Multitude Of Alternatives Research Articles

Approach to Choosing Communication Strategies of Social Projects Based on Indistinct Liguistic Method

Communication strategies of promoting goods, services and brands form an integral part of marketing strategies. Resolving the problem of choosing communication strategy is based on expert opinion of one or several specialists, whose position can be taken by professionals in promotion of commercial and social goods. The goal is to choose the best alternative of conducting communication campaigns based on its potential effectiveness. The article uses mathematic tools of fluctuating set of indistinct linguistic terms in order to resolve the problem of choosing communication strategy for social projects. On this basis the task was formulated for decision-making concerning the choice of marketing strategy in conditions of uncertainty and an example was provided for choosing communication strategy of promoting a social project. As an example of using these tools the inter-regional literature camping ‘War and Peace’ was studied, where a multitude of 3 alternatives was formed, expert opinions in the form of linguistic expressions were obtained and the multitude of alternatives was regulated on the basis of non-dominant strategy. Findings of the research show possibility to use indistinct linguistic computing model for decision-making in marketing.

Латентные личностные профили стилевой регуляции принятия решений

Decision making (DM) generally assumes that the person is performing a choice between a multitude of alternatives under uncertainty and possible risk. According to the concept of dynamic regulative systems (Kornilova, 2016), preferred or most relied on DM strategies are linked in an integrative way with a variety of personality traits that can be at the top of the hierarchy. These include risk readiness, rationality, and Dark Triad traits as reflective of a generally unstable personality core. Decision-Making Tendency Inventory (DMTI; Misuraca et al., 2015) defined DM characteristics via maximization, satisficing and minimization. However, the relationships between DM characteristics captured by DMTI and the listed personality traits have not been explored before. The goal of the current study was establishing latent personality profiles in a person-centered approach that integrates DM “tendencies” and the listed personality traits by identifying relatively homogenous subgroups of individuals with similar profiles. Methods. 625 individuals in the age from 17 to 39 years (М = 20,17, SD = 3,02; 84% females) participated in the study. We used DMTI, Dirty Dozen, and LFR questionnaires to measure DM tendencies, Dark Triad traits, and risk readiness/rationality, respectively. Latent profile analysis was performed in VarSelLCM for R. Results. The results indicated the presence of three latent profiles in the data after adjustments for age and sex. Risk readiness and Dark Triad traits were positively related with maximizing and satisficing, forming one latent class. In another class lower rationality, on the other hand, was linked with minimization. In the third class higher rationality accompanied lower Dark Triad traits. Conclusions. The results provide evidence in favor of the general hypothesis that latent profiles of personality traits are associated with distinct preferences for specific DM tendencies. Higher levels of maximizing, satisficing, and minimizing were not related to subclinical psychopathy or Machiavellianism. Higher narcissism and risk readiness, generally unrelated, are nonetheless characteristic of the latent class that prefers maximizing and satisficing. Preference for minimization of effort during DM was associated with lower rationality. Latent class or latent profile analysis is a powerful technique that sheds new light on the relationships between personality and DM, beyond the contributions of variable-centered approaches such as correlational analysis.

Finanse alternatywne i cyfrowe: w poszukiwaniu ram analitycznych

Współczesne systemy finansowe przeżywają od początku obecnego stulecia okres dynamicznych zmian. Powodują one, że ich jednolita tkanka, na której były one przez długi czas oparte, ulega erozji i pojawia się mnogość bytów alternatywnych. Istniejące systemy stają się coraz bardziej niejednorodne i mniej przejrzyste. Obok tradycyjnego systemu finansowego, opartego na silnie regulowanych i dysponujących monopolem prawnym pośrednikach finansowych, wyłania się sektor alternatywny. Oparty on jest często na odmiennej infrastrukturze rynkowej, która pozwala na bezpośrednie alokowanie i pozyskiwanie środków finansowych na zasadzie P2P czy B2B oraz na innych regułach i podmiotach pośredniczących. Szczególną rolę w tym procesie zmian odgrywają obecnie innowacje technologiczne, zwłaszcza wszechobecny proces cyfryzacji systemów finansowych. Zagadnienia cyfrowych rynków finansów skoncentrowane są w obecnych badaniach i literaturze zasadniczo wokół trzech zagadnień: konkurencji na rynku finansowym, regulacji i nadzoru nad rynkiem w warunkach jego cyfryzacji oraz kwestii ochrony konsumenta, w tym zwłaszcza zagadnień wykluczenia finansowego i metod przeciwdziałania.

