Multivariate Latent Growth Curve Modeling Research Articles

Changes in Restless Sleep, Self-Control, and Alcohol-Related Problems with Police from Late Adolescence to Adulthood.

Sleep quality is crucial for healthy adolescent brain development, which has downstream effects on self-control and involvement in risky behaviors, such as alcohol use. While previous studies have found that sleep and facets of self-control are associated with patterns of alcohol use, few have assessed whether these constructs are tied to alcohol-related problems with law enforcement during the transitional period from adolescence to adulthood. The current study uses self-report panel data from ages 16 to 27 from a population-based sample of U.S. youth (N = 956; 36.86% female). The goal of the current study is to assess the association between changes in restless sleep, impulsivity, sensation seeking, and problems with police during or shortly after consuming alcohol from adolescence to adulthood to begin to address this gap in the existing literature. Results from a multivariate latent growth curve model reveal that faster increases in restless sleep and slower declines in impulsivity are associated with slower declines in police contact. Correlated changes between restless sleep, impulsivity, and police contact are slightly greater from ages 16-21 than for ages 22-27, with males showing stronger associations. The reported results suggest that identifying developmental mechanisms between changes in poor sleep, impulsivity, and alcohol use behaviors during this life-course phase will be crucial moving forward to help divert youth away from alcohol-related contact with the police.

Examining changes of adolescent physical habitus-a retrospective study of physical capital networks.

In recent years, massive studies have examined sport from the standpoint of cultural capital. However, these studies have not examined cultural capital in relation to habitus within specific fields. This article utilized a multivariate latent growth curve model to analyze changes of participants' physical habitus. Hypotheses concerning the form of growth in physical habitus, individual perceived capital influence differences in the common trajectory over time, and covariates influencing the growth of PH were tested. Significant linear increases existed for perceived influence from family and school, while significant linear decreases existed for perceived influence from community. The second-order alternative format of the latent growth curve model indicated that associations among individual perceived influence differences could be adequately explained by a higher order physical habitus construct. Gender, personal health condition, family socio-economic status, and weekly time spent on physical activities significantly predicted initial levels of physical habitus, whereas family social economic status significantly predicted the rate of change in physical habitus simultaneously. These findings not only support the participation in sport is constructed socially but also that individual efforts and contextual influences contribute to physical habitus. Furthermore, three types of perceived influences intertwined so much in simultaneity, instead of contributing to physical habitus across time.

Differential Longitudinal Associations Between Domains of Cognitive Function and Physical Function: A 20-Year Follow-Up Study.

Cognitive and physical functions are both associated with disability and death. Recent studies have addressed the relationship between cognitive declines and physical declines; however, whether various facets of cognition are diversely associated with specific physical functions is yet to be ascertained. The present work examines the longitudinal associations between fluid and crystallized cognitive functions (Gf and Gc) and physical functions. The sample consisted of 863 community-dwelling older adults (baseline age 60-79 years) from the National Institute for Longevity Sciences-Longitudinal Study of Aging. The participants were tested on a set of Gf and Gc tests and physical tests (grip strength and gait speed). We ran a series of Multivariate Latent Growth Curve models. Specifically, we tested the relationship between cognitive and physical functions in terms of baseline performance (intercept) and rate of change (slope). The slope-slope correlations between Gf and physical function were large (grip strength r = 0.64 and gait speed r = 0.68, ps < .001). By contrast, the slope correlations between Gc and physical functions were weak (rs ≤ 0.31) and barely or marginally significant (ps ≤ .06). The results show that distinct domains of cognitive functions have different associations with physical functions. Namely, the aging-associated declines in the tested physical functions are robustly correlated with the declines in Gf, but are only weakly correlated with the declines in Gc. Therefore, Gc measures may be poor proxies for the patient's frailty and should be considered with caution in clinical assessment.

Longitudinal correlated changes of global and organization‐based self‐esteem at work

AbstractThe role of different forms of self‐esteem (i.e., global vs. domain‐specific) at work and their longitudinal changes and associations have yet to be examined. Our aim is to analyze the pattern of longitudinal changes between global self‐esteem (GSE) and organization‐based self‐esteem (OBSE). We used three‐wave longitudinal data (N = 1616) of newcomers at the beginning of their career. Results from multivariate latent growth curve models revealed that OBSE and GSE decreased linearly. Their trajectories were positively correlated (rslopes = 0.52), suggesting positive longitudinal associations between changes in both forms of self‐esteem. Finally, OBSE and GSE trajectories differently predicted changes in job satisfaction, commitment, work engagement, and burnout. Findings support the importance of simultaneously considering both forms of self‐esteem at work.

