Multivariate Binary Logistic Regression Analysis Research Articles

COVID-19 and male fertility: short- and long-term impacts of asymptomatic vs. symptomatic infection on male reproductive potential

BackgroundStudies exploring the effect of COVID-19 on male reproductive system suggest a detrimental association, however with conflicting results. The aim of this study was to assess the association between COVID-19 infection and male reproductive potential including hormone profiles and semen parameters.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 48 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. Patients were subdivided into an asymptomatic group (n = 30) and a group with COVID-19 symptoms (n = 18). Serum hormone levels including testosterone, LH, FSH and estradiol were collected during active infection (baseline, time 0), and at 3 and 6 months following COVID-19 infection. Semen samples (basic semen analysis and oxidation reduction potential) were examined at 3 and 6 months following infection. Student and paired-t tests were used to compare continuous variables between the study groups and across the studied time intervals, respectively. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to explore predictors for COVID-19 symptoms during active infection.ResultsPatients with COVID-19 symptoms were significantly older (p = 0.02) and had significantly lower serum testosterone levels (p = 0.01) and significantly higher LH: testosterone ratio (p = 0.01) than asymptomatic patients. Multivariate analysis revealed older age (OR = 1.18, p = 0.03) and lower serum testosterone level (OR = 0.8, p = 0.03) as independent predictors of symptomatic COVID-19 infection. Significant increase in testosterone (p < 0.001 for both) and decrease in LH (p = 0.02, p = 0.007) and LH: testosterone (p = 0.02, p = 0.005) levels were observed at 3 and 6 months in patients with COVID-19 symptoms. Asymptomatic patients demonstrated significant increase in testosterone (p = 0.02) and decrease in LH: testosterone (p = 0.04) levels only at 3 months following COVID-19 infection. No significant differences were observed between the two study groups with regards to the semen analysis results obtained at 3 or 6 months following COVID-19 infection.ConclusionSignificantly lower testosterone values are associated with worse disease severity among men with COVID-19 infection. This association appears to be temporary as a significant increase in testosterone levels are witnessed as early as 3 months following recovery. No significant detrimental effect for COVID-19 infection on testicular sperm production is found in this patient population.

Urban-Rural Differences in the Prevalence of Diabetes Among Adults in Haryana, India: The ICMR-INDIAB Study (ICMR-INDIAB-18).

Diabetes is a multifactorial disease with far-reaching consequences. Environmental factors, such as urban or rural residence, influence its prevalence and associated comorbidities. Haryana-a north Indian state-has undergone rapid urbanisation, and part of it is included in the National Capital Region (NCR). The primary aim of the study is to estimate the prevalence of diabetes in Haryana with urban-rural, NCR and non-NCR regional stratification and assess the factors affecting the likelihood of having diabetes among adults. This sub-group analysis of the Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study (a nationally representative cross-sectional population-based survey) was done for Haryana using data from 3722 participants. The dependent variable was diabetes, while residence in NCR/non-NCR and urban-rural areas were prime independent variables. Weighted prevalence was estimated using state-specific sampling weights and standardized using National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5) study weights. Associations were depicted using bivariate analysis, and factors describing the likelihood of living with diabetes were explored using a multivariable binary logistic regression analysis approach. Overall, the weighted prevalence of diabetes in Haryana was higher than the national average (12.4% vs. 11.4%). The prevalence was higher in urban (17.9%) than in rural areas (9.5%). The prevalence of diabetes in rural areas was higher in the NCR region, while that of prediabetes was higher in rural non-NCR region. Urban-rural participants' anthropometric measurements and biochemical profiles depicted non-significant differences. Urban-rural status, age and physical activity levels were the most significant factors that affected the likelihood of living with diabetes. The current analysis provides robust prevalence estimates highlighting the urban-rural disparities. Urban areas continue to have a high prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes; rural areas depict a much higher prevalence of prediabetes than diabetes. With the economic transition rapidly bridging the gap between urban and rural populations, health policymakers should plan efficient strategies to tackle the diabetes epidemic.

