC2 group (P = 0.040), no statistical differences were detected in overall mor­tality or any of the other outcome variables (P ≥ 0.050). The relative cost effectiveness of each arrival processing vaccina­tion program in the study population is therefore dependent on relative program cost.

Gamma Irradiated Pasteurella multocida Vaccine induces strong humoral immunity and protects rabbits from disease

Pasteurella multocida is affecting a multitude of animals and severely affects livestock production. Existing vaccines are mostly chemically inactivated and do not lead to wide protection. Irradiated vaccines are enjoying a renaissance and the concept of “replication defficient but metabolically active” vaccines was recently evaluated in several vaccine trials. P. multocida was isolated from the nasal swab, blood, and lung swab samples from infected rabbits. Gamma irradiation of P. multocida for inhibition of replication was evaluated at an optimized irradiation dose of 10 Kgy established. Four groups of rabbits were (mock) vaccinated with a commercial P. multocida vaccine and three irradiated formulations as liquid, lyophilized formulations with added Trehalose and lyophilized-Trehalose with an “activation” culturing the irradiated bacteria for 24 in broth. Evaluation of humoral immune response by ELISA showed that all three irradiated vaccines produced an effective, protective, and continued IgG serum level after vaccination and bacterial challenge. The IFN-γ expression is maintained at a normal level, within each individual group however, the lyophilized trehalose irradiated vaccine showed peak mean of IFN-γ titer at one week after booster dose (day 21) which was statistically significant. Cumulatively, the results of this study show that gamma-irradiated P. multocida vaccines are safe and protect rabbits against disease. Moreover, Rabbits’ immunization with the three irradiated formulations avoided adverse side effects as compared to commercial polyvalent vaccine, the body weight gain for the irradiated vaccine groups indicates less stress compared to the commercial polyvalent vaccine.

Immunogenicity and efficacy of serogroup A and D bacterins against Pasteurella multocida in mice.

Pasteurella multocida is a widespread respiratory pathogen in pigs, causing swine pneumonia and atrophic rhinitis, and the capsular serogroups A and D are the main epidemic serogroups in infected animals. This study investigated the protective effects of serogroup A and D bacterins against current circulating P. multocida strains, to better understand the immunity generated by bacterins. 13 serogroup A (seven A: L3 and six A: L6 strains) and 13 serogroup D (all D: L6 strains) P. multocida strains were isolated, and used as inactivated whole cell antigen to prepare P. multocida bacterins. Mice were immunized with these bacterins at 21-day interval and intraperitoneally challenged with the homologous and heterologous P. multocida strains, respectively. The antibody titer levels and immunization protective efficacy of vaccines were evaluated. All of the bacterins tested induced high titer levels of immunoglobulin G antibodies against the parental bacterial antigen in mice. Vaccination with the six A: L6 bacterins provided no protection against the parent strain, but some strains did provide heterologous protection against A: L3 strains. Vaccination with the seven A: L3 bacterins provided 50%-100% protection against the parent strain, but none gave heterologous protection against the A:L6 strains. Immunization with the thirteen D: L6 bacterins offered 60%-100% protection against the parent strain, and almost all D: L6 strains gave cross-protection. This study found that the cross-protectivity of serogroup A strains was poor, while serogroup D strains was effective, which provided some insights for P. multocida vaccine development.

Immunogenicity and protection of a Pasteurella multocida strain with a truncated lipopolysaccharide outer core in ducks

Pasteurella multocida infection frequently causes fowl cholera outbreaks, leading to huge economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. This study developed a novel live attenuated P. multocida vaccine strain for ducks named PMZ2 with deletion of the gatA gene and first four bases of the hptE gene, both of which are required for the synthesis of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) outer core. PMZ2 produced a truncated LPS phenotype and was highly attenuated in ducks with a > 105-fold higher LD50 than the wild-type strain. PMZ2 colonized the blood and organs, including the spleen, liver and lung, at remarkably reduced levels, and its high dose of oral infection did not cause adverse effects on body temperatures and body weights in ducks. To evaluate the vaccine efficacy of the mutant, ducklings were inoculated orally or intranasally with PMZ2 or PBS twice and subsequently subjected to a lethal challenge. Compared with the PBS control, PMZ2 immunization stimulated significantly elevated serum IgG, bile IgA and tracheal IgA responses, especially after the boost immunization in both the oral and intranasal groups, and the induced serum had significant bactericidal effects against the wild-type strain. Furthermore, the two PMZ2 immunization groups exhibited alleviated tissue lesions and significantly decreased bacterial loads in the blood and organs compared with the PBS group post-challenge. All the ducks in the PMZ2 oral and intranasal groups survived the challenge, while 70% of ducks in the PBS group succumbed to the challenge. Thus, the P. multocida mutant with mutation of the gatA gene and part of the hptE gene proved to be an effective live attenuated vaccine candidate for prevention of fowl cholera in ducks.

