Multivariate Analysis Of Variance Test Research Articles

Psychiatric Symptoms in Patients with Immune-Related Mucocutaneous Lichen Planus

Background: Lichen planus (LP) is one of the most common chronic mucocutaneous diseases with an underlying immunological component. Although the pathogenesis of this condition is not exactly known, numerous studies have been conducted due to the significance of this disease and its high prevalence. Several risk factors and various contexts have been identified for this condition; however, the primary cause is still not fully understood. Some genetic and environmental factors may be involved in the development of the disease. The present study was conducted to examine psychiatric symptoms in patients with cutaneous-oral LP (COLP) referred to the dermatology clinic of Sina Hospital of Tabriz city, northwest of Iran. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 31 patients with LP and 31 healthy individuals referred to the dermatology clinic of Sina Hospital in Tabriz. The information required was collected using the SCL-90-R standard questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of SPSS v.23 and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results: The results showed that people with COLP do not suffer from serious psychiatric conditions but may have merely mild to moderate psychiatric symptoms. However, the MANOVA test indicated that the symptoms had a significantly higher incidence in patients with oral LP compared to matched control subjects (F (12,47)=13.86, P<0.05). Conclusion: As shown by the SCL-90-R standard checklist, patients with oral LP expressed significantly more psychiatric symptoms than normal individuals, reflecting the need for these patients for more regular assessments.

The positive impact of identity-affirming mental health treatment for neurodivergent individuals.

The medical and social definitions of neurodivergence have become a common topic of discussion in recent years, and the ways that we define, measure and report on conditions within the neurodivergent umbrella are changing. The objective of this study was to analyze differences in mental health symptom presentation at intake and compare treatment outcomes among three groups: clients with an affirming neurodivergent diagnosis, clients without an affirming diagnosis, and neurotypical clients. Data were collected at intake and discharge. Clients self-reported neurodivergent identity, neurodivergent diagnoses, as well as the severity of depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms and self-harm frequency. One-way multivariate analysis of variance tests were run to assess differences in mental health symptoms at intake and discharge based on neurodivergent identity and corresponding diagnosis. When MANOVAs indicated significant differences, follow-up univariate one-way ANOVAs were conducted for each dependent variable. Neurodivergent clients reported significantly worse mental health symptoms at intake than neurotypical clients, regardless of diagnosis status. Additionally, clients who identified as neurodivergent but did not report an affirming medical diagnosis reported significantly worse mental health symptoms than those who did report an affirming medical diagnosis. By discharge from IOP treatment, no significant differences were found in symptom change scores between neurodivergent and neurotypical individuals, or neurodivergent individuals with an affirming diagnosis and those without. These findings highlight the importance of acknowledging client identity as a key component of mental health treatment. The act of validating symptoms and experiences, allowing accommodations when requested, and exploring identity formation regardless of diagnosis, allowed all clients who identified as neurodivergent to benefit from treatment.

The Effect of Aerobic and Combined Training on Heart Function of Middle-ged Male Patients After Bilateral Femoral Artery Coronary Grafting

Background and Aims Cardiovascular diseases are among the most common causes of death in the world. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases increases with older age. Using cardiac exercise training to rehabilitate the heart after heart disease creates functional and structural adaptations in the patient’s cardiovascular system, reducing mortality from related diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of two aerobic and combined exercise training methods on heart function capacity in middle-aged male patients after bilateral femoral artery coronary bypass grafting surgery. Methods In this quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design, 68 middle-aged male patients (Mean±SD age: 56.19±1.26 years) were studied after bilateral femoral artery coronary bypass grafting surgery. The subjects were randomly and availably divided into 3 groups: Aerobic (n=20), combined exercise training (aerobic+resistance) (n=20), and control (n=28). The subjects in the intervention groups performed 8 weeks of training, 3 sessions per week. Each training session in the aerobic and combined groups was performed for 40 minutes with the intensity of 70-85% heart rate reserved and 60 minutes with the intensity of 40-80% of one repetition maximum for each patient. Levene’s test, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and Bonferroni statistical tests were used to analyze the obtained data at the significance level of P≤0.05. Results The one-way MANOVA test showed that functional capacity, ejection fraction and maximal oxygen consumption increased significantly after aerobic and combined exercise training compared to the control group (P<0.05). However, the Bonferroni post hoc test showed no significant differences between functional capacity, ejection fraction, and maximal oxygen consumption at post-test levels in aerobic and combined exercise training groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The findings of this study show that both aerobic and combined exercise training can improve the heart functional variables in middle-aged male patients after bilateral femoral artery coronary bypass grafting surgery, and these improvement levels appear to be independent of the types of training.