Prevalence and risk factors associated with neck pain among smartphone users at the University of Balochistan, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study

Background Shoulder and neck pain is a highly prevalent musculoskeletal disorder. Different factors have been associated with it; among these factors some common are the use of a computer and smartphones without a break, sitting in an uncomfortable position. It has been reported that the prevalence of neck pain among smartphone users ranges from 20.0%-73%. This study will evaluate the prevalence of neck pain among smartphone users and the risk factors associated with it at the University of Balochistan Quetta Pakistan. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted from September to October 2022 at the University of Balochistan Quetta to find out the prevalence of neck pain and it risk factors. Data were collected randomly by distributing 500 questionnaires among the students irrespective of age, gender, department, and year of study. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 23. Continuous variables were presented as mean ± SD, and categorical variables as frequencies and percentages. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were used to find out the risk factors associated with neck pain and a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results The results revealed that the prevalence of neck pain was 73%. In MVBLR analysis, male gender (OR=0.360, p-value=0.000), students in 4th year (OR=3.281, p-value=0.002), Left handed (OR=0.395, p-value=0.002), the habit of physical exercise (OR=0.594, p-value=0.032), number of social media used in a day (OR=2.414, p-value=0.039), use of other electronic devices (OR=1.858, p-value=0.010), style of holding (OR=3.289, p-value=0.008) and posture adopted during smartphones use (OR=0.614, p-value=0.050) had a significant association with the neck pain during smartphone use among university students. Conclusion In the current study high number of study, participants reported neck pain. Female gender, students in 4th year, left-handed, the habit of physical exercise, use of five or more social media applications, use of other electronic devices, and posture adopted on laying back were the risk factors associated with neck pain.

Can the use of antithrombotic drugs be a predictive factor in the early diagnosis of bladder cancer?: A single-center analysis.

Hematuria is the most common symptom of bladder cancer (BCa). It is well-known that the frequency of hematuria increases with the use of antithrombotic drugs (ATDs). We designed our study with the hypothesis that patients using antithrombotic drugs who present with the complaint of hematuria and are subsequently diagnosed with BCa may receive an earlier diagnosis, leading to lower tumor grades and stages. Data of 441 consecutive patients who presented to our urology outpatient clinic with macroscopic hematuria between 2020 and 2023 were retrospectively evaluated. A total of 88 patients (21.4%) with a primary diagnosis of BCa were included in our study. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those using ATDs during the episode of macroscopic hematuria (group 1) and those not using ATDs (group 2). Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors that could predict tumor grade. The incidence of multiple tumors (>1) was significantly lower in patients using ATDs (P = .033). The number of patients with tumor size larger than 3 cm was significantly higher in the group not using ATDs (P = .005). The rates of pathological T1 stage in the group using ATDs were significantly lower than those in the nonuser group (P = .038). According to the results of the multivariate model, the effect of pathology stage and ATD use on predicting tumor grade was significant (P = .002 and P < .001, respectively). The probability of having a high-grade tumor in patients with pathology stage T1 was 5.32 times higher than in patients with pathology stage TA. The probability of having a high-grade tumor in patients not using ATDs was 7.73 times higher than in those using ATDs. The effect of pathology stage and ATD use on predicting tumor grade was found to be significant. The probability of having a high-grade tumor was higher in patients not using ATDs compared to those using ATDs. In light of these results, we can state that the use of ATDs is a positive predictive factor in the early diagnosis of BCa, bringing along the chance of early diagnosis and treatment.

A nomogram to predict mortality in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an acute infectious disease caused by a novel Bunyavirus infection with low population immunity and high mortality rate. Lacking specific therapies, the treatment measures vary with the severity of the disease, therefore, a case control study involved 394 SFTS patients was taken to determine risk factors for mortality. Comparative clinical data from the first 24 h after admission was collected through the electronic medical record system. Independent risk factors for death of SFTS were identified through univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses. The results of the logistic regression were visualized using a nomogram which was created by downloading RMS package in the R program. In our study, four independent mortality risk factors were identified: advanced age(mean 70.45 ± 7.76 years), MODS, elevated APTT, and D-dimer. The AUC of the nomogram was 0.873 (0.832, 0.915), and the model passes the calibration test namely Unreliability test with P = 0.958, showing that the model's predictive ability is excellent. The nomogram to determine the risk of death in SFTS efficiently provide a basis for clinical decision-making for treatment.