Impact of Dietary Phytogenic Composite Feed Additives on Immune Response, Antioxidant Status, Methane Production, Growth Performance and Nutrient Utilization of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Calves.

The focus on the bioactive effects of plants concerns mainly ruminal microflora for the modulation of rumen fermentation with very little emphasis placed on their consequences on health parameters, including antioxidative and immune stimulating effects. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of supplementing phytogenic feed additives composed of a mixture of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora) and poplar (Populus deltoides) leaf-meal (EPLM) on immune response, antioxidant status, metabolic profile, enteric methane production, growth performance, and nutrient utilization in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves. In vitro studies with graded doses of EPLM extract revealed a reduction in total gas and methane production with an increased proportion of propionate without affecting feed degradability. In the in vivo experimentation, eighteen female buffalo calves (10–14 months old, avg. body weight 131.68 ± 7.50 kg) were divided into three groups (CONT, EPLM-1, and EPLM-2) of six each in a completely randomized design. Treatment groups were supplemented with a blend (1:1) of dry grounded eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora) and poplar (Populus deltoids) leaves (50 g, EPLM-1; 150 g, EPLM-2). Feed intake and growth rate of buffalo calves fed on different feeding regimens did not differ (p > 0.05). Haemato-biochemical parameters reveal no variations (p > 0.05) among groups, irrespective of period of collection, except the concentration of blood urea, which was decreased (p < 0.05) in both treatment groups as compared to the control. The levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased (p < 0.05) in EPLM supplemented animals as compared to CONT. The extent of lipid peroxidation (LPO) was reduced (p < 0.05) with increased level of EPLM in the diet. The total thiol group (T-SH) was also increased with the supplementation of leaves in the diet. The mean absolute values for skin thickness following the intra-dermal injection of PHA-P were increased (p < 0.05) in all the supplemented animals relative to CONT. However, there was no significant difference among the calves fed graded levels of these feed additives in the diet. The Ab titer against Pasteurella multocida vaccine was higher (p < 0.05) on both day 45 and 90 in both treatments, irrespective of the level of additive supplemented. The enteric methane production was reduced in EPLM supplemented buffaloes; however, digestibility of all the nutrients remained comparable (p > 0.05) among the animals. It may be concluded that blends of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora) and poplar (Populus deltoides) leaf-meal (50 g/h/d) containing 3.19 g, 2.30 g, and 0.71 g of total phenolics, tannin phenolics, and condensed tannins, respectively, can be used as the phytogenic feed additive for improving antioxidant status and immunity of buffalo calves, and mitigating enteric methane production without affecting performance and nutrient utilization.

Immune Protective Efficacy of China's Traditional Inactivated and Attenuated Vaccines against the Prevalent Strains of Pasteurella multocida in Mice.

Capsular type A and D strains of Pasteurella multocida are the main epidemic serogroups in pigs in China. In this study, we preliminarily evaluated the immune protective efficacy of the two traditional vaccines, an inactivated C44-1 aluminum-hydroxide-gel-adjuvanted (Alh–C44-1) vaccine and a live EO630 vaccine, against currently circulating strains of P. multocida in a mouse model. Mice immunized twice with conventional vaccines generated higher antibody titers, and significantly higher levels of IgG were observed in the mice inoculated with the inactivated Alh–C44-1 vaccine on day 35 (p < 0.05) than those with the live EO630 vaccine. The mice immune protection test showed that the vaccination groups had a 57% or 71% protection effect against the serogroup B strain, but had no protective effect against epidemic strains. In conclusion, our study found that the widely used traditional P. multocida vaccines in China provide good protection against homologous strains, but could not provide cross-protection against heterologous strains in a mouse model.