Multivariate growth trajectories of parenting practices in adolescence predicting young adult relationships with parents.

Guided by the life course perspective, this study investigated the developmental antecedents of contact, closeness/warmth, and negativity in young adults' relationships with their parents. Taking the developmental systems approach, we considered interindividual differences in not only initial levels of parenting quality in early adolescence (Grade 6) but also developmental changes in parenting quality across adolescence (Grades 6-12) as predictors of young adult-parent relationship quality. Data were from a large sample of young adults (N = 1,631; Mage = 22.84; 57% female; 90% White; 25% received free/reduced-price school lunch in Grade 6) followed from the fall of Grades 6 to 12 at eight time points, plus a young adult assessment. Using multivariate latent growth curve modeling, we identified a nuanced pattern of predictors of the three relationship dimensions. Higher initial levels of and lower rates of decline in parental involvement across adolescence predicted more young adult contact with mothers and fathers. Higher initial levels of parental warmth and parental involvement, as well as lower rates of decline in parental warmth, predicted greater closeness/warmth with mothers and fathers in young adulthood. Higher initial levels of and lower rates of decline in effective discipline predicted less young adult negativity toward mothers and fathers. These results held even when accounting for important adolescent and young adult covariates (adolescent sex and race, adolescent family income and structure, adolescent aggressive behavior tendencies, young adult living arrangement). The study offers new insights into how parenting practices in adolescence contribute to parent-child relationship in young adulthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

A conditional time-varying multivariate latent growth curve model for the relationships between academics' servant leadership behavior, affective commitment, and job performance during the Covid-19 pandemic.

In our study, we investigated the change patterns in academics' servant leadership behavior and affective commitment during and after the first Covid-19 lockdown (April 2020-August 2020) in Malaysia. Furthermore, we evaluated the influence of academics' servant leadership behavior on job performance through affective commitment. We applied additional analyses to determine the degree to which the two former constructs are influenced by age and academic rank. To do so, we leveraged multivariate latent growth curve (LGC) modeling in analyzing the longitudinal data collected from 220 academics at three time points over a course of four months during the Covid-19 pandemic. Our results showed that, while servant leadership and affective commitment were stable over time, servant leadership was a driver of affective commitment and job performance. We also observed that affective commitment significantly mediated the relationship between academics' servant leadership behavior and job performance. Moreover, we found interindividual differences in servant leadership and affective commitment in terms of age and academic rank at the beginning of the Covid-19 lockdown. Our multi-disciplinary research is among the limited number of studies applying a rigorous, longitudinal approach to examine behaviors (i.e., servant leadership and job performance) and attitudes (i.e., affective commitment) during the Covid-19 pandemic in higher education research.

Stay positive: studying the change patterns in academics' job and life satisfaction during the Covid-19 pandemic through growth curve modeling

PurposeDuring the Covid-19 outbreak, universities around the globe were closed or went online due to lockdowns implemented to curb the pandemic's spread. This study aims to examine the changes in Malaysian academics' job and life satisfaction during a testing four-month period, from the beginning of the first Covid-19 lockdown until two months after it ended. It also assesses the impact of affective states and age group on these two constructs.Design/methodology/approachIn this longitudinal study, the authors collected data from 220 academics in Malaysia at three time points in 2020, namely the beginning of the lockdown (April), the end of the lockdown (June) and two months after the lockdown (August). The authors applied multivariate latent growth curve (LGC) modeling to study changes in job satisfaction and life satisfaction. In addition, we added age group, as a time-invariant covariate, as well as positive and negative affect, as two time-varying covariates, to our LGC model. The authors estimated the LGC model using the EQS 6.4 statistical package.FindingsThe results show that both job and life satisfaction were stable over time, although their means were below the average. Positive affect was a significant predictor of both types of satisfaction, and age group was a significant predictor of job satisfaction.Practical implicationsThe main implication the authors draw from this study is connected to job and life satisfaction's mean values being below average. In line with the affective events theory (AET), the authors recommend paying particular attention to work environment features, such as providing sufficient infrastructure for employees working from home and keeping social relations intact. Especially young academics should receive sufficient support.Originality/valueThe study is one of a limited number that examined longitudinal effects during the Covid-19 pandemic in the domains of human resource management and organizational behavior. Hence, this study expands our knowledge of employees' affect and attitudes during an unprecedented global health crisis, particularly in the under-researched area of the Malaysian higher education sector.