Patient experiences and needs in cancer care– results from a nationwide cross-sectional study in Germany

BackgroundPatient-centredness has become a central quality indicator for oncology care. Elements include shared decision-making, patient navigation and integration of psychosocial care, which impact patient-reported and clinical outcomes. Despite efforts to promote patient-centred care in Germany in recent decades, implementation remains fragmented. Further, research on patient experiences with cancer care and its determinants is limited. Therefore, this study examines which patient- and facility-specific factors are associated with patient-centred quality care delivery.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,121 cancer patients in acute treatment, rehabilitation, and aftercare for different cancer entities across Germany. A participatory developed questionnaire was used. Outcome measures were the quality of physician-patient interaction and provision of psychosocial care during acute care. Predictors comprised patient-specific characteristics and treatment facility-specific factors. Multiple linear regression and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed. In addition, a content analysis of open-ended comments on the patients’ overall cancer care needs was applied.ResultsMultiple linear regression analysis showed recent diagnosis (β=−0.12, p = < 0.001), being male (β=−0.11, p = 0.003), and having a preference for passive decision-making (β=−0.10, p = 0.001) to be significantly associated with higher interaction quality, but not age, education and health insurance type. An overall low impact of patient characteristics on interaction quality was revealed (adj. R2 = 0.03). Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated the availability of central contact persons (OR = 3.10, p < 0.001) followed by recent diagnosis (p < 0.001), having breast cancer (p < 0.001) and being female (OR = 1.68, p < 0.05) to significantly predict offering psycho-oncological counselling to patients in acute care facilities. The availability of peer support visiting services (OR = 7.17, p < 0.001) and central contact persons (OR = 1.87, p < 0.001) in the care facility, breast cancer diagnosis (p < 0.001) and a higher level of education (p < 0.05) significantly increased the odds of patients receiving information about peer support in the treatment facility. Despite relatively satisfactory quality of physician-patient interactions in cancer care (M = 3.5 (± 1.1)), many patients expressed that better patient-centred communication and coordinated, comprehensive cancer care are needed.ConclusionThe findings reflect effective developments and improvements in cancer care and suggest that patients’ social characteristics are less decisive for delivering patient-centred quality care than systemic factors surrounding the care facilities. They can serve to inform oncology care in Germany.

Efficacy of intraoperative visual evoked potential amplitude reduction in predicting visual outcome after extended endoscopic endonasal resection of craniopharyngiomas.

Postoperative visual outcome is a major concern of neurosurgeons for patients with craniopharyngiomas. The current study aimed to investigate the value of visual evoked potential (VEP) amplitude reduction (N75-P100 and P100-N145) for predicting postoperative visual dysfunction (POVD) and refining current warning criteria for VEP monitoring. Data from 96 patients who underwent the extended endoscopic endonasal approach for craniopharyngiomas between October 2020 and November 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. VEP amplitude reduction ratios were calculated and compared between patients with POVD and those without. Subsequently, the critical threshold values of VEP amplitude reduction ratios for predicting POVD were obtained through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Finally, multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the effect of potential factors on the probability of experiencing POVD. Both N75-P100 and P100-N145 amplitude reduction ratios were significantly higher in patients with POVD (p < 0.001 for both). The threshold value of the N75-P100 amplitude reduction ratio for predicting POVD was 51.76% with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.816 (p < 0.001), while the threshold value of the P100-N145 amplitude reduction ratio was 38.80% with an AUC of 0.738 (p < 0.001). Both N75-P100 and P100-N145 amplitude reduction ratios were identified as independent predictors for POVD via multivariate analysis (p < 0.001 and p = 0.018, respectively). Both N75-P100 and P100-N145 amplitude reduction ratios showed great potential to be indicators for POVD in patients with craniopharyngiomas. Regarding warning criteria for VEP monitoring, the authors recommend that both N75-P100 and P100-N145 amplitude reduction should be considered, with early warning criteria of a 50% reduction for N75-P100 amplitude and/or a 40% reduction for P100-N145 amplitude.

Development of Malaysian-MIND diet scores for prediction of mild cognitive impairment among older adults in Malaysia.