Biomarkers, immune responses and cellular changes in vaccinated and non-vaccinated goats during experimental infection of M. haemolytica A2 under tropical conditions

BackgroundWe investigated the biomarkers, immune responses and cellular changes in vaccinated and non-vaccinated goats experimentally challenged with M. haemolytica serotype A2 under rainy and hot tropical conditions. A total of twenty-four clinically healthy, non-pregnant, female goats randomly allocated to 2 groups of 12 goats each were used for the study. The 12 goats in each season were subdivided into three groups (n = 4), which served as the control (G-NEG), non-vaccinated (G-POS), and vaccinated (G-VACC). In week-1, the G-VACC received 2 mL of alum-precipitated pasteurellosis vaccine while G-POS and G-NEG received 2 ml of sterile PBS. In week 2, the G-POS and G-VACC received 1 mL intranasal spray containing 105 CFU of M. haemolytica serotype A2. Inoculation was followed by daily monitoring and weekly bleeding for eight weeks to collect data and serum for biomarkers and immune responses using commercial ELISA test kits. The goats were humanely euthanised at the end of the experiments to collect lungs and the submandibular lymph nodes tissue samples for gross and histopathological examinations. ResultsRegardless of the season, we have observed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in serum concentrations of acute-phase proteins (haptoglobin, serum amyloid A), proinflammatory cytokines (interleukine-1β, interleukin-6), antibodies (immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G), and stress markers (cortisol and heat shock protein 70) in the G-POS goats compared to G-VACC and G-NEG. With regards to seasons, there was a significantly (p < 0.05) higher serum concentration with 1.5, 2 and 1-folds increase in the serum interleukin (IL)-1β, cortisol, and heat shock protein (HSP)-70 in the G-POS during rainy compared to the hot season. Histopathology of the lungs in G-POS goats revealed inflammatory cell infiltration, degeneration, haemorrhage/congestion, and pulmonary oedema in the alveoli spaces; thickening of the interstitium, and desquamation of bronchiolar epithelium. Cellular changes in the lymph node were characterized by a marked hypercellularity in G-POS goats. ConclusionHost responses to pneumonic mannheimiosis based on increased serum levels of biomarkers (cortisol, HSP70, IL-1β and IL-6) and severe cellular changes seen in the lungs and lymph nodes of G-POS goats compared to vaccinated goats and control group are influenced by the high environmental humidity recorded in the rainy season. Increased relative humidity in the rainy season is a significant stress factor for the higher susceptibility and severity of pneumonic mannheimiosis of goats in the tropics. Vaccination of goats using the alum precipitated Pasteurella multocida vaccine before the onset of the rainy season is recommended to minimise mortality due to potential outbreaks of pneumonia during the rainy season.

Preliminary study on serum immunoglobulin G responses following intramuscular inoculation of adjuvanted polyhydroxyalkanoate microparticles with Pasteurella multocida vaccine in white rats

A natural biodegradable polymer, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), was adjuvanted with a vaccine seed to observe the biomaterial's ability in enhancing an immune response in rats. The adjuvant potential of PHA was tested using the whole-killed Pasteurella multocida B:2 (PMB2) vaccine in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats to detect changes in serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) responses. A common PHA, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)], from Bacillus megaterium UMTKB-1 was constructed into microparticles using the solvent evaporation method. Twelve SD rats were divided into four treatment groups: 1) non-treatment as negative control, 2) P(3HB) adjuvant, 3) PMB2 vaccine, and 4) adjuvanted-P(3HB)/PMB2 vaccine groups, which were intramuscularly vaccinated twice. Immunoglobulins IgG and IgM levels were used as markers of the immune response induced by the adjuvanted-P(3HB)/PMB2 vaccine and analysed over an eight-week study period. The group vaccinated specifically with adjuvanted-P(3HB)/PMB2 vaccine had higher concentrations of immunoglobulins compared to other treatment groups, hence demonstrating the potential of the adjuvant to enhance immune response. Findings showed a need to delay the delivery of the second booster dose to determine the appropriate regime for the adjuvanted-P(3HB)/PMB2 vaccine.