The longitudinal course of emotional and cognitive factors of fear of cancer recurrence in breast cancer patients and their partners.

Although fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) has been conceptualized as a multidimensional construct with emotional and cognitive components, little work has distinguished or assessed both components. Further, most existing research has not included intimate partners of cancer patients, although they also experience FCR. This study aimed to (1) determine whether FCR is better conceptualized as a singular or multidimensional construct at the within-person level over time and (2) model the corresponding trajectories in patients and their partners. Female early stage breast cancer patients and their partners (N=78 couples) completed up to five assessments over the first year post-diagnosis tapping both emotional and cognitive elements of FCR. Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate FCR's factor structure, and multivariate latent growth curve modeling was used to estimate trajectories of emotional and cognitive FCR. FCR was best conceptualized as two distinct but related emotional and cognitive factors. In patients and partners, emotional FCR decreased over the first year post-diagnosis on average, while cognitive FCR did not change over time. Findings support the conceptualization of FCR as a multidimensional construct and underscore the potential importance of distinguishing emotional and cognitive components of FCR in future research.

Family demands and satisfaction with family life during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Based upon theories that describe the process of family stress adaptation, we model changes in family demands and satisfaction with family life during the COVID-19 pandemic among a sample of n = 1,042 respondents from Germany. Moreover, based on ecological perspectives on the role of family context, we consider partnership status and parental status as predictors of changes in these variables over time. Using a longitudinal research design, we model co-occurring trajectories of changes in family demands and satisfaction with family life between early April 2020 and early September 2020 using unconditional and conditional multivariate latent growth curve modeling. Results suggest that, on average, both family demands and satisfaction with family life increased across this time period and that having minor children ≤ 17 years of age was associated with decreases in satisfaction with family life across time. Moreover, an exploratory analysis suggests that partnership status may help offset the positive relationship between parental status and family demands. These findings have implications for future research on family life during a crisis and suggest that single parents of young children should be the focus of interventions to reduce family-related stressors and increase levels of family wellbeing during times of crisis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) © 2021 American Psychological Association

The Role of Arrest Risk Perception Formation in the Association Between Psychopathy and Aggressive Offending

Research on the role of risk perception as a mechanism linking personality traits and behavioral outcomes is limited. The current study assessed a developmental model of the influence of psychopathic traits (PPTs) on the between- and within-individual variation in perceptions of risk and aggressive offending. Multivariate latent growth curve models were used to estimate the role of risk perceptions in the association between PPTs and aggressive offending in a sample of 1,354 adjudicated youths. The results indicated that PPTs influenced between-individual differences in perceptions of risk (β = −.312) and aggressive offending (β = .256), although the effects on within-individual differences suggested some attenuation over time. Additionally, higher PPT scores exhibited an indirect influence on increased aggressive offending through reduced perceptions of risk (β = .049). Implications from this line of research support calls for a developmentally informed juvenile justice system that considers latent personality traits and their long-term effects. Broader implications support individualized rehabilitative programming and tailored responses to offending over the blanket deterrence approach that dominates the current landscape of the American criminal justice system.

Decreased COVID-related adaptive behavior and increased negative affect: A multivariate latent growth curve model.

Data from a longitudinal questionnaire investigation of three time waves were used to investigate affective and behavioral changes and their covariant relationship among Chinese general population during the COVID-19 pandemic from March to May 2020. 145 participants aging from 15 to 63 completed three waves of survey. Latent growth curve analyses found that negative affect gradually increased as the pandemic continued. A faster increase in negative affect was related to a greater decrease in adaptive behavior and faster increase in non-adaptive behavior. A higher initial level of negative affect was related to a slower increase in non-adaptive behavior.