Mild Cognitive impairment (MCI) is a pre-demented state in the elderly populace. The Mediterranean & Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet has shown promise in reducing the risk of MCI and Alzheimer's disease in older people. Notably, the existing MIND diet is not adapted to the specific needs of older adults in Malaysia, considering distinct food cultures and availability. Consequently, this study aimed to develop the Malaysian version of the MIND diet (MY-MINDD) scores and investigate their association with MCI in the older adult populace of Malaysia. A comprehensive pooled data analysis was conducted on combined data from 810 participants sourced from the longitudinal Long-Term Research Grant Scheme-Towards Useful Aging (LRGS-TUA) and Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) studies. The MY-MINDD scores were developed by incorporating existing MIND diet food groups, their corresponding scoring mechanisms, and consideration of common Malaysian foods which are proven to be beneficial and detrimental to cognitive function. To substantiate the MY-MINDD scoring system, its association with MCI was evaluated using a series of validated neuropsychological test batteries. MY-MINDD consists of seven food groups promote brain health and four food groups exert negative cognitive outcomes. The study participants had an average age of 67.9 ± 4.7 years. The collective MY-MINDD score for all participants was 6.4 ± 0.1 (out of a maximum 11 points), revealing a lower score in individuals with MCI at 6.0 ± 1.7 compared to those without MCI at 6.6 ± 1.6 (p < 0.001). According to hierarchical multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, being in the highest tertile of MY-MINDD score was linked to reduced odds of MCI (odds ratio (OR) = 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.26-0.72, p < 0.001) in the fully adjusted model in comparison to the lowest tertile. The development of the MY-MINDD scores for Malaysian older population revealed that a stronger adherence to this diet is linked to a reduced risk of MCI. Further substantiation of the MY-MINDD scores using more objective measures, such as neuroimaging approaches and other neuropsychological batteries, is necessary.

Establishment of a Predictive Model for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients with Bacterial Pneumonia.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a global health concern due to its high rates of morbidity and mortality. Bacterial pathogens are common causes of CAP. It is one of the most common causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a common severe respiratory system manifestation threatening human health. This study aimed to establish a predictive model for ARDS in patients with bacterial pneumonia, which was conducive to early identification of the occurrence and effective prevention of ARDS. We collected the clinical data of hospitalized patients with bacterial pneumonia in Affiliated Huzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2022 to November 2022. The independent risk factors for ARDS in patients with bacterial pneumonia were determined by univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses. The nomogram was constructed to display the predictive model, and the receiver-operating characteristic curve was plotted to evaluate the predictive value of ARDS. This study included 254 patients with bacterial pneumonia, of which 114 developed ARDS. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.041, P = 0.003], heart rate (OR = 1.020, P = 0.028), lymphocyte count (OR = 0.555, P = 0.033), white blood cell count (OR = 1.062, P = 0.033), bilateral lung lesions (OR = 7.352, P = 0.011) and pleural effusion (OR = 2.512, P = 0.002) as the independent risk factors for ARDS. The predictive model was constructed based on the six independent factors, which was valuable in predicting ARDS with area under the curve of 0.794. The predictive model was beneficial to evaluate the disease progression in patients with bacterial pneumonia and identify ARDS. Further, our nomogram might help doctors predict the incidence of ARDS and conduct treatment as early as possible.

Syndecan-1 Levels and Early Positive Fluid Balance Are Associated with Disease Severity in Acute Pancreatitis.

To study fluid balance and endothelial glycocalyx degradation, reflected by syndedan-1 and heparan sulfate (HS) levels, in early stages of acute pancreatitis (AP). This study comprised of 210 AP patients (104 mild, 53 moderately severe, 17 severe). Blood was sampled within 72 h from the onset of symptoms, and plasma syndecan-1 and HS levels were determined using ELISA. Fluid balance up to sampling and up to 4 days was determined retrospectively from medical records. Syndecan-1 levels predicted severe AP (SAP) in receiver operating characteristic analysis [area under curve 0.699, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.546 to 0.851, p = 0.021]. Increasing AP severity was associated with higher intravenous fluid intake and lower urine output. In multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, positive fluid balance up to sampling [odds ratio (OR) 1.05 per 100 ml, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.11, p = 0.010] and higher APACHE-II score at sampling (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.83, p < 0.001) were independently associated with severe AP, while syndecan-1 level was not. SAP is associated with high positive fluid balance in the early stages of treatment. Although increased in SAP, syndecan-1 was not independently associated with SAP when controlling for fluid balance and APACHE-II score.