Unit Cost Analysis of Haemodialysis Services By Activity Based Costing Approach as a Strategy For Increasing Hospital Profits

One of the catastrophic diseases that is the focus of health insurance financing is kidney failure. Haemodialysis is a type of kidney replacement therapy for chronic kidney disease using special equipment. One method of financing haemodialysis procedures is the National Health Insurance Program. Hospitals, as health service providers for JKN participants, have an interest in the INACBG rates. Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3 of 2023 concerning Health Service Tariff Standards in the Implementation of the Health Insurance Program, there are changes to tariffs for haemodialysis services. With the current tariff changes, single-use and re-use services are divided into two different tariffs. The research was conducted at Siloam Hospital Bali. The data taken is secondary data originating from the Financial Division of Siloam Hospital Bali, the Medical Records Department of Siloam Hospital Bali, and the Haemodialysis Department of Siloam Hospital Bali during the period January–April 2023. The data collected and the hypothesis formulated in this research will be tested using the MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance) test method, using SPSS software. The research results show that there is a significant difference in total costs for re-use and single-use haemodialysis services; there is a significant difference in the total INACBG rates per patient for re-use and single-use haemodialysis services and there is no significant difference in the difference between INACBG rates and total costs in re-use and single-use haemodialysis services.

Disparity in the Burden of Caring for Older Persons between Families Living in Housing Estates and Traditional Communities in Thailand.

Thailand's rapid population aging and reliance on family-based long-term care requires research into disparities in family caregiver burden. Since the type of residence matters to the caregiving outcome, this research aimed to examine the difference in caregiver burden between residents of private housing estates and traditional village communities. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 1276 family caregivers of community-dwelling Thai older adults, in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The caregiver burden was examined using the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI), and the care recipients' dependency status was examined using Barthel's Activity of Daily Living (ADL). Descriptive analysis, multivariate analysis of variance test, and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed. Family caregivers living in a traditional village community were 1.607 times more likely to experience emotional burden (adj. OR 1.607, 95% CI: 1.049, 2.462) and 2.743 times more likely to experience overall caregiver burden (adj. OR: 1.163, 95% CI: 1.163, 6.471) compared to those in the private housing estate group. Our findings showed significant differences in caregiver burden based on residential area, contributing with insights to evidence-based policies, interventions, and programs to minimize disparities and promote family caregivers' health and well-being.

Identification of gene networks jointly associated with depressive symptoms and cardiovascular health metrics using whole blood transcriptome in the Young Finns Study.

Studies have shown that cardiovascular health (CVH) is related to depression. We aimed to identify gene networks jointly associated with depressive symptoms and cardiovascular health metrics using the whole blood transcriptome. We analyzed human blood transcriptomic data to identify gene co-expression networks, termed gene modules, shared by Beck's depression inventory (BDI-II) scores and cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics as markers of depression and cardiovascular health, respectively. The BDI-II scores were derived from Beck's Depression Inventory, a 21-item self-report inventory that measures the characteristics and symptoms of depression. CVH metrics were defined according to the American Heart Association criteria using seven indices: smoking, diet, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, total cholesterol, and fasting glucose. Joint association of the modules, identified with weighted co-expression analysis, as well as the member genes of the modules with the markers of depression and CVH were tested with multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). We identified a gene module with 256 genes that were significantly correlated with both the BDI-II score and CVH metrics. Based on the MANOVA test results adjusted for age and sex, the module was associated with both depression and CVH markers. The three most significant member genes in the module were YOD1, RBX1, and LEPR. Genes in the module were enriched with biological pathways involved in brain diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's. The identified gene module and its members can provide new joint biomarkers for depression and CVH.

