ABSTRACT Four studies investigated the structural relationship between gratitude and indebtedness to God. In a longitudinal study (Study 1), gratitude and indebtedness to God (rs =.70 and .57) remained stable over 42–50 days, with a stronger correlation between gratitude and indebtedness to God than between dispositional gratitude and indebtedness. The gratitude-indebtedness to God correlation was stronger among less religious than more religious participants. A multitrait-multimethod study (Study 2) replicated Study 1 with self-reports and informant-reports. Study 3 replicated Studies 1 and 2 and found that gratitude to God was more distinct from indebtedness to God among those who see God as benevolent, mystical, and limitless. Study 4 compared gratitude and indebtedness to God, mothers, and mobile phones, and found that the gratitude-indebtedness correlation for God was much stronger than for mothers or phones. Overall, gratitude and indebtedness to God appear far more closely intertwined than gratitude and indebtedness to other entities.