Temporal alteration of serum bilirubin levels and its renoprotective effects in diabetic kidney disease: exploring the hormonal mechanisms.

This current study represents a novel endeavor to scrutinize the correlation between the temporal alteration in serum total bilirubin (TBIL) concentrations and the rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Additionally, this study aims to probe the plausible molecular mechanism underpinning the renoprotective effects of bilirubin concerning its hormonal characteristics. In this study, a cohort of 103 patients diagnosed with DKD and receiving medical care at Dongzhimen Hospital were recruited and monitored over a period of 2-7 years. The progression of DKD was ascertained using a threshold of eGFR decline > -5.48%/year. To assess the relationship between the annual change in serum TBIL levels (%/year) and the slope of eGFR, multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was employed. Furthermore, the ROC curve analysis was employed to determine the cut-off value for TBIL levels (%/year). The use of multivariate binary logistic regression models revealed that serum TBIL levels (%/year) exhibited a significant correlation with the slope of eGFR. Moreover, the ROC curve analysis indicated a cut-off value of -6.729%/year for TBIL levels (%/year) with a sensitivity of 0.75 and specificity of 0.603, in diagnosing eGFR decline >-5.48%/year. The findings of this study suggest that the sustained elevation of serum bilirubin concentration within the physiological range can effectively retard the progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD). Furthermore, the hormonal attributes of bilirubin may underlie its renoprotective effects.

Which factors affect the live birth outcome of the first single euploid frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer in couples with balanced chromosomal translocations?

The objective of this study is to investigate the factors that influence the live birth rate (LBR) of the first single euploid frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer (FBT) cycles after preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangements (PGT-SR) in couples with balanced chromosomal translocations (BCT). Single center, retrospective and observational study. A total of 336 PGT-SR and the first single euploid FBT cycles between July 2016 and December 2022 were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the live birth outcomes. The parameters of the study population, controlled ovarian stimulation cycles, and FBT cycles were analyzed. Multivariable binary logistic regression was performed to find the factors that affected the LBR. The percentage of blastocysts at developmental stage Day 5 compared to Day 6 (51.8% vs. 30.8%; P<0.001) and with morphology ≥BB compared to <BB (49.7% vs. 32.2%; P=0.001) was significantly different between the group that resulted in live births (n=193) and the group that did not (n=143). The results of the multivariable binary logistic regression analysis indicated that the developmental stage (adjusted OR: 2.068, 95%CI 1.291-3.313; P=0.003) and morphology (adjusted OR: 1.697, 95%CI 1.039-2.773; P=0.035) of the blastocyst were significantly correlated with live birth. Patients with blastocysts that reached the developmental stage at Day 5 and had a morphology of ≥BB had a higher likelihood of having a live birth. The developmental stage and morphology of blastocyst affect the live birth outcome of the first single euploid FBT in BCT carriers undergoing PGT-SR.

Correlation between thrombus composition and regulatory T cell counts with clinical outcomes of acute ischemic stroke patients with thrombectomy.

To analyze the relationship of thrombus composition and regulatory T cell expression with clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with thrombectomy. A total of 44 AIS patients who underwent thrombectomy in the Department of Neurology of Shaoxing Hospital from June 2021 to October 2022 were enrolled. All thrombus specimens were subjected to hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Semi-quantitative analysis was performed to determine the content of red blood cells, fibrinogen/platelets, and regulatory T (CD4+CD25+) cells. Clinical data, vascular recanalization status, and neurologic outcomes at 3 months after thrombectomy were collected. A modified Rankin Scale score of 0-2 was defined as a favorable outcome. Among 44 patients with complete thrombus data there were 15 cases of red cell type, 11 cases of mixed type and 18 cases of fibrin/platelet type. There was a significant difference in trial of ORG 10172 in acute stroke treatment (TOAST) etiological classification among the three groups (P<0.01), while no significant differences were found in other general clinical and surgical data (all P>0.05). According to the TOAST etiology, 28 cases were classified as large atherosclerosis type and 16 cases as cardioembolic type. The proportion of red blood cells in thrombus was significantly higher in patients with large atherosclerosis type than that in those with cardioembolic type [58.0% (44.2%, 72.5%) vs. 24.5% (12.7%, 48.0%), P<0.01]. The ratio of fibrin to platelet in patients with cardiogenic embolism was significantly higher than that in patients with large atherosclerosis [73.0% (49.2%, 84.5%) vs. 40.0% (25.2%, 54.5%), P<0.01). Among the 44 patients, 19 had good while 25 had poor neurological outcomes. Univariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that age, operation time, CD4+CD25+T cell number were correlated with the functional outcomes of the patients (all P<0.05). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that thrombus CD4+CD25+T cell count was an independent factor affecting the functional outcome of patients (OR=1.369, 95%CI: 1.101-1.701, P<0.01). There is no significant correlation of erythrocyte and fibrin/platelet components in thrombus with functional outcome in AIS patients, but an increased count of regulatory T cells associates with good functional outcome.