Prevalence of Self-Reported Swallowing Difficulties and Swallowing-Related Quality of Life Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in India.

Self-reported swallowing difficulties are highly prevalent but underreported among older adults. The aging population in India is increasing, yet there is a lack of empirical data on self-reported swallowing difficulties in older adults. In the present study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of self-reported swallowing difficulties and assess the swallowing-related quality of life (QOL) among community-dwelling older adults in India. We recruited 361 older adults (60-91years) from the community. Participants completed the Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) to assess self-reported swallowing difficulties and the Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI) to assess swallowing-related QOL. Participants rated the EAT-10 from 0 for 'no problem' to 4 for 'severe problem'. The DHI rating included 0 for 'never', 2 for 'sometimes', and 4 for 'always'. The total scores of EAT-10 and DHI were summarised using descriptive statistics. Statistically significant differences between pass-fail groups of EAT-10 and DHI were evaluated using an independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variance test, respectively. The overall mean score for EAT-10 was 3.34, and 7.56 for DHI, with higher scores observed among females. 36.6% of older adults self-reported experiencing swallowing difficulties, while 47.4% self-reported having poor swallowing-related QOL at p < 0.05. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.86) was found between EAT-10 and total DHI scores at p < 0.001. The present study sheds light on the widespread yet underreported issue of self-reported swallowing difficulties and the impact on swallowing-related QOL among older adults in India. These findings emphasize the urgent need for early swallowing screening programs among older adults.

Psychological Wellbeing, Help Seeking Behaviour on Coping Amongst Professional Psychologists

The study explored and examined effect of help seeking behaviours on psychological wellbeing, and ways of coping among Professional Psychologists in Accra, Ghana using a case study research design. A total of 116 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Data was collected using standardized Likert type questionnaires which comprised the WHO Well-Being Index (WHO-5; 1998 version), Africultural Coping Systems Inventory (ACSI) (Utsey, Adams, &amp; Bolden 2000), and the Attitudes Towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale (ATSPPHS) (Fischer &amp; Farina, 1995). Data was analyzed using Descriptive statistics, Reliability and Normality tests, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient test, Simple Linear Regression Analysis, and Multivariate Analysis of Variance test. Results revealed that a significant positive correlation exists between help seeking behaviour and psychological wellbeing. Secondly, Coping style (i.e., cognitive and emotional debriefing, and ritual centered coping) significantly predicts help seeking behaviours. Meanwhile, only cognitive and emotional debriefing coping style predicts psychological wellbeing.

Tensile Strength and Elastic Modulus of Gutta-percha Cones Disinfected with Sodium Hypochlorite at Different Immersion Times: An In Vitro Comparative Study.

The tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of gutta-percha cones can be chemically altered due to disinfectant solutions. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare tensile strength and elastic modulus of gutta-percha cones subjected to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) disinfection at different times. This in vitro and longitudinal experimental study consisted of 45 gutta-percha cones, divided equally into three groups: Group 1 (disinfection with 2.5% NaOCl), Group 2 (disinfection with 5.25% NaOCl), and control group. All groups were subdivided according to immersion times for 1, 5, and 10 minutes. Tensile strength and elastic modulus were measured with a universal testing machine. For comparing more than two independent groups, parametric analysis of variance test with Sheffe's post hoc was used and for multivariate analysis, and multivariate analysis of variance test based on Pillai's Trace was used. In all statistical analysis, a significance level P ≤ 0.05 was considered. When comparing the tensile strength of gutta-percha cones, no significant differences were observed after being immersed at 1, 5, and 10 minutes in NaOCl 2.5% (P = 0.715) and 5.25% (P = 0.585). Regarding the elastic modulus, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) was observed in those that were immersed in NaOCl 2.5% and 5.25% for 1, 5, and 10 minutes. Furthermore, increased NaOCl concentration significantly reduced the elastic modulus (P < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in tensile strength (P > 0.05) and elastic modulus (P > 0.05), when evaluating the interaction between NaOCl concentration and time. Increasing NaOCl concentration significantly reduced the modulus of elasticity without affecting the tensile strength of gutta-percha cones, regardless of immersion time. Furthermore, the interaction of time and NaOCl concentration did not significantly affect the tensile strength and elastic modulus.