The Promotion of Peony Seed Proteolysis Product to the Immune Efficacy Induced by ptfA Gene DNA Vaccine of Avian Pasteurella multocida

Background: Avian Pasteurella multocida is one of the pathogens that affect the health of poultry. The protective efficacy of traditional attenuated vaccine is not ideal. In previous study, we prepared ptfA gene DNA vaccine of avian P. multocida. However, the protective effect of ptfA gene DNA vaccine was inferior to the attenuated vaccine. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the immune efficacy of avian P. multocida DNA vaccine, such as screening for novel adjuvant. Methods: In this study, the peony seed proteolysis product was gavaged to chickens before DNA vaccination or was added to the ptfA gene DNA vaccine as adjuvant. These vaccines were administered to chickens and the serum antibody, lymphocyte proliferation levels, IFN-g, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 concentrations secreted by peripheral blood lymphocytes were determined. After challenging with virulent avian P. multocida, survival time and protective efficacy was evaluated. Result: Following vaccination, no significant differences in antibody levels and concentrations of IL-4 among the DNA vaccine group, adjuvant-DNA vaccine group and gavaged group were observed. The stimulation index (SI) values, concentrations of IFN-g, IL-2 and IL-6 in adjuvant-DNA vaccine group and gavaged group were significantly higher than those in the DNA vaccine group. The protective efficacy of live attenuated vaccine group, DNA vaccine group, adjuvant-DNA vaccine group and gavaged group were 92%, 52%, 72% and 60%, respectively. This study has laid a foundation for the design and application of future DNA vaccines of P. multocida and DNA vaccine adjuvant.

Differentiating Vaccine-Related Fowl Cholera from Naturally Occurring Disease.

Vaccine-related fowl cholera must be considered when flock mortality increases after use of a live Pasteurella multocida vaccine product. All registered live vaccines serotype as Heddleston 3,4; however, in some regions this is also the most common serotype of outbreak isolates in broiler breeders and turkeys. Therefore, serotyping may not be useful for diagnosing vaccine-related fowl cholera. This project sought to apply a vaccine-specific test to differentiate vaccine-related disease from naturally occurring outbreaks. Results indicate that vaccine strains were commonly isolated from broiler breeders exhibiting signs of fowl cholera postvaccination, but some of these isolates exhibited only serotype 4 antigenicity. The isolates' lipopolysaccharides, the target antigen for serotyping, contained compositional changes that may explain the varying serotype results and virulence of the commercial preparations. These results suggest that vaccine-related disease may be common in broiler breeders, and live commercial vaccine preparations need to be assessed for serotype and titer prior to use in order to reduce vaccine-related fowl cholera.

The Comparison Detection of Cytokines (IL-6 and IL-12) from Spleen Cells and Serums in Balb/c Mice after Immunization with Killed P. multocida Vaccines Co-formulated with Bacterial DNAs as Adjuvant

Purpose: Pasteurella multocida has been correlated with commensal pathogens in the respiratory tract of birds and mammals. The purpose of the present study was to verify the cellular immune responses in Balb/c mice inoculated with the iron inactivated vaccine adjuvanted with bDNAby the detection of cytokines from spleen cells and serum. Methods: Mice were experimentally immunized with P. multocida killed antigens to study the splenocyte suspension and serum cytokines proliferation at different groups of post-immunization. We used P. multocida A (AbDNA), P. multocida B (BbDNA), S. typhimurium (SbDNA) bacterial DNAs and alum as adjuvants. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-12 titer were tested by ELISA. Results: Mice immunized with vaccine formulations containing bDNAs as adjuvant produced a higher level of interleukins than alum and control groups. The serum level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-12) was significantly higher (p<0.01) in vaccinated animals compared to control groups. A peak of IL-6 (59.8 pg/ml) and IL-12 (26.4 pg/ml) was recorded in in vitro stimulated splenocytes in the IIA+SbDNA group. Conclusion: These findings designated that killed P. multocida antigens formulated with bacterial DNAs as an adjuvant are possible vaccine candidates against P. multocida infections. The effect of the bacterial DNAs on the cellular immune response can be exploited in the development of new vaccines.