Risk factors for ischemic stroke in China: a case-control study

Background Stroke is a primary cause of disability and death in adults worldwide. This study aimed to determine whether uric acid (UA), total bilirubin (TBIL), serum creatinine (Scr), homocysteine (Hcy), platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR), mean platelet volume (MPV), red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW), and common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) were risk factors for ischemic stroke and whether there were sex differences in their associations. Methods This was a case-control study, and all data were collected from the medical records at Fuzhou First People’s Hospital of Jiangxi Province, China. The case group consisted of 400 patients treated for ischemic stroke at the Neurology Department, Fuzhou First People’s Hospital from January 2017 to June 2023. The control group included 200 patients with non-ischemic stroke in the same period and at the same hospital. In this study, clinical history, physical examination, and biochemical indices such as UA, TBIL, Scr, Hcy, P-LCR, MPV, and RDW were obtained from the patients’ medical records. Craniocerebral imaging was performed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computerized tomography (CT). CCA-IMT was measured using ultrasonography of the carotid arteries. Results In the multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, Hcy, FBS, right CCA-IMT and Hypertension were associated with ischemic stroke (p&lt;0.001). The odds of ischemic stroke increased with Hcy (adjusted OR=1.217, 95% CI=1.129-1.311, p&lt;0.001), fasting blood sugar (FBS) (adjusted OR=1.313, 95%CI=1.169-1.475, p&lt;0.001), and right CCA-IMT (adjusted OR=45.273, 95%CI=6.693-306.232, p&lt;0.001). Hypertensive persons had a higher possibility of ischemic stroke than persons without hypertension (adjusted OR=3.161, 95%CI=2.086-4.790, p&lt;0.001). Conclusions Hcy, FBS, right CCA-IMT, and hypertension are independent risk factors for ischemic stroke in China. There was no association between TBIL, Scr, P-LCR, MPV, RDW, and the incidence of ischemic stroke. There was no sex difference in the association between Hcy, TBIL, Scr, P-LCR, and the incidence of ischemic stroke.

Home care needs assessment among caregivers of children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundChildren and adolescents with complex medical issues need home care services; however, few studies have provided insight into the unmet home care needs of the families of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). In this study, we aimed to assess the home care needs of caregivers of children and adolescents with OI and the associated factors.MethodsA self-administered questionnaire was administered online to 142 caregivers of patients with OI aged 3–17 years between May and October 2022 from 25 provinces in China. The questionnaire comprised 15 questions on demographic variables and 14 questions on home care needs. Chi-square analysis was used to compare group differences for categorical variables. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine predictors of caregivers’ home care needs.ResultsThe study findings indicated that 81.5% of caregivers had high home care needs. The three leading types of home care needs were helping the child carry out physical fitness recovery exercises at home (72.5%), understanding precautions regarding treatment drugs (72.5%), and relieving the child’s pain (70.4%). OI patients’ poor self-care ability (adjusted odds ratio = 5.9, 95% confidence interval = 1.8–19.0) was related to caregivers’ high level of home care needs.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that future scientific research and nursing guidance should focus on OI patients’ physical training, medication management, pain relief, fracture prevention, and treatment. In addition, caregivers of patients with poor self-care ability should receive special attention in the development of interventions. This study can help with addressing the unmet home care needs of caregivers of children and adolescents with OI. It is vital to develop a personalized intervention plan based on patients’ self-care ability.

Risk Factors for Surgical Treatment of Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease in Middle-aged and Older Women: A Prospective Case-Control Study of 2370 Subjects.