Testing of waste vegetable oils as color modifiers in American walnut (Juglans nigra L.) wood

American walnut (Juglans nigra L.) wood is used for veneer due to its beautifully grained and dark-colored wood. This study was conducted to test the use of plant waste oils as color modifiers on American walnut wood. As waste vegetable oils, discarded walnut, olive, corn, and sunflower oils were employed. After applying waste oils to the wooden surfaces, several surface properties (brightness, color, and whiteness index: WI*) were determined. It was observed that multivariate analysis of variance tests conducted for WI* values and color parameters were found to be statistically significant. For all vegetable waste oils, decreases were identified in L*, C*, ho, and b* parameters, as well as in WI* values and glossiness values (for all degrees and orientations). The ∆E* values were measured at 19.18 for sunflower, 22.02 for walnut, 22.65 for corn, and 19.49 for olive. Each of the discarded vegetable oils had an impact on the color of the wooden surface.

Associations of gut microbiome richness and diversity with objective and subjective sleep measures in a population sample.

Alterations in gut microbiota composition have been associated with several conditions, and there is emerging evidence that sleep quantity and quality are associated with the composition of the gut microbiome. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the associations between several measures of sleep and the gut microbiome in a large, population-based sample. Data were collected from participants in the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin from 2016 to 2017 (N = 720). Alpha diversity was estimated using Chao1 richness, Shannon's diversity, and Inverse Simpson's diversity. Beta diversity was estimated using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity. Models for each of the alpha-diversity outcomes were calculated using linear mixed effects models. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance tests were performed to test whether gut microbiome composition differed by sleep measures. Negative binomial models were used to assess whether sleep measures were associated with individual taxa relative abundance. Participants were a mean (SD) age of 55 (16) years and 58% were female. The sample was 83% non-Hispanic white, 10.6% non-Hispanic black, and 3.5% Hispanic. Greater actigraphy-measured night-to-night sleep duration variability, wake-after-sleep onset, lower sleep efficiency, and worse self-reported sleep quality were associated with lower microbiome richness and diversity. Sleep variables were associated with beta-diversity, including actigraphy-measured night-to-night sleep duration variability, sleep latency and efficiency, and self-reported sleep quality, sleep apnea, and napping. Relative abundance of several taxa was associated with night-to-night sleep duration variability, average sleep latency and sleep efficiency, and sleep quality. This study suggests that sleep may be associated with the composition of the gut microbiome. These results contribute to the body of evidence that modifiable health habits can influence the human gut microbiome.

The Effect of Project Based Learning on Creative Writing Skills in Elementary School Students: Multivariate Analysis of Variance on Themes, Diction, Imagination

Problems of creative writing are found in the mastery of themes, diction, and imagination. The Project-based Learning model is proposed as an effective model to improve mastery of themes, diction, and imagination. This study aims to determine the effect of the PjBL model on the mastery of themes, diction, and imagination in fourth grade elementary school students. The research sample consisted of 150 randomly selected. The research location is in Surakarta City. This type of research is quasi-experimental with Posttest Only Control Group Design. Data was collected using a creative writing skills test including indicators of theme, diction, and imagination. Analysis of research data using the multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) test. Prerequisite tests are carried out by normality and homogeneity tests using the variant matrix test (Box's M). The hypothesis test applies the MANOVA test and is continued with the Post Hoc test. The results of the study concluded that: the PjBL model has a significant effect on creative writing skills in mastering aspects of themes, diction, and imagination both simultaneously and partially. This research recommends teachers apply the PjBL model in increasing student creativity, especially in producing products in the form of creative writing. Keywords: Project-Based Learning, Creative Writing Skills, Multivariate Analysis