Compare Transferrin Binding Protein (Tbp A) Gene Virulence of Pasteurella Multocida Type B of Buffalo and Vaccine Septicemiaepizootica

Septicemia Epizootica (SE), is a fatal acute septicemia disease by Pasteurella multocida. B: 2, 5 and E: 2, 5 in cattle and buffalo. TbpA has a number of important role for bacterial cells, such as nutrient uptake, transport of molecules in and out of cells and interactions with the environment and host. P. multocida iron acquisition related gene, tbpA, has been considered as an important epidemiological marker. The purpose of this study was to compare the Transferrin Binding Protein A (TbpA) gene from P. multocidatype B of buffalo and it with vaccine strain. Characterization of TbpA of P. multocida and vaccine strain was done using PCR then sequencing. Sample used in this study were P. multocida local isolate from NTT and vaccine strain (Katha). Isolation and identification were performed using bacteriological culture and biochemically characterization. Results from PCR showed positive a tbpA gene on P. multocida local isolate and vaccine strainis. The comparison of the results of sequencing between the tbpa gene isolates P.multocida and vaccines showed deletion.

CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF USING FORMALIZED KILLED VACCINE ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH PROPOLIS AGAINST Pasteurella multocida CHALLENGE IN RABBITS

Pasteurellosis is a common and troublesome issue of rabbits causing serious disorders. The immunization procedures are constantly the greatest preventive measures. In the present study, 40 New Zealand rabbits were used to investigate the protective efficacy of formalized Pasteurella multocida vaccine alone or in combination with propolis. The animals were divided into four equal groups (I-IV); negative control group, challenged non-vaccinated group, vaccinated challenged group and vaccinated propolis administered challenged group respectively. At the end of the 2nd and 6th weeks of the experiment, blood samples were collected from ear vein of rabbits for hematological, plasma, and serum examinations. The rabbits were then anaesthetized and sacrificed to collect tissue specimens from liver, kidneys, spleen and lungs for histopathological study. The results showed that using of propolis in combination with killed vaccine of Pasteurella multocida improved the immune response by increasing the leukocyte phagocytic activity against Pasteurella multocida (from 23.80% to 60.80%). Moreover, the clinicopathological findings including hemogram (RBCs count, Hb content, PCV, RBCs indices, platelets, total and differential leukocytes count), and hepato-renal function tests (ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, urea and creatinine), as well as, histopathological findings were better in infected rabbits treated with propolis- killed vaccine than using killed vaccine alone.

Immunomodulatory Effects of Tulathromycin in Rabbits

Tulathromycin is a new injectable macrolid antibiotic used for treating pulmonary disease. Therefore, the present work was aimed to study the effect of tulathromycin administration only or in a combination with vitamin C (immunomodatory agent) on immnomodulating, apoptotic effect and DNA of some immune cells. Moreover, to investigate its effect on serum antioxidant activity. Twenty-five apparently healthy rabbits were divided into 5 equal groups, the 1 st group was the control and the 2 nd was the vaccinated group with 1 mL/rabbit S.C “ Pasteurella multocida vaccine”. The 3 rd group injected with 17.5 mg/rabbit of vitamin C and 1 mL/rabbit S.C “ Pasteurella multocida vaccine” while, the 4 th group was given 1 mL S.C/rabbit Pasteurella multocida vaccine and 2.5 mg/kg BW tulathromycin. The 5 th group was treated S.C with 17.5 mg/rabbit vitamin C, 1 mL Pasteurella multocida vaccine and 2.5 mg/kg BW tulathromycin. The results showed a significant inhibition of lymphocyte transformation at 3 rd day, phagocytic activity and lysozyme activity at 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd day of vaccination in the 4 th group. Moreover, its total globulin level was significantly depressed at the 7 th and 14 th day with a depression of antibody titre against pasteurella till the 3 rd week post vaccination. Comet results revealed a significant increase of DNA damage % on the 3 rd and 7 th days post vaccination. DNA fragmentation of neutrophil was transiently occurred in the 3 rd and 7 th days post treatment. It was concluded that, Tulathromycin has a transient immunosuppressive and genotoxic effect, therefore it should be administered in a combination with Vit C to overcome its side effects.