Given the distinct physiological and societal traits between women and men, we propose that there are distinct risk factors for lumbar degenerative disc disease surgeries, including lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), in middle-aged and older populations. However, few studies have focused on middle-aged and older women. This study aims to identify these risk factors specifically in this population. In this case-control study, the study group comprised 1202 women aged ≥ 45 years who underwent operative treatment of lumbar degenerative disc disease (LDH, n = 825; LSS, n = 377), and the control group comprised 1168 women without lumbar disease who visited a health examination clinic during the same period. The study factors included demographics (age, body mass index [BMI], smoking, labor intensity, and genetic history), female-specific factors (menopausal status, number of deliveries, cesarean section, and simple hysterectomy), surgical history (number of abdominal surgeries, hip joint surgery, knee joint surgery, and thyroidectomy), and systemic diseases (hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyper-low-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of associated factors. The risk factors for surgical treatment of LDH in middle-aged and older women included BMI (OR = 1.603), labor intensity (OR = 1.189), genetic history (OR = 2.212), number of deliveries (OR = 1.736), simple hysterectomy (OR = 2.511), hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 1.932), and hyper-low-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia (OR = 2.662). For surgical treatment of LSS, the risk factors were age (OR = 1.889), BMI (OR = 1.671), genetic history (OR = 2.134), number of deliveries (OR = 2.962), simple hysterectomy (OR = 1.968), knee joint surgery (OR = 2.527), hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 1.476), hyper-low-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia (OR = 2.413), and diabetes (OR = 1.643). Cerebrovascular disease was a protective factor against surgery for LDH (OR = 0.267). BMI, genetic history, number of deliveries, simple hysterectomy, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyper-low-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia were independent risk factors for surgical treatment of both LDH and LSS in middle-aged and older women. Two disparities were found: labor intensity was a risk factor for LDH patients, and knee joint surgery and diabetes were risk factors for LSS patients.

What factors are effective on the CPR duration of patients under extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a single-center retrospective study

BackgroundExtracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is an alternative method for patients with reversible causes of cardiac arrest (CA) after conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR). However, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) duration during ECPR can vary due to multiple factors. Healthcare providers need to understand these factors to optimize the resuscitation process and improve outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the different variables impacting the duration of CPR in patients undergoing ECPR.MethodsThis retrospective, single-center, observational study was conducted on adult patients who underwent ECPR due to in-hospital CA (IHCA) or out-of-hospital CA (OHCA) at Hamad General Hospital (HGH), the tertiary governmental hospital of Qatar, between February 2016 and March 2020. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the prognostic factors associated with CPR duration, including demographic and clinical variables, as well as laboratory tests.ResultsThe mean ± standard division age of the 48 participants who underwent ECPR was 41.50 ± 13.15 years, and 75% being male. OHCA and IHCA were reported in 77.1% and 22.9% of the cases, respectively. The multivariate analysis revealed that several factors were significantly associated with an increased CPR duration: higher age (OR: 1.981, 95%CI: 1.021–3.364, P = 0.025), SOFA score (OR: 3.389, 95%CI: 1.289–4.911, P = 0.013), presence of comorbidities (OR: 3.715, 95%CI: 1.907–5.219, P = 0.026), OHCA (OR: 3.715, 95%CI: 1.907–5.219, P = 0.026), and prolonged collapse-to-CPR time (OR: 1.446, 95%CI:1.092–3.014, P = 0.001). Additionally, the study found that the initial shockable rhythm was inversely associated with the duration of CPR (OR: 0.271, 95%CI: 0.161–0.922, P = 0.045). However, no significant associations were found between laboratory tests and CPR duration.ConclusionThese findings suggest that age, SOFA score, comorbidities, OHCA, collapse-to-CPR time, and initial shockable rhythm are important factors influencing the duration of CPR in patients undergoing ECPR. Understanding these factors can help healthcare providers better predict and manage CPR duration, potentially improving patient outcomes. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and explore additional factors that may impact CPR duration in this population.

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hypertension Among Tribal Population Aged 15-49 in India: Evidence from National Family Health Survey, 2019-2021.