The Effect of Problem Based Learning Models with Question Cards on Environmental Pollution Materials on Problem Solving Ability, Scientific Attitudes, and Student Learning Outcomes

Problem solving ability (PSA) is one of the skills that is the focus of the 21st century, besides that scientific attitudes and learning outcomes are also important components that must be possessed by students. This research aims to determine the effect of problem based learing (PBL) with question cards on environmental pollution on PSA, scientific attitudes, and student learning outcomes. The type of research used a quasi-experimental study using a nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design. Sampling used a cluster random sampling technique. Data collection used PSA description questions, scientific attitude questionnaires, and multiple-choice test to measure the learning outcomes. Data analysis techniques used descriptive analysis, multivariate analysis of variance (Manova) test, and N-gain test. The average results of students in the experimental class were higher than those in the control class. The multivariate analysis of variance test results obtained a Sig. 0.000, and the N-gain test result in the experimental class obtained moderate criteria. Based on the results it is concluded that the PBL model with question cards have a significant effect

Evaluation of Hip Characteristics in Baseball and Softball Athletes with and Without Throwing Arm Pain.

During throwing, the lower extremity assists in the generation and transfer of momentum. Lower extremity stability assists in this transfer by providing a base for distal mobility of the arm segments. This study aimed to determine differences between hip rotational range of motion and strength based on the presence of throwing-arm pain (yes/no) and throwing sport (baseball/softball). We hypothesized those experiencing pain would display decreases in hip range of motion and strength, and that softball players would display greater range of motion than baseball, but less strength based on sex-specific characteristics. Forty-four baseball (13±2 years, 165.2±13.0 cm, 58.5±13.4 kg) and 50 softball players (13±2 years, 160.9±11.2 cm, 62.7±17.9 kg) participated. Multivariate analysis of variance tests (2×2) determined differences in bilateral hip range of motion, total arc of motion, and strength between pain status and sport. There were no significant interactions (>0.05) for pain status and sport on hip range of motion, total arc of motion, and strength. Furthermore, no significant main effects (>0.05) were found for pain status or sport alone on range of motion or strength. Future work should be directed at explaining the effects of hip characteristics on the throwing motion and how it equates to throwing-arm health.

A contextual approach for exploring faculty readiness to teach online

Effective online teaching and learning requires readiness of all stakeholders, students, faculty, and administrators while considering contextual factors that influence the design and delivery of online learning. The purpose of this study is to explore how ready for online teaching faculty are in a Lebanese higher education context and to investigate readiness factors that impact their online teaching. It also aims at identifying any significant differences in readiness based on gender, years of teaching experience and discipline. A survey was developed based on a review of the literature and existing surveys that address readiness factors for online teaching. The survey was administered in Spring 2020, and 210 faculty at a private higher education institution completed the survey. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and descriptive statistics were conducted. The EFA resulted in 5 factors associated with faculty readiness to teach online, namely technology access and skills, course design, online pedagogy, attitude, and institutional support. Descriptive statistics revealed that faculty have the minimum required technology skills to teach online, yet they are faced with technical challenges associated with the context and the need for institutional support. MANOVA tests revealed a statistically significant difference between female faculty members who are readier in terms of course design and attitude than their counterpart males, a statistically significant difference in terms of course design for faculty who have more years of teaching experience. As for discipline specific readiness, majors that are focused on art and design revealed to be less ready for online teaching. This study implies the need for a more robust infrastructure to expand the delivery of online learning in Lebanon and the need for professional development for faculty to create pedagogically and technically enhanced online courses.