Association Between Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibition, Cardiovascular Biomarkers, and Cardiac Remodeling in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) treatment is associated with reverse cardiac remodeling and reductions in biomarkers reflecting ventricular wall stress and myocardial injury, such as NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), hs-cTnT (high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T), and soluble suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2). How longitudinal changes in these biomarkers analyzed collectively are associated with cardiac remodeling in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction treated with S/V is uncertain. In a prospective study of S/V in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, this prespecified exploratory analysis included patients with serially collected biomarkers and echocardiographic measures of cardiac remodeling through 12 months of treatment. A multivariate latent growth curve model assessed associations between simultaneous changes in biomarkers and left ventricular ejection fraction and left atrial volume index. Seven hundred fifteen out of 794 total study participants were included (mean age 65 years, 73% male). Mean baseline left ventricular ejection fraction and left atrial volume index were 29% and 40 mL/m2, respectively. Adjusted geometric mean baseline concentrations for biomarkers included NT-proBNP of 649 pg/mL, hs-cTnT of 15.9 ng/L, and sST2 of 24.7 ng/mL. Following initiation of S/V, circulating concentrations of NT-proBNP, hs-cTnT, and sST2 significantly decreased within 30 days and remained significantly different than baseline at all subsequent timepoints. From baseline to month 12, decreases in adjusted biomarker concentrations averaged -27.9% (95% CI, -35.1% to -20.7%; P<0.001) for NT-proBNP; -6.7% (95% CI, -8.8% to -4.7%; P<0.001) for hs-cTnT; and -1.6% (95% CI, -2.9% to -0.4%; P<0.001) for sST2. NT-proBNP concentrations were predictive of later changes in hs-cTnT. The magnitude of reductions in NT-proBNP and hs-cTnT concentrations associated with improvements in left ventricular ejection fraction and left atrial volume index. There was no association between changes in sST2 and changes in other measures. Following initiation of S/V, NT-proBNP, hs-cTnT, and sST2 concentrations decreased significantly. Longitudinal changes in NT-proBNP and hs-cTnT together associated with left atrial and left ventricular reverse remodeling. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02887183.

Loneliness, Social Anxiety, and Depression During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Global Longitudinal Study Examining Social Restrictions Severity and Demographic Differences

Background: Social restrictions and government-mandated lockdowns implemented worldwide to curb the SARS-CoV-2 virus disrupt our social interactions, behaviours, and routines. While many studies have examined how the pandemic has influenced feelings of loneliness and poor mental health, such as depression and anxiety, few have focused on social anxiety symptomatology. Methods: We collected data on loneliness, social anxiety, depression, and social restrictions severity across three timepoints in the first six months of the pandemic, in 2665 participants across 121 countries. We later restricted our analyses to Australia, United States, and United Kingdom (n = 1562) to code from reliable sources of objective social restriction data. Longitudinal data were analysed using a multivariate latent growth curve model. Findings: Loneliness reduced, depression remained unchanged, and social anxiety symptoms increased as social restrictions severity eased in the first six months of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Consistent with previous research, specific demographic factors (e.g., younger age, unemployment, lower wealth, and living alone) all influenced loneliness, depression, and social anxiety at the onset of the pandemic. No demographic factors influenced changes in levels over time for loneliness or depression, but being younger and being unemployed influenced change in levels over time for social anxiety. Loneliness, social anxiety, and depressive symptoms were highly related, but the course of social anxiety symptoms differed from loneliness and depression- those higher in social anxiety at baseline also increased in social anxiety quicker over time. Interpretation: Social anxiety remains an overlooked mental health symptom in SARS-CoV-2 pandemic research. Frontline practitioners may see increased social anxiety and avoidance even as social restrictions ease. Service delivery providers should focus on vulnerable groups, including those aged 18 to 25 years, unemployed, and with lower wealth, during this public health crisis. Funding: None to declare. Declaration of Interest: None to declare. Ethical Approval: Ethics approval was granted by Swinburne University Human Research Ethics Committee.

Collective orientation and its implications for coordination and team performance in interdependent work contexts

Purpose This paper aims to explore the influence of collective orientation (CO) on coordination and team performance for interdependently working teams while controlling for person-related and team variables. Design/methodology/approach A total of 58 two-person-teams participated in a simulation-based firefighting task. The laboratory study took 2 h for each team. The effects of CO in tasks of increasing complexity were investigated under the consideration of control variables, and the relations between CO, coordination and team performance were assessed using a multivariate latent growth curve modeling approach and by estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Findings Team members high on CO performed significantly better than low-scoring members. The effect of CO on team performance was independent from an increasing task complexity, whereas the effect of CO on coordination was not. The effect of CO on team performance was mediated by coordination within the team, and the positive relation between CO and performance persists when including group efficacy into the model. Research limitations/implications As CO is a modifiable person-related variable and important for effective team processes, additional research on factors influencing this attitude during work is assumed to be valuable. Practical implications CO is especially important for highly interdependently working teams in high-risk-organizations such as the fire service or nuclear power plants, where errors lead to severe consequences for human beings or the environment. Originality/value No other studies showed the importance of CO for coordination and team performance while considering teamwork-relevant variables and the interdependence of work.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Biomarkers, Health Status, and Cardiac Remodeling in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Treated With Sacubitril/Valsartan