Route of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida Vaccine Administration Does Not Affect Health or Performance of Receiving Heifers

Route of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida Vaccine Administration Does Not Affect Health or Performance of Receiving Heifers

Protective efficacy afforded by live Pasteurella multocida vaccines in chickens is independent of lipopolysaccharide outer core structure

Pasteurella multocida is a major animal pathogen that causes a range of diseases including fowl cholera. P. multocida infections result in considerable losses to layer and breeder flocks in poultry industries worldwide. Both killed whole-cell and live-attenuated vaccines are available; these vaccines vary in their protective efficacy, particularly against heterologous strains. Moreover, until recently there was no knowledge of P. multocida LPS genetics and structure to determine precisely how LPS structure affects the protective capacity of these vaccines. In this study we show that defined lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mutants presented as killed whole-cell vaccines elicited solid protective immunity only against P. multocida challenge strains expressing highly similar or identical LPS structures. This finding indicates that vaccination of commercial flocks with P. multocida killed cell formulations will not protect against strains producing an LPS structure different to that produced by strains included in the vaccine formulation. Conversely, protective immunity conferred by vaccination with live P. multocida strains was found to be largely independent of LPS structure. Birds vaccinated with a range of live mutants belonging to the L1 and L3 LPS genotypes, each expressing a specific truncated LPS structure, were protected against challenge with the parent strain. Moreover, birds vaccinated with any of the five LPS mutants belonging to the L1 LPS genotype were also protected against challenge with an unrelated strain and two of the five groups vaccinated with live LPS mutants belonging to the L3 genotype were protected against challenge with an unrelated strain. In summary, vaccination with live P. multocida aroA mutants producing full-length L1 or L3 LPS or vaccination with live strains producing shortened L1 LPS elicited strong protective immunity against both homologous and heterologous challenge.

Assessment of Relative Potency of Inactivated Pasteurella multocida Vaccine in Poultry

Assessment of Relative Potency of Inactivated Pasteurella multocida Vaccine in Poultry

Immunopotentiation of outer membrane protein through anti-idiotype Pasteurella multocida vaccine in rabbits

Pasteurella multocida was isolated from cattle affected with haemorrhagic septicaemia and characterized on the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical tests. Bacterial outer membrane proteins (OMPs) were extracted with 1% Sarkosyl method. P. multocida anti-idiotype vaccine prepared from OMPs (21.3 mg per 100 ml), was evaluated and compared with bacterin supplemented with 10% OMPs and plain alum-adsorbed bacterin in rabbit models. It was observed that OMPs-anti-idiotype vaccine induced high levels of antibody titres (geomean titres -GMT) detected using indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test. The OMPs anti-idiotype antibody titres of 168.9 GMT were obtained to 42.2 GMT in OMPs supplemented bacterin on 21 days post vaccination, while the plain bacterin had the least titre of 27.9 GMT. The OMPs-anti-idiotype vaccine provoked better immunogenic response in terms of highest GMT titres and long lasting effect in rabbits and 100% protection against the challenge with homologous strain of P. multocida,while 88% protection was obtained in rabbits, given OMPs supplemented bacterin.

Dietary l-proline supplementation confers immunostimulatory effects on inactivated Pasteurella multocida vaccine immunized mice

This study was conducted to determine the immunostimulatory effect of L-proline on inactivated vaccine immunized mice. Ninety-five female KM mice were randomly divided into five groups: (1) mice received dietary supplementation with 0.4% L-proline and immunized with inactivated vaccine (V-P group); (2) mice received dietary supplementation with 0.3% L-alanine (isonitrogenous control) and immunized with inactivated vaccine (V-A group, negative control); (3) mice were immunized with inactivated vaccine with oil adjuvant (V-O group, positive control); (4) mice were immunized with inactivated vaccine with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant (V-H group, positive control); (5) mice immunized with phosphate-buffered saline (control group). All mice were dead in the control group between 36 and 48 h post infection. Mice in the V-P group showed 100% protection after challenge with P. multocida serotype A (CQ2) at dose of 4.4 × 10(5) CFU (2LD50). Meanwhile, serum antibody titers in the V-P group were higher than those in the V-A group before infection and those in the V-A and V-O groups at 36 h post infection. Moreover, serum IL-1β levels in the V-P group were lower than those in V-O group. Furthermore, serum GSH-PX levels in the V-P group were higher than those in the V-A and V-O groups. Collectively, dietary proline supplementation confers beneficial immunostimulatory effects in inactivated P. multocida vaccine immunized mice.