Effect of Plyometric Training Model and the Age towards the Reaction Time and the Agility of Muaythai Atheletes

This research aims to determine: (1) the effect of upper body and lower body plyometric training models towards the reaction time and agility, (2) the differences in the effect of age (17-20 years old and 21-24 years old) towards the reaction time and agility, (3) the interaction between upper body plyometric, lower body plyometric training models, and age (17-20 years old and 21-24 years old) towards the reaction time and agility. This research was an experimental study. The research design was a "2x2 factorial" design. The number of research samples were 20 muaythai athletes selected by purposive random sampling. To measure reaction time the researcher used the whole body reaction II test and to measure the agility used the Illinois agility test instrument. The data analysis used the MANOVA (multivariate analysis of variance) test with a significance level of 0.05. The results of this research indicate that: (1) there is a difference in the effect of upper body and lower body plyometric training models towards the reaction time of Muaythai athletes with a p significance of 0.000 &lt; 0.05, and there is a difference in effect between upper body and lower body plyometric training models towards the agility of Muaythai athletes with a significance value of p 0.000 &lt; 0.05. (2) There is a difference in the effect of age (17-20 years old and 21-24 years old) towards the reaction time with a significance value of p 0.002 &lt; 0.05, and there is a difference in the effect of age (17-20 years old and 21-24 years old) towards the agility with a significance value of 0.002 &lt; 0.05. (3) There is a significant interaction between the upper body plyometruc, lower body plyometric training models and age (17-20 years old and 21-24 years old) towards the reaction time with a significance value of 0.002 &lt; 0.05, and there is a significant interaction between the training models of upper body plyometric, lower body plyometric and age (17-20 years old and 21-24 years old) towards the agility with a significance value of 0.001 &lt; 0.05.

SMART Trigger versus Flow and Pressure trigger performance during auto-PEEP

Background Intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (auto-PEEP) is a common problem in mechanically ventilated patients, which can lead to adverse effects on patients comfort, hemodynamics, lung mechanics and gas exchange. Triggering systems play a crucial role in the delivery of mechanical ventilation, and advancements in smart triggering technology aim to optimize patient-ventilator synchrony. This bench study aims to compare the performance of the novel SMART Trigger to traditional pressure and flow triggers in the context of auto-PEEP. Methods A lung model simulating severe obstructive pattern with high compliance (80 ml/cmH2O) and high resistance 30 cmH2O/L/s was connected to the Panther 5 ventilator (Origin Medical, California, USA). The mode was set at Volume Controlled with a tidal volume of 700 ml and mandatory breath per min (BPM) of 10/min and Inspiratory time of 2 seconds to intentionally create auto-PEEP. Simulated spontaneous breaths set at 20 BPM with increasing muscle pressure (Pmus) from -1 to maximum of -25 or till full trigger of all breaths. Three different triggering systems were evaluated: SMART Trigger (ST sensitivity 1 to 7), pressure trigger (-1 cmH2O), and flow trigger (1 l/min). The range of auto-PEEP levels induced increased incrementally with the increase in the respiratory rate ranging from 3 cmH2O for 10 BPM, 8 for 15 BPM, to 13 for 20 BPM. The following parameters were assessed for each triggering system: trigger sensitivity (defined as the number of breaths triggered above the mandatory breaths), and the trigger response time (time it takes from the beginning of muscle effort to the initiation of the breath. Results 100% of the breaths were triggered at Pmus (cmH2O) of -15 in the pressure trigger, -25 in flow trigger, -3 for ST1, -9 for ST2, -10 for ST3, -10 for ST4, -12 for ST5, -18 for ST 6, and -22 for ST 7. Trigger time (msec) for flow was 0.135 ± 0.02, for pressure 0.141 ± 0.04, for ST 1-4: 0.076 ± 0.03, for ST 5-7: 0.104 ± 0.04. Multivariate analysis of variance test showed significant difference between the time to trigger P &lt;0.001. Conclusion This bench study highlights the potential advantages of SMART Trigger technology over conventional pressure and flow triggers during auto-PEEP. The SMART Trigger enhanced sensitivity and rapid response might contribute to improved patient-ventilator synchrony. Further research and clinical studies are warranted to validate these findings and explore the impact of smart trigger technology on patient outcomes in real-world scenarios. Keywords: SMART Trigger, Auto-PEEP, Trigger time

DIFFERENCES IN PERCEIVED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY CONSTRAINTS BETWEEN TURKISH AND 4TH GENERATION TURKISH-GERMAN YOUNG ADULTS