Among patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction ≤40%), sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) treatment is associated with improved health status and reverse cardiac remodeling. Data regarding racial and ethnic differences in response to S/V are lacking. This was an analysis from the PROVE-HF study (Prospective Study of Biomarkers, Symptom Improvement and Ventricular Remodeling During Entresto Therapy for Heart Failure). Longitudinal changes in NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), cardiac reverse remodeling, and health status scores were compared between groups using multivariate latent growth curve modeling. Among the 782 patients included in this study, 22.7% were non-Hispanic Black (from here referred to as Black), 14.9% were Hispanic, and 62.4% were non-Hispanic White (from here referred to as White). At baseline, compared with White patients, Black and Hispanic patients had lower NT-proBNP (g=0.34) and differences between groups in baseline values for LV end-diastolic volume index and LV end-systolic volume index were negligible (g<0.10). Following S/V initiation, NT-proBNP decreased in all 3 groups (P<0.0001) associated with improvements in LV ejection fraction, LV end-diastolic volume index, and LV end-systolic volume index. Although total improvement in LV measures was similar between groups, Black patients averaged larger gains in the first half of the trial while White patients averaged larger gains in the second half. Improvements in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-23 Total Symptom scores were seen in all 3 groups. Treatment with S/V was well-tolerated. Among Black, Hispanic, and White patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction, treatment with S/V was associated with similar reduction in NT-proBNP, improvement in health status, and reverse remodeling. More data regarding racial and ethnic responses to heart failure and reduced ejection fraction treatment are needed. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02887183.

A longitudinal Study on the Effect of Self-efficiency on Academic Achievement Mediated with Intrinsic Motivation and Learning Strategy

본 연구에서는 경기교육종단연구(GELS: Gyeonggi Education Longitudinal Study)를 활용하여 중학교 1학년에서 3학년으로 성장함에 따라 자기효능감, 내재적조절동기, 학습전략이 학업성취의 변화에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2014년 중학교 1학년 학생(4차)부터, 중2(5차, 2015년), 중3(6차, 2016년)에 걸쳐 반복적으로 측정된 4,710명의 자료를 대상으로 기술통계분석, 상관분석, 잠재성장모형을 활용하여 변인들의 종단적 관계를 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자기효능감, 내재적조절동기, 학습전략과 학업성취에 대한 잠재성장모형분석 결과, 학습전략을 제외하고, 모든 변인이 시간의 흐름에 따른 감소 추세를 보였다. 둘째, 다변량 잠재성장모형분석 결과, 자기효능감과 학업성취의 관계에서 내재적조절동기와 학습전략이 매개하는 경로모형은 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 학습전략, 자기효능감 초기값이 학업성취 초기값에 정적으로 영향을 미쳤으나, 내재적조절동기는 부적영향을 주었다. 학업성취 변화율에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 요인은 자기효능감 변화율(정적 영향)이었다. 셋째, 자기효능감 초기값과 학업성취 초기값의 관계, 자기효능감 초기값과 학습전략 초기값의 관계에서 내재적조절동기 초기값의 매개효과가 나타났다. 자기효능감 초기값, 변화율과 학습전략의 변화율의 관계에서 내재적조절동기 변화율의 매개효과를 확인하였다. 본 연구는 중학생의 학업성취를 높이기 위해 자기효능감, 학습동기, 학습전략의 시간의 흐름에 따른 영향관계 궤적을 밝힘으로써 교육적 시사점을 제공한다.The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal effect of self-efficiency on academic achievement mediated with intrinsic motivation and learning strategy using GELS(Gyeonggi Education Longitudinal Study). From the 4th to the 6th grade of middle school in 2014, 5,374 students were analyzed using the statistical analysis, correlation and multivariate Latent growth curve modeling for analysis. The results of the study are as follows; First, With the exception of self-efficiency, intrinsic modulator, learning strategy and potential growth analysis for academic achievement, all variables showed a trend of decreasing over time. Second, based on the analysis of the multivariate potential growth model, the path model of self-efficiency on academic achievement mediated with intrinsic regulator motivation, learning strategy showed statistically significant results. The initial value of learning strategy and self-efficacy statically influenced the initial value of academic achievement, but the internal motivation gave a negative effect. The most important that affected the rate of change in academic performance was the rate of change in self-efficiency which had a positive effect. Third, the mediated effect of the initial value of the intrinsic motivation in the relationship between the initial value of self-efficacy and the initial value of academic achievement, between the initial value of the self-efficacy and the initial value of the learning strategy was identified. The mediated effect of the rate of change of intrinsic motivation in relation to the initial value of self-efficacy, the rate of change of self-efficacy and the rate of change of learning strategy was identified. This study provides implications in teaching methods by brightening the trajectory of self-efficiency, learning motivation and learning strategy in order to enhance the academic performance of middle school students.