The challenge of defining the contemporary terrorism

Conceptual determination and definition of the phenomenon of terrorism is just as complex as the understanding of the terrorism itself and terrorist activities. Therefore the paper presents the concept of defining the contemporary terrorism in terms of science and theory, and their contribution to, as well as the role in, creating a universal and generally accepted definition. Scientists, academics and government experts have long sought to define terrorism, but despite all efforts this term has remained elusive and full of conceptual difficulties that prevent its conceptual definition. Ironically, this concept has now become the most topical political theme, plague and drama of modern times. All this has resulted in a multitude of alternatives and created a kind of chaos around the same word, which best reflects the present situation regarding the formulation and definition of terrorism. The paper discusses academic definitions of terrorism, which are the most numerous. However, none of the current definitions is sufficiently complete, clear and acceptable, as universal and generally recognized by all countries, governments and residents. The study of “contemporary terrorism” is certainly necessary, especially because of the events that took place in the last two decades, and a consensus on a single definition of the term has not been achieved yet, because there have been different approaches to the matter.

Category assignment and relatedness in the group ideation process

When groups gather to generate creative ideas on a particular topic, they can consider many aspects or components of the problem. Because such a multitude of alternatives can be overwhelming, groups may find it helpful to focus on specific aspects or categories of the problem. However, it is not clear whether it is best for group members to focus on the same components of the problem at the same time or whether it is better for group members to focus on different components of the problem. Furthermore, the impact of this type of focus may depend on the extent to which the different components of the problem are closely related semantically. It may be easier to generate ideas in semantically related areas but semantically unrelated areas may stimulate generation of more creative ideas. The present study provided a comprehensive test of the effects of task components or category assignment and the degree of relatedness of the assigned categories on the creativity of groups. Groups that were jointly assigned a small set of categories to focus on at the beginning of their session generated more ideas, explored more categories and exhibited higher clustering of similar ideas than the groups whose members were assigned their own unique category. The groups assigned with low related categories surveyed more categories than those assigned with categories of high relatedness. This study suggests that interdisciplinary or diverse groups or teams should have some common focus in the initial phase of their creative sessions and focus on unrelated aspects of the problem in this phase.

For an anthropology of eating disorders. A pornographic vision of the self

In reading the considerations of the leading contemporary sociologists, attentive observers of the metamorphosis of identity in the post-modern age, a game came to my mind: "what if I mixed up quotes from these scholars' papers with extracts from patients' clinical reports, especially people suffering from so-called "eating disorders"? The objective of this game is to show how difficult it is to pick out the clinical fragments from the sociologists' descriptions of the "never ending task of assembling our Self". The game is to try to separate psychopathology from the Late Modern physiology of identity. The great psychopathologists from the last century offered us two major meaning organizers of identity and its disorders: the Freudian and the Jaspersian. Freud's notion of the "discontents with civilization" served to explain that widespread sense of malaise that characterizes the modern condition. As civilization has been built on our restraining our drives, civilized man ended up "trading in a part of his chances for happiness for a bit of security". Security is guaranteed by our submitting to norms of civilized living together. Neurosis, that feeling that permeates modern human beings who neither belong to themselves nor to others, is the agonizing result. The Jaspersian concept of the Ego consciousness is mainly based on the Kantian Self, the identity pole of subjectivity, standing above the stream of changing experience. It is a necessary condition for coherent experience. Also the Jaspersian Self presupposes coherence, since its main features include identity through time, a sense of unity and one of demarcation from the external world, and a feeling of being actively involved in one's own experiences and performances. In late modernity, identity is a task. Post-modern people have the task and necessity to be perpetually constructing themselves. Being, Self, are organized in a reflexive way. Individuals are forced to choose their own life style among a multitude of alternatives. Are the Freudian and the Kantian/Jaspersian models of the Self now still proving to be suitable for an adequate psychopathological analysis?