Approximately 10% of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) can be attributed to hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension is steadily increasing among urban, rural, and tribal populations alike. There has been a growing incidence of hypertension within underprivileged groups; however, there is a scarcity of research focusing on the risks of hypertension within Indian tribes. The current study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of hypertension among tribes and the risk factors of hypertension. This study uses data from the fifth phase of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) in India, covering 2,843,917 individuals in 636,699 households. A total of 69,176 individuals belonging to tribal communities aged between 15 and 49, encompassing both males and females, have been incorporated into our study. The study utilized bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses, which were conducted using the R statistical software. Among 69,176 tribal populations between 15 and 49 years, the overall prevalence of hypertension was 12.54% (8676/69176; 95% CI, 12.29%, 12.79%). The prevalence of hypertension among males was 16.4% and 12.07% among females. Age, gender, education, marital status, smoking, and alcohol consumption were found to be the significant predictors of hypertension among tribes. The rising prevalence and potential dangers of hypertension within Indian tribes highlight their epidemiological transition burdened by significant cardiometabolic health concerns, necessitating prompt and ongoing monitoring and surveillance.

Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use and Its Impact on the Delayed Presentation and Advanced Stage of Breast Cancer in Newly Diagnosed Indian Women

Abstract Introduction Complementary and alternate medicine (CAM) use is highly prevalent among Indian cancer patients. However, such studies from the perspective of Indian patients with breast cancer (BC) are lacking. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of CAM use and its impact on the presentation of patients with BC. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was performed in the Department of Radiation Oncology over a period of 6 months (January to June 2019) and involved review of hospital-record of 229 newly-diagnosed patients with BC. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was done to evaluate the association of CAM use with the BC stage and various clinicodemographic variables. Results Of 229 patients, 96 (41.92%) used CAM. The CAM use was significantly associated with rural residence (odds ratio [OR]: 4.092; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.27–7.35), illiteracy (OR: 6.417; 95% CI: 1.83–22.45), delayed presentation by 3 to 6 (OR: 12.964; 95% CI: 2.94–57.00) and more than 6 months (OR: 40.667; 95% CI: 9.26–178.46), and advanced stage at diagnosis (OR: 10.786; 95% CI: 5.15–22.58). Similarly, advanced stage at diagnosis was significantly associated with rural residence (OR: 2.78; 95% CI: 1.59–4.84), illiteracy (OR: 7.20; 95% CI: 1.86–22.79,), and delayed presentation by 3 to 6 (OR: 6.41; 95% CI: 2.81–14.61) and more than 6 months (OR: 17.55; 95% CI: 7.26–42.45). Conclusions CAM use was highly prevalent among the patients with BC and significantly associated with advanced stage at diagnosis. Moreover, both CAM use and advanced stage at diagnosis were significantly associated with rural residence, low educational status, and delayed presentation.

The association between body mass index and osteoporosis in a Taiwanese population: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study

This study investigates the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and osteoporosis utilizing data from the Taiwan Biobank. Initially, a comprehensive analysis of 119,009 participants enrolled from 2008 to 2019 was conducted to assess the association between BMI and osteoporosis prevalence. Subsequently, a longitudinal cohort of 24,507 participants, initially free from osteoporosis, underwent regular follow-ups every 2–4 years to analyze the risk of osteoporosis development, which was a subset of the main cohort. Participants were categorized into four BMI groups: underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 24 kg/m2), overweight (24 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 27 kg/m2), and obese groups (BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2). A T-score ≤ − 2.5 standard deviations below that of a young adult was defined as osteoporosis. Overall, 556 (14.1%), 5332 (9.1%), 2600 (8.1%) and 1620 (6.7%) of the participants in the underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese groups, respectively, had osteoporosis. A higher prevalence of osteoporosis was noted in the underweight group compared with the normal weight group (odds ratio [OR], 2.20; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.99 to 2.43; p value < 0.001) in multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. Furthermore, in the longitudinal cohort during a mean follow-up of 47 months, incident osteoporosis was found in 61 (9%), 881 (7.2%), 401 (5.8%) and 213 (4.6%) participants in the underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese groups, respectively. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that the risk of incident osteoporosis was higher in the underweight group than in the normal weight group (hazard ratio [HR], 1.63; 95% CI 1.26 to 2.12; p value < 0.001). Our results suggest that BMI is associated with both the prevalence and the incidence of osteoporosis. In addition, underweight is an independent risk factor for developing osteoporosis. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining normal weight for optimal bone health.