The aim of this study was to examine perceived leisure-time physical activity constraints between Turkish young people living in Germany and Turkey. The current study was conducted with a causal-comparative model to examine the differences in perceived physical activity constraints between Turkish youth living in Turkey and fourth-generation Turkish-German youth who grew up and lived in Germany. 196 young adults from Germany and 201 young adults from Turkey participated in this study. A 2-way Multivariate Analysis of Variance test was used to assess the effects of country of residence and gender background on perceived physical activity constraints. Analysis revealed that there was a statistically significant interaction effect between the country of residence and gender on perceived physical activity constraints of Body Perception, Facilities, Income, Family, Skill Perception, Time, Willpower, and Society. There was also a statistically significant simple main effect of country of residence on all subscales except the skill perception, and the significant simple main effect of gender on facilities, income, time, willpower, and society subscales. Young adults living in Turkey and female precipitants reported higher physical activity constraints compared to participants living in Germany and males. These differences might be associated with the differences in economic development and physical activity norms in Turkish and German societies. These factors are vital for the number of environmental and organizational opportunities to increase leisure-time physical activity participation.

Differential feeding habits of the shallow-water hydrothermal vent crab Xenograpsus testudinatus correlate with their resident vent types at a scale of meters

Abstract. The shallow-water hydrothermal vents (SVs) located off Kueishan (KS) Island, Taiwan, are one of the world's most intensively studied vent systems. It has long been known that white vents (WVs) and yellow vents (YVs) differ in the color and composition of the vent plumes. The endemic vent crabs (Xenograpsus testudinatus) are abundant in both vent types, and ovigerous females migrate to the vent periphery with a distance of 100–200 m to release their offspring. However, most research on the vent crabs was associated with WV or unspecified vent areas. To increase our knowledge of the crabs dwelling in other vent types, we compared the feeding habits of the vent crabs living in WV and YV with 2 sampling months. Specifically, we examined the benthic community of WV and YV, the isotopic niche width, and protein expression patterns of the crabs from the two vents at a distance of 100 m and sampled in July and August 2010. The coverage of sessile organisms and low-mobility fauna in WV was more abundant than in YV, based on the survey in August 2010. The δ13C and δ15N values of crabs differed spatially and temporally (multivariate analysis of variance test; p&lt;0.05). The niche width of the vent crabs from YV-August (0.88 ‰2) narrowed substantially compared to the rest, i.e., YV-July (2.94 ‰2), WV-July (2.88 ‰2), and WV-August (3.62 ‰2; p&lt;0.05), respectively. Based on the protein expression patterns, the vent crabs exhibited three groups, i.e., WV-July and YV-July, WV-August, and YV-August, respectively. Our results indicated that the dwelling crabs were associated with their living vent, and within-vent variability was more noticeable in YV compared to WV. We suggested that vent crabs inhabit their resident vent. Even at a scale of meters, trans-vent movement is probably rare as an adaptation to minimize predation risk.

Missouri Mathematics Project learning model with strategy Everyone is a Teacher Here to towards mathematical problem-solving and self-efficacy ability

Every student must acquire mathematical problem-solving skills and self-efficacy to assist them in the learning process and solve different mathematical problems. This study seeks to explore the impact of implementing “the Missouri Mathematics Project (MMP) learning model with the Everyone is a Teacher Here (ETH) strategy on the mathematical problem-solving skills and self-efficacy of learners”. This study employs a quasi-experimental design with a 2×2 factorial research scheme. In this research, tests of mathematical problem-solving skills and self-efficacy questionnaires were utilized to collect data. The method of data analysis employed the Normality test, the Homogeneity test, and the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) hypothesis tests. Based on the outcomes and MANOVA test calculations, it was determined that implementing the MMP learning model with the Everyone is a Teacher Here strategy affected students' mathematical problem-solving skills. The deployment of the MMP learning model with the Everyone is a Teacher Here strategy also affects students' self-efficacy. Implementing the MMP learning model with the Everyone is a Teacher Here strategy impacts learners' mathematical problem-solving skills and self-efficacy.