The Influence of Premigration Trauma Exposure and Early Postmigration Stressors on Changes in Mental Health Over Time Among Refugees in Australia.

As a result of the precarious conditions in which they migrate, refugees are likely to have experiences that increase their risk of mental health problems. Refugees tend to be predisposed to relatively high levels of distress upon resettlement, and a key predictor of these issues is traumatic experiences that occur before their arrival. Despite high initial levels of ill-health, on average, refugees tend to experience mental health recovery over time. However, both levels of mental health upon settlement and recovery over time may be negatively influenced by stressors in the postsettlement period. The present study examined changes in psychological distress and posttraumatic stress symptoms over 5 years among 2,169 refugees from various backgrounds, predominately from Iraq and Afghanistan, who participated in the Building a New Life in Australia (BNLA) study. A multivariate latent growth curve model found mental ill-health decreased on average, β = -.21 for distress and β = -.31 for PTSD, ps < .001, and premigration trauma exposure predicted more initial PTSD symptoms and reduced recovery over time, βIntercept = .21, βSlope = -.54, p < .001. Postmigration stressors, such as loneliness, financial concerns, and cultural integration, predicted higher levels of mental health problems as well as reduced recovery over time. These findings suggest that beyond trauma exposure, the mental health of refugees upon resettlement and their recovery over time is impacted by stressors in the early resettlement period, which has important implications for interventions and services to support and encourage well-being in refugee populations.

Family negativity and delinquent behavior in adolescence: a predictive multivariate latent growth analysis

ABSTRACT The current study had three aims: (1) to explore whether there is over-time change in adolescent delinquency and negativity in the parent–adolescent, sibling and marital relationships during adolescence; (2) to examine the interactions of negativity across subsystems; and (3) to examine whether levels and changes in adolescent delinquency are predicted by levels and changes in negativity in all family subsystems. Data of 497 families participating in the RADAR-young study were used. Ratings of all family members were used to measure negativity in family relationships, and adolescent self-report was used for delinquency. Multivariate latent growth curve models showed over-time increases in mother-adolescent negativity and over-time decreases in sibling negativity, as well as significant individual differences in these changes. Second, evidence for both social contagion and compensatory processes in family negativity was found. Third, initial levels of parent–adolescent negativity were related to initial levels but not over-time changes of adolescent delinquency, whereas initial levels of sibling negativity were related to over-time changes but not initial levels of adolescent delinquency. Finally, increases in parent–adolescent negativity were related to faster increases in adolescent delinquency, and decreases in sibling negativity were related to slower increases in adolescent delinquency. Implications of these results are discussed.

다문화청소년의 문화적응스트레스가 자아존중감을 매개로 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향 : 다변량 잠재성장모형을 활용한 종단매개효과 검증

다문화청소년의 문화적응스트레스가 자아존중감을 매개로 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향 : 다변량 잠재성장모형을 활용한 종단매개효과 검증

Eating Disorder Symptomatology in Adolescent Boys and Girls: Identifying Distinct Developmental Trajectory Classes.

Eating disorder symptomatology is highly prevalent in adolescence and is regarded one of the most important precursors of clinical eating disorders. The present longitudinal study examined the development of eating disorder symptomatology in adolescents over two years. At Time 1,528 high school students filled out self-report questionnaires (50.5% female; Mage = 15 years). Multivariate latent growth curve modeling and latent class growth analyses were performed to model latent trajectories and to identify latent trajectory classes. Stable trajectories of drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction were found, whereas bulimia and BMI increased over time. Important gender differences pointed to girls experiencing more eating disorder symptoms at each time point. Additionally, more diverse trajectory classes were found in girls than in boys. Finally, classes with the most eating disorder symptoms also experienced the most problems in identity development, internalizing symptoms, and the least effortful control. The present study underscores the importance of identifying vulnerable adolescents that experience greater eating disorder symptomatology, as they also seem to experience the worst psychosocial development.