Vaccination against atrophic rhinitis in swine with a combined Bordetella bronchiseptica, Pasteurella multocida vaccine.

Summary A combined Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida vaccine was tested for its efficiency against the occurrence of atrophic rhinitis. The trial involved 15 sows and their offspring; 7 sows with 48 piglets were used as a trial group, and 8 sows with 57 piglets served as controls. At slaughter time, comparison of the percentage of animals with turbinate atrophy lesion scores of + to + + + showed 72.9 % of the animals of the control group compared with 23 % of the animals of the trial group. The percentage of animals with + + + turbinate atrophy decreased from 33.3 % in the control group to 2.1 % in the trial group. As there still existed lesions typical of A. R. in the animals of the trial group immunised via colostrum it is concluded that on heavily infected farms the piglets should be revaccinated at the age of 10 weeks. Zusammenfassung Zur Vakzinierung gegen die Rhinitis atrophicans des Schweines mit einer kombinierten Bordetella bronchiseptika, Pasteurella multocida Vakzine de los animales con lesiones extremas (+ + +) descendio desde el 33.3 % en el grupo de control al 2.1 % en el grupo de ensayo. Puesto que en los animales inmunizados a traves del calostro en el grupo de ensayo aparecian aun lesiones, se recomienda que en las explotaciones muy infectadas se proceda a la revacunacion de los lechones a partir de las 10 semanas de edad. Eine kombinierte Bordetella bronchiseptica, Pasteurella multocida Vakzine wurde auf seine Wirksamkeit gegen das Auftreten der Rhinitis atrophicans uberpruft. 7 Sauen mit 48 Ferkeln dienten als Versuchsgruppe und 8 Sauen mit 57 Ferkeln als Kontrolle. Zum Schlachtzeitpunkt der Nachzucht wurde ein Vergleich der Turbinalienatrophie, die mit + bis + + + bewertet wurde, durchgefuhrt. Dabei zeigten 72,9 % Tiere der Kontrollgruppe und 23 % Tiere der Versuchsgruppe Lasionen im Bereich von + bis + + +. Der Prozentsatz der Tiere mit hochgradigen Lasionen (+ + +) sank von 33,3 % bei der Kontrollgruppe auf 2,1 % bei der Versuchsgruppe. Da bei den uber das Kolostrum immunisierten Tieren der Versuchsgruppe noch immer Lasionen auftraten, wird bei schwer verseuchten Betrieben eine Revakzinierung der Ferkel ab einem Alter von 10 Wochen empfohlen. Resume Vaccination contre la rhinite atrophique du porc avec un vaccin combine Bordetella bronchiseptica-Pasteurella multocida Un vaccin combine Bordetella bronchiseptica-Pasteurella multocida contre la rhinite atrophique a ete teste. 7 truies et 48 porcelets ont servi de groupes de recherche et 8 truies avec 57 porcelets ont servi de controles. On a utilise une echelle de + a + + + pour comparer l'atrophie des cornets nasaux au moment de l'abattage. 72,9 % des animaux de controle et 23 % des animaux presentant des lesions de + a + + +. Le pourcentage des animaux presentant de graves lesions (+ + +) a passe de 33,3 % chez les animaux de controle a 2,1 % chez les pores vaccines. Etant donne que des lesions sont apparues chez des animaux immunisees par le colostrum dans le groupe teste, on recommande une revaccination des porcelets a partir de 10 semaines dans les exploitations gravement atteintes. Resumen Sobre la vacunacion contra la rinitis atrofica del cerdo con una vacuna combinada Bordetella bronchiseptica-Pasteurella multocida Se contrasto una vacuna combinada Bordetella bronchiseptica-Pasteurella multocida en cuanto a su eficacia contra la presentacion de rinitis atrofica. Se utilizaron 7 parideras con 48 lechones como grupo de experimentacion y 8 cerdas con 57 lechones en calidad de testigos. En el momento de la matanza de las crias se procedio a comparar las atrofias en los cornetes nasales, las cuales se valoraron entre + y + + +. Se apreciaron asi en el 72.9 % de los animales del grupo testigo y en el 23 % de los animales del grupo de ensayo lesiones comprendidas en el ambito que iba desde + hasta + + +. El